Gate Stack Dielectric Degradation of Rare-Earth Oxides Grown on High Mobility Ge Substrates

We report on the dielectric degradation of Rare-Earth Oxides (REOs), when used as interfacial buffer layers together with HfO2 high-k films (REOs/HfO2) on high mobility Ge substrates. Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) devices with these stacks,show dissimilar charge trapping phenomena under varying levels of Constant- Voltage-Stress (CVS) conditions, which also influences the measured densities of the interface (Nit) and border (NBT) traps. In the present study we also report on C-Vg hysteresis curves related to Nit and NBT. We also propose a new model based on Maxwell-Wagner instabilities mechanism that explains the dielectric degradations (current decay transient behavior) of the gate stack devices grown on high mobility substrates under CVS bias from low to higher fields, and which is unlike to those used for other MOS devices. Finally, the time dependent degradation of the corresponding devices revealed an initial current decay due to relaxation, followed by charge trapping and generation of stress-induced leakage which eventually lead to hard breakdown after long CVS stressing.Comment: 19pages (double space), 7 figures, original research article, Submitted to JAP (AIP

Structure of the Deformed 7075 Aircraft Al - Alloy with Material Analysis Using Diffraction (MAUD)

This work aims to study the effect of plastic deformation on the 7075 Al - alloy using Material Analyses Using Diffraction (MAUD). Plastic deformation produces dislocation defects. Using a hydraulic press, samples were deformed up to 25%. The XRD was measured for each degree of deformation. The MAUD program was used to analyze the data, and mathematical methods were deployed to understand the various behaviors observed. The lattice parameter, crystallite size, average internal stress, micro-strain, and dislocation density of the 7075Al-alloy were calculated. As the deformation degree increased, there was a progressive decline in the crystallite size as an increase in the micro-strain and dislocation density. The flow stress changes from 5.8 to 49 MPa and the stored dislocation energy varies from 2.62 to 185 kPa

Forecasting wind speed data by using a combination of ARIMA model with single exponential smoothing

Wind serves as natural resources as the solution to minimize global warming and has been commonly used to produce electricity. Because of their uncontrollable wind characteristics, wind speed forecasting is considered one of the best challenges in developing power generation. The Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Simple Exponential Smoothing (SES) and a hybrid model combination of ARIMA and SES will be used in this study to predict the wind speed. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) and the root mean square error (RMSE) are used as measurement of efficiency. The hybrid model provides a positive outcome for predicting wind speed compare to the single model of ARIMA and SES

Pelaksanaan Tugas Bellboy Pada Front Office Department Di Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru

This research aimed to implementation of bellboy duty of front office department at Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru. This research aims : (1) to know show the bellboy duty implementation of front office department at Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru, (2) to knows the resistance of bellboy duty implementation of front office department at Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru. sample in this research are the Front Office Manager, Assistant Front Office Manager and Supervisor Front Office Department Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru as an key informan. This research uses descriptive method to clarify the issues raised in this research. sample in this research are the Front Office Manager, Assistant Front Office Manager and Supervisor Front Office Department Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru as an key informan. This research uses descriptive method to clarify the issues raised in this research. the results of this research indicate that based on the research results obtained on bellboy duty implementation of front office department at Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru could be good enough. this is proved by the result of observation and interview was doing by researcher. the results of this research indicate that based on the research results obtained on bellboy duty implementation of front office department at Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru could be good enough. this is proved by the result of observation and interview was doing by researcher. constraints implementation of bellboy duty of front office department at Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru: (1)Bellboy Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru have to increase their ability on service quality. (2) Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru still have problems to do the bellboy implementation, such as languange problems, rolling system and tools system. constraints implementation of bellboy duty of front office department at Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru: (1)Bellboy Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru have to increase their ability on service quality. (2) Grand Central Hotel Pekanbaru still have problems to do the bellboy implementation, such as languange problems, rolling system and tools system. Keyword : Implementation, Bellboy, Front Office, Front Office Department, Front Office Manager, Assisten Front Office Manager, Job Description Keyword : Implementation, Bellboy, Front Office, Front Office Department, Front Office Manager, Assisten Front Office Manager, Job Descriptio

Inovasi Teknologi Biohidrogen Dari Limbah Biomasa Ke Energi Listrik Dengan Teknologi Fuel-cell

Enterobacter aerogenes ADH-43, Bacillus pumillus Asp-8 and co-culture of bothmicroorganism was inoculated and fermented by using molasses as by product ofsugar factory, sugar starch, and glycerol as by product of biodiesel into hydrogen gas(H2). Both producing double mutant bacteria as a facultative anaerobe and who wasobtained by classical mutagenetically treated in order to enhance H2 producing. Wehave obtained that E. aerogenes ADH-43 has highest ability for molasses fermentation,and the volume H2 reached 4,0 l H2/l molasses.The fermentation was carried out in 50ml vial bootle, 37 oC, pH 5.8 and 20 hrs. Optimization of molasses concentration wasperformed in order to study the inhibition, and finally, 2 % of molasses was found. Toenhance the yield and H2 flow rate, the fed-batch system was applied into 6 l StirredTank Fermentor (STR). Innitial volume 2 l of medium was fermented, 1 l fresh mediumwas added into reactor at 6 and 9 hrs of fermentation time. Finally the achieved volumeH2 was 6,5 l H2/l molasses, the remained molases was 0,2 %, and the fermentationtime could be prolonged 4 hrs compare to bacth fermentation. We have also found therelationship between the H2 evolution rate and the voltage of electrical formed whenwe connected into 7 stack of fuel-cell

Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Lay Up Shoot Bola Basket Melalui Media Youtube Tutorial Teman Sebaya Pada Siswa Smpn 5 Kota Bengkulu

Untuk mengetahui sejauh mana peningkatan hasil belajar Lay Up Shoot bola basket melalui media Youtube Tutorial teman sebaya pada Siswa SMPN 5 Kota Bengkulu. Desain penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas dengan prosedur penelitian melalui; perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X A SMPN 5 Kota Bengkulu yang berjumlah 36 siswa. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu tes lay up shoot dan lembar observasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media youtube tutorial teman sebaya sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar lay up shoot  pada permainan bola basket di SMPN 5 Kota Bengkulu. Peningkatan hasil belajar lay up shoot pada permainan bola basket menggunakan media youtube tutorial teman sebaya yaitu dengan nilai rata-rata 70,27 di siklus I meningkat menjadi 80,55 di siklus II. 2) Selain meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran, metode tutorial teman sebaya direkomendasikan untuk membantu guru dalam menumbuhkan kegembiraan dan kesenangan pada siswa dalam situasi kompetitif serta mampu memotivasi siswa dalam belajar

Accounting for Watershed Management Services in the Forest Reserves of Osun State, Nigeria

The role of forests in watershed productivity has been a subject of serious concern at various forums. The significance of forests in watersheds is evidenced by the prevention of siltation of water bodies as well as maintenance of water quality. In Osun state-Nigeria, the main services carried out by the watershed is domestic, industrial and community water supply, not much of navigation is possible. Thus, it was aimed to evaluate the contributions of forest reserves of Osun state-Nigeria to watershed management. Primary and secondary data were adopted in the study. The relationship between decline in forest holdings and water supply was examined; the contingent valuation of forest contributions to watershed was undertaken; and the mean WTP was extrapolated over the population to arrive at the total value of watershed service of forests as a guide to determining the accounting value to take for depreciation or accretion. Results showed that there was a strong relationship between both variables. Furthermore, the mean value of WTP is ?3,623.29 and the total value is ?12.40 billion. This value provides a basis for accounting for annual costing of services consumed. It was concluded that deforestation has adverse effect on watershed services and its value will enhance accountability and well informed decisions towards sustainability. Keywords: Accounting, Watershed, Forests, Contingent Valuation