Application of the wavelet analysis to research the traffic flow intensity

The relevance of the work is the specific properties of the wavelet analysis, which make it possible to identify not only the amplitude-scale (frequency) characteristics of the time series under consideration, but also the evolution of these characteristics during the observation time. As a result of the study, it is advisable to identify those indicators of the intensity of traffic flow that may turn out to be indicators of possible problematic situations (congestion, traffic accidents, etc.). It is advisable to use them in the future when regulating and controlling traffic on the basis of processing information about traffic flows that comes from stationary video recording complexes of traffic violations. The object of study is a road with intensive one-way traffic, equipped with a software and hardware complex that allows measuring the characteristics of the flow of motor transport. The subject of the study is the daily intensity of the flow of cars. The purpose of this study is to identify patterns in the indicators evolution obtained using wavelet analysis as a result of processing of the time series of the car traffic intensity on the road network. As a theoretical and methodological approach, the wavelet transforms using the MHat wavelet, and the Morlet wavelet is used. The approach used by the authors allowed us to establish the correspondence of some characteristics obtained during the wavelet analysis with the evolution of the traffic flow intensity function during the daily observation time, which is the scientific novelty of the study. The wavelet analysis of the data of the video surveillance software and hardware complexes obtained during the day allowed us to construct time dependences of amplitude-scale (frequency) indicators of the car traffic intensity on the road connecting the central and rear areas of the city of Perm. As a result of the study of time series, experimental three-dimensional distributions of wavelet images, scalograms, skeletons and scalegrams of the function of the daily intensity of the traffic flow were obtained. An explanation of the characteristic features of the obtained dependencies and their relationship with the initial function of the traffic flow intensity is proposed. The practical significance lies in obtaining amplitude-scale (frequency) characteristics as a result of wavelet analysis of the traffic intensity using MHat and Morlet wavelets, which is of practical interest from the point of view of predicting the movement of vehicles, controlling the operation of traffic lights, monitoring the operation of equipment, etc. The direction of further research is to obtain, process, analyze and generalize the results of performing amplitude-scale wavelet analysis for time series of traffic flow intensity on parts of the road network with different vehicle traffic intensity

Application of the Hurst index to research the traffic flow intensity

The relevance of the work is due to the predictive properties of the Hurst indicator (index), which make it possible to identify the presence/absence of a trend in the observed stochastic process, which it is advisable to use when regulating and controlling traffic to reduce congestion, traffic accidents based on processing information about traffic flows coming from stationary video recording complexes of traffic violations. The object of investigation is a section of road with intensive one-way traffic, equipped with a software and hardware complex that allows measuring the characteristics of the flow of motor transport. The subject of the study is the daily intensity of the cars flow during the week, from Monday to Sunday. The purpose of this study is to identify the patterns of evolution of the indicators included in the Hurst index, based on the processing of time series of the intensity of motor transport traffic on the road network. As a theoretical and methodological approach, the rescaled range analysis, or the definition of Hurst exponent, is used. The approach developed by the authors allowed us to establish the regularities of the evolution of mean values, standard deviations, accumulated and rescaled range, Hearst exponents, which is the scientific novelty of the performed analysis. Data processing of video surveillance software and hardware complexes made it possible to construct time-dependent indicators of the intensity of car traffic on a road with a consistently high flow of vehicles connecting the central and remote areas of the city of Perm, at various intervals of averaging by days of the week. As a result of the study of time series, dependences on the time of average values, standard deviations, accumulated and rescaled ranges, Hearst exponents were obtained. It is shown that the found characteristics of the traffic flow intensity on a road with a high traffic intensity differ significantly from similar characteristics obtained earlier for roads with a relatively low intensity. The practical significance lies in the use of predictive properties of the Hurst indicator in analyzing the intensity of the flow of vehicles for predicting the movement of vehicles, controlling the operation of traffic lights, monitoring the operation of equipment, etc. The direction of further research is to obtain, process and determine rescaled ranges and Hurst exponents for time series of traffic flow intensity on other sections of the road network

Polarization reversal in KTP single crystals with surface dielectric layer and at elevated temperatures

The research was made possible in part by Government of the Russian Federation (Act 211, Agreement 02.A03.21.0006) by RFBR (grant 16-02-00724), and by President of Russian Federation grant for young scientists (Contract 14.Y30.17.2837-MK). The equipment of the Ural Center for Shared Use “Modern nanotechnology” Ural Federal University was used

Domain wall shape instability in congruent lithium tantalate during switching by ion beam

The equipment of the Ural Center for Shared Use “Modern nanotechnology” UrFU was used. The research was made possible in part by Government of the Rus-sian Federation (Act 211, Agreement 02.A03.21.0006) and by President of Russian Federation grant for young scientists (Contract 14.Y30.16.8441-МК). V.S. acknowledges financial support within the State Task from the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (Project No. 1366.2014/236)

Changes in glomerular filtration rate in young adults: population data

Aim of the study was to investigate glomerular filtration rate in population of 25–45 years old young people of Novosibirsk city. Material and methods. A survey of Novosibirsk typical district’s population has been carried out by the Institute of Internal and Preventive Medicine since 2013 to 2016. 1074 people (467 males and 607 females of 25–45 years old) have been included into the survey. The levels of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were chosen according to KDIGO (2012) recommendation, such as: GFR more than 90 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – high or optimal, 60–89 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – slightly reduced, 45–59 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – moderately reduced, 30–44 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – vastly reduced, 1529 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – highly reduced, lower than 15 ml/min/1.73 cm2 – terminal renal failure. Results and discussion. Average GFR(CKD-EPI) level in all age groups was 99,9 ml/min/1.73 cm2 . Average GFR(CKD-EPI) was 104.41 ml/min/1.73 cm2 in 25–34 age group. Male average GFR(CKD-EPI) levels in appropriate age groups were reliably higher comparing to female levels. Both male and female analyzed indicators turned out to be reliably lower in older group than in the younger one. 95.1 % of male participants at the age from 25 to 34 years old had GFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73 cm2 , while female indicator was 76.9 %. The indicators in the age group from 35–45 years old were: for males – 86.4 %, for females – 58.3 %. Both male and female groups at the age from 35 to 45 contained people with GFR < 60.ml/min/1.73 cm2 (2 men – 0,8 %; 1 woman – 0.4 %). While GFR calculating according to MDRD and CKD-EPI formulas two dissimilar results were revealed. The advantages of CKD-EPI formulas calculating for higher GFR indicators have been evidenced

Domain wall orientation and domain shape in KTiOPO4 crystals

Domain shape evolution and domain wall motion have been studied in KTiOPO4 (KTP) ferroelectric single crystals using complementary experimental methods. The in situ visualization of domain kinetics has allowed revealing: (1) qualitative change of the domain shape, (2) dependence of the domain wall velocity on its orientation, (3) jump-like domain wall motion caused by domain merging, (4) effect of domain shape stability. The model of domain wall motion driven by generation of elementary steps (kink-pair nucleation) and subsequent kink motion is presented. The decrease in the relative velocity of the approaching parallel domain walls is attributed to electrostatic interaction. The effect of polarization reversal induced by chemical etching is observed. The obtained results are important for the development of domain engineering in the crystals of KTP family. Published by AIP Publishing

Mediators and biomarkers of inflammation in meningitis: Cytokine and peptidome profiling of cerebrospinal fluid

© 2016, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.Differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis is an urgent problem of the modern clinical medicine. Early and accurate detection of meningitis etiology largely determines the strategy of its treatment and significantly increases the likelihood of a favorable outcome for the patient. In the present work, we analyzed the peptidome and cytokine profiles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 17 patients with meningitis of bacterial and viral etiology and of 20 neurologically healthy controls. In addition to the identified peptides (potential biomarkers), we found significant differences in the cytokine status of the CSF of the patients. We found that cut-off of 100 pg/ml of IL-1β, TNF, and GM-CSF levels discriminates bacterial and viral meningitis with 100% specificity and selectivity. We demonstrated for the first time the reduction in the level of two cytokines, IL-13 and GM-CSF, in the CSF of patients with viral meningitis in comparison with the controls. The decrease in GM-CSF level in the CSF of patients with viral meningitis can be explained by a disproportionate increase in the levels of cytokines IL-10, IFN-γ, and IL-4, which inhibit the GM-CSF expression, whereas IL-1, IL-6, and TNF activate it. These observations suggest an additional approach for differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral meningitis based on the normalized ratio IL-10/IL-1β and IL-10/TNF > 1, as well as on the ratio IFN-γ/IL-1β and IFN-γ/ TNF < 0.1. Our findings extend the panel of promising clinical and diagnostic biomarkers of viral and bacterial meningitis and reveal opposite changes in the cytokine expression in meningitis due to compensatory action of proand antiinflammatory factors

Kinetics of domain structure in KTiOPO4 crystals

The equipment of the Ural Center for Shared Use “Modern Nanotechnology” UrFU was used. The research was made possible by RFBR (16-02-00724 a) and by Government of the Russian Federation (Act 211, Agreement 02.A03.21.0006)

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ СОСТАВА СТЕНОВОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ИНКАПСУЛИРОВАННОГО ОРЕХОВОГО МАСЛА НА СТРУКТУРУ И КАЧЕСТВО МОЛОЧНОЙ ПОМАДЫ

Milk fondant has a great potential to be used as a universal semi-finished product in production of candy bodies, filling for caramel and icing for cakes and pastries. Milk fondant mass is made of sugar, molasses, condensed milk and butter. The aim of this research was to improve the formulation and technology of milk fondant by enriching it with liquid vegetable oil in casings made of protein-polysaccharide mixtures (PPS) and to assess the effect of composition of the wall material of encapsulated walnut oil on the quality and structure of milk fondant. Research and analysis of candy mass recipes have been carried out and linear relationships have been revealed between sugary and protein-fat components, which make it possible to create new recipes with the replacement of ineffective ones with functional components, to control the quality, structure and cost of the product. Effect of the nature of protein base of the emulsion gel on the quality of the candy fondant mass has been studied. It has been determined that the emulsifying and foaming ability of PPS affects the density of the candy mass and creates an emulsion-foam structure in the liquid phase of the fondant, which, in turn, affects the particle size distribution of the solid phase of the fondant. The role of polysaccharides in the wall material of the emulsion gel has been established, which is associated with increased water absorption capacity (gum arabic, carboxymethyl cellulose), and, as a consequence, increased moisture content of the fondant mass. It was revealed that РPS form a gel structure in a continuous medium, which also affects the nucleation and growth of sucrose crystals. In addition, polysaccharides such as carboxymethyl cellulose lose water during storage and can be the nucleus for the crystallization of sucrose. Conducted tomographic studies of the experimental fondant masses structure confirm that they have small crystals and inclusions of air. So, in the control sample, the volume fraction of air was 6 %, and in the experimental fondant masses based on soy protein isolate (SPI) and dry milk whey (DMW) – 9 % and 5 %, respectively. It can be concluded that improvement of the recipe composition and technology of milk fondant leads not only to an improvement in the nutritional value, structure, shelf life and expansion of the functionality of the candy masses, but also to its cost and production time reduction.Молочная помада обладает большим потенциалом для использования в качестве универсального полуфабриката в производстве корпусов конфет, начинки для карамели и глазури для тортов и пирожных. Молочную помадную массу приготавливают из сахара, патоки, сгущенного молока и сливочного масла. Цель работы – совершенствование рецептуры и технологии молочной помады путем обогащения жидким растительным маслом в оболочках из белок-полисахаридных смесей (БПС) и оценка влияния состава стенового материала инкапсулированного орехового масла на качество и структуру молочной помады. Проведены исследования и анализ рецептур конфетных масс, выявлены линейные взаимосвязи между сахаристыми и белок-жировыми компонентами, позволяющие создавать новые рецептуры с заменой малоэффективных на функциональные компоненты, управлять качеством, структурой и себестоимостью продукта. Изучено влияние природы белковой основы эмульсионного геля на качество конфетной помадной массы. Установлено, что эмульгирующая и пенообразующая способность БПС влияет на плотность конфетной массы и создает в жидкой фазе помады эмульсионно-пенную структуру, которая, в свою очередь, оказывает влияние на гранулометрический состав твердой фазы помады. Установлена роль полисахаридов в стеновом материале эмульсионного геля, что связано с повышенной водопоглотительной способностью (гуммиарабика, карбоксиметилцеллюлозы) и, как следствие, повышенной влажностью помадной массы. Выявлено, что БПС образуют гелевую структуру в сплошной среде, что также влияет на зарождение и рост кристаллов сахарозы. Кроме того, такие полисахариды, как карбоксиметилцеллюлозы, в процессе хранения теряют воду и могут являться зародышем для кристаллизации сахарозы. Томографические исследования структуры опытных помадных масс подтвердили, что они имеют мелкие кристаллы и включения воздуха. Так, в контрольном образце объемная доля воздуха составила 6 %, а в опытных помадных массах на основе изолята белка сои (ИБС) и сухой молочной сыворотки (СМС) – 9 и 5 % соответственно. Можно заключить, что совершенствование рецептурного состава и технологии молочной помады приводит не только к улучшению пищевой ценности, структуры, сроков годности и расширению функциональности конфетных масс, но и к ее удешевлению и сокращению времени на производство

C-H/C-H COUPLING OF 4H-IMIDAZOLE-3 OXIDES WITH INDOLES IN THE SYNTHESIS OF BIFUNCTIONAL AZAHETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES

The study was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Science Foundation as a part of a research project 20-43-01004