Binary-stripped Stars as Core-collapse Supernovae Progenitors

Most massive stars experience binary interactions in their lifetimes that can alter both the surface and core structure of the stripped star with significant effects on their ultimate fate as core-collapse supernovae. However, core-collapse supernovae simulations to date have focused almost exclusively on the evolution of single stars. We present a systematic simulation study of single and binary-stripped stars with the same initial mass as candidates for core-collapse supernovae (11–21 M⊙). Generally, we find that binary-stripped stars core tend to have a smaller compactness parameter, with a more prominent, deeper silicon/oxygen interface, and explode preferentially to the corresponding single stars of the same initial mass. Such a dichotomy of behavior between these two modes of evolution would have important implications for supernovae statistics, including the final neutron star masses, explosion energies, and nucleosynthetic yields. Binary-stripped remnants are also well poised to populate the possible mass gap between the heaviest neutron stars and the lightest black holes. Our work presents an improvement along two fronts, as we self-consistently account for the pre-collapse stellar evolution and the subsequent explosion outcome. Even so, our results emphasize the need for more detailed stellar evolutionary models to capture the sensitive nature of explosion outcome

Structure and Morphology Effects on the Optical Properties of Bimetallic Nanoparticle Films Laser Deposited on a Glass Substrate

Moving nanosecond laser system is used for laser-assisted thermodiffusion deposition of metallic nanoparticles from water-based colloidal solutions. The results obtained for both gold and silver nanoparticles show that film morphology strongly depends on laser scanning speed and the number of passages. We show, furthermore, the possibility of producing bimetallic Au:Ag thin films by laser irradiation of the mixed solutions. As a result of several laser scans, granular nanometric films are found to grow with a well-controlled composition, thickness, and morphology. By changing laser scanning parameters, film morphology can be varied from island structures to quasi-periodic arrays. The optical properties of the deposited structures are found to depend on the film composition, thickness, and mean separation between the particles. The transparency spectra of the deposited films are shown to be defined by their morphology

Optimization of nanoantenna-enhanced terahertz emission from photoconductive antennas

We present the results of hybrid photoconductive antenna THz emission enhanced by silver nanoantenna arrays. By varying the size of nanoantennas and the distance between them, we obtain the greatest value of optical-to-THz conversion efficiency reached so far. The results of experimental investigations are in a good agreement with numerical simulations. The conversion efficiency reveals over 5-fold improvement at certain frequencies, if compared with similar photoconductive antenna without silver nanoparticles, while previous results for this type of antenna barely exceeded 2-fold conversion efficiency gain

PSYCHOLOGICAL CRITERIA FOR VIOLENCE RISK ASSESSMENT OF INSANE PERSONS

The authors analyze the contribution of individual psychological characteristics to the genesis of dangerous behavior of insane persons. The author’s definition of insanity is given. Early maladaptive schemes and dysfunctional modes of their functioning were selected as the analyzed psychological criteria. The correlation of schemes and regimes included in the research hypothesis with the level of public danger of persons recognized as insane is established.Анализируется вклад индивидуально-психологических особенностей в генез общественно-опасного поведения лиц, признанных невменяемыми. Дается авторское определение невменяемости. В качестве анализируемых психологических критериев выбраны ранние дезадаптивные схемы и дисфункциональные режимы их функционирования. Устанавливается корреляция вошедших в гипотезу исследования схем и режимов с уровнем общественной опасности лиц, признанных невменяемыми

Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: updates and perspectives

The article discusses modern approaches and features of management, as well as predicting the risk of complications in patients with cardiac arrhythmias, in particular, atrial fibrillation, and the potential of using conservative and interventional treatment methods for heart failure (HF), taking into account updates and achievements in clinical practice. Epidemiological data, algorithms for managing patients with HF and atrial fibrillation, prevention of thromboembolic events, results of studies comparing the effectiveness of different strategies for atrial fibrillation treatment, catheter ablation compared with drug therapy in patients with HF are presented

IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by human glioma cells proliferating after Gamma-knife irradiation

One of the modern methods of treating patients with primary and recurrent brain tumors is radiosurgical irradiation using Gamma Knife, which allows therapeutic doses to be delivered to tumors not exceeding 2.5 cm in diameter in 1–2 sessions. Tumor cells on the periphery of this tissue volume that receive lower radiation doses can resume proliferation and serve as a source of recurrence. The increase of radiation dose may cause necroses formation and a worsening prognosis. The properties of glioblastoma cells that survive and resume proliferation long after stereotactic irradiation are still poorly known. The aim of the work was to evaluate the expression of IL-6 and IL-8 by glioblastoma A172, R1, T2, and T98G cell lines that resumed proliferation after sublethal Gamma Knife irradiation. Cells were irradiated once at doses ranging from 6 to 16 Gy, and then cultured for 40 days. Cell number was counted weekly; lethal and sublethal irradiation doses for each glioblastoma cell line were determined. In cultures descendant from proliferation of single most resistant cells, the level of IL-6 and IL-8 secretion after 96 hours cultivation (ng/1000 cells) was determined by ELISA. The cells of all four glioblastoma lines secreted IL-6 and IL-8 into culture medium. The highest production of cytokines, never before demonstrated for glioblastomas, was discovered in R1 cells. Glioblastoma T2 also had high interleukin production levels. In contrast to these lines, glioblastoma A172 (highly sensitive to the action of cytostatic drugs and radiation) secreted IL-6 at 30 times lower level than R1 cells. Glioblastoma T98G (highly resistant to the action of cytostatic drugs and radiation) also exhibited low interleukins production level. R1, T2, and T98G glioblastoma cells that resumed proliferation after irradiation had increased secretion of IL-6 and, to a lesser extent, IL-8. The dependence of cytokine production increase on irradiation dose for these cells was not linear. In contrast, A172 cells reduced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion under irradiation. The multidirectional changes in IL-6 and IL-8 production by cells of different glioblastoma lines were long-term and persisted for more than a month. The presented results cast doubt on the possibility to use IL-6 and IL-8 production by glioblastoma cells as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis, therapy monitoring as well as prognostic markers of the disease course

ОЦЕНКА ФУНКЦИИ ПРАВЫХ ОТДЕЛОВ СЕРДЦА МЕТОДОМ ТКАНЕВОЙ ДОППЛЕРОГРАФИИ У БОЛЬНЫХ ХРОНИЧЕСКОЙ ОБСТРУКТИВНОЙ БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ЛЕГКИХ

The aim of this study was to investigate the right heart function in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD).Methods. The study involved 25 patients with moderate COPD, 11 patients with severe COPD and 20 healthy controls. Lung function testing and echocardiography were performed in all the patients.Results. Reliable features of the right heart structural remodeling were found in both patient groups. Doppler spectrum of the tricuspid flow demonstrated the right ventricle diastolic dysfunction, evaluation of amplitude and tricuspid annulus motion velocity showed a reduction in the right heart global productivity, analysis of haemodynamic parameters diagnosed moderate pre-capillary pulmonary hypertension in both patient groups.Conclusion. The global longitudinal (systolodiastolic) right heart dysfunction was found in COPD patients with moderate capillary pulmonary hypertension. The most reliable diagnostic method was tissue Doppler-echocardiographyС помощью исследования функции внешнего дыхания и анализа данных эхокардиографии изучалось состояние правых отделов сердца (ПОС) у больных хронической обструктивной болезнью легких (ХОБЛ) среднетяжелого (1-я группа; n = 25) и тяжелого (2-я группа; n = 11) течения по сравнению со здоровыми лицами (n = 20). У больных обеих групп выявлены достоверные признаки структурного ремоделирования ПОС, а также: на основании допплеровского спектра транстрикуспидального потока – признаки диастолической дисфункции правого желудочка (ПЖ); на основании оценки амплитуды и скорости перемещения трикуспидального кольца – снижение общей производительности ПЖ; при анализе гемодинамических параметров – умеренная прекапиллярная легочная гипертензия. У больных ХОБЛ на фоне умеренно выраженной прекапиллярной легочной гипертензии выявляется глобальная продольная (систолодиастолическая) дисфункция ПЖ, более достоверно диагностируемая при использовании метода тканевой импульсной допплерографии

ПРОФИЛАКТИКА РАДИАЦИОННОГО КАНЦЕРОГЕНЕЗА У КРЫС С ПОМОЩЬЮ ПРОИЗВОДНОГО ОКСИПИРИДИНОВ – ГЛУТАПИРОНА

In experiments on rats (290 animals ) exposed to chronic γ-radiation in the total dose of 10.0 Gy it was detected that prescription of synthetic pharmaceutical of the dihydropyridine class-glutapyrone-together with drinking water during 6 months reduced the rate of malignant neoplasms from 26,5% in the control group to 13% in the treated animals. In radiation-exposed rats that received glutapyrone there was a narrowing of spectrum of the emerged neoplasms (connectively-tissual tumors only) as compared to the animals of the radiated control group, where blastomas of epithelium and lymphoid origin were also revealed. Low toxicity of glutapyrone and its anticarcinogenic action show the possibility of practical application of preparation for prevention radiation carcinogenesis.  В опыте на 290 крысах линии Вистар, подвергнутых хроническому гамма-облучению в дозе 10 Гр, показано, что назначение животным с питьевой водой препарата из класса дигидропиридинов глутапирона в течение 6 мес. снижает выход злокачественных новообразований с 26,5% в контроле до 13% в опыте. У облученных крыс, получавших глутапирон, были диагностированы только соединительнотканные опухоли, у контрольных животных – также и опухоли эпителиального и лимфоидного происхождения. Антиканцерогенная активность глутапирона и его низкая токсичность свидетельствуют о возможности практического применения препарата для профилактики радиационного канцерогенеза