Environmental and Health Disparities in Appalachian Ohio: Perceptions and Realities

Background. Appalachia is a region of the United States that faces significant environmental and health disparities. Understanding these disparities and the social determinants that contribute to them will help public health practitioners make better decisions. The purpose of this research is two-fold. First, through secondary data analysis, we document environmental and health disparities as well as demographic and economic conditions that may contribute to these disparities between Appalachian and non-Appalachian Ohio. Second, we examine perceptions of environmental health practitioners about the differences in environmental conditions between Appalachian and non-Appalachian Ohio. Methods. We gathered secondary data about economics, health, and the environment from the Ohio Department of Health, Healthy Ohio Community Profiles, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the U.S. Census. In addition, we conducted an online survey of 76 environmental health professionals across Ohio. Results. The secondary data indicates that there are significant differences between Appalachian and non-Appalachian Ohio in terms of socioeconomic, health, and environmental indicators. In addition, environmental health professionals perceive worse environmental conditions in the Appalachian region and indicate that there are environmental and health disparities found in this part of the state that do not exist elsewhere. Conclusions. The results contribute to understanding environmental and health conditions that contribute to health disparities in the Appalachian region as well as suggest approaches for public health practitioners to reduce these disparities

On the particle paths and the stagnation points in small-amplitude deep-water waves

In order to obtain quite precise information about the shape of the particle paths below small-amplitude gravity waves travelling on irrotational deep water, analytic solutions of the nonlinear differential equation system describing the particle motion are provided. All these solutions are not closed curves. Some particle trajectories are peakon-like, others can be expressed with the aid of the Jacobi elliptic functions or with the aid of the hyperelliptic functions. Remarks on the stagnation points of the small-amplitude irrotational deep-water waves are also made.Comment: to appear in J. Math. Fluid Mech. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1106.382

Special studies of AROD system concepts and designs

Signal to noise ratios in airborne range and orbit determination system, and carrier and range loop performance analyse

Soil salinization in marshes : study case: Samborombón Bay wetland, Argentina

En el sector sur de la Bahía de Samborombón (Buenos Aires, Argentina) se desarrolla una extensa marisma que forma un humedal intermareal. En ella se realizaron distintas obras de ingeniería con el fin de evitar el ingreso del flujo mareal y lograr una mayor extensión del área de pastoreo. El objetivo del trabajo es evaluar si la regulación de los flujos mareales ocasiona una modificación en el contenido de cloruros en los sedimentos superficiales, afectando la salinidad de los suelos del humedal. Se realizaron interpretaciones de imágenes satelitales, relevamientos de campo, muestreos de sedimentos y mediciones de niveles y conductividad eléctrica del agua superficial y subterránea. Los resultados obtenidos permitieron reconocer cómo las obras de ingeniería (terraplenes de contención y caminos internos) alteran el comportamiento hidrológico natural y en consecuencia el contenido de cloruros en el sedimento. Problemas de salinización de suelos se reconocen en sectores donde el agua mareal se acumula y luego se evapora formando precipitados de halita. Las futuras obras deberán planificarse de forma tal de minimizar la alteración de los flujos de agua con el fin de lograr un manejo sustentable de los recursos naturales en el humedal.The southern sector of the Samborombón Bay (Buenos Aires, Argentina) is an extensive marsh that is associated with an intertidal wetland environment. Different engineering works were built to avoid tidal inflow and to increase the livestock grazing areas. The objective of this work is to assess if the regulation of tidal inflow causes a chloride content change in the surface sediments, affecting the soil salinity of the wetland. Interpretation of satellite images, field surveys, sampling of sediments, and electrical conductivity and levels measurements of surface and groundwater were carried out. The results allowed us to recognize how engineering works (embankments and internal roads) alter the natural hydrological behavior, and, therefore the chloride content in the sediment. Soil salinization problems are recognized in areas where the tidal water accumulates and then evaporates forming halite precipitates. Future engineering works should be planned so as to minimize the alteration of the water flow in order to achieve a sustainable management of natural resources in the wetland.Fil: Carol, Eleonora S.. Universidad Nacional de La PlataFil: Kruse, Eduardo E.. Universidad Nacional de La PlataFil: Cellone, Francisco A.. Universidad Nacional de La Plat

Ab-initio shell model with a core

We construct effective 2- and 3-body Hamiltonians for the p-shell by performing 12\hbar\Omega ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations for A=6 and 7 nuclei and explicitly projecting the many-body Hamiltonians onto the 0\hbar\Omega space. We then separate these effective Hamiltonians into 0-, 1- and 2-body contributions (also 3-body for A=7) and analyze the systematic behavior of these different parts as a function of the mass number A and size of the NCSM basis space. The role of effective 3- and higher-body interactions for A>6 is investigated and discussed

Restricted Access: Work Trends Survey of Employers About People with Disabilities

This report, Restricted Access: A Survey of Employers About People With Disabilities and Lowering Barriers to Work, surveys the nation's employers regarding their views on people with disabilities in the workplace, the accommodation of these workers, and policy strategies needed to increase workplace accessibility for all workers and job seekers. In addition, employers express a significant degree of concern regarding the nation's economy, unemployment rate, and their workers' job security, clearly conveying that the weakened economy continues to weigh on their minds

Wildlife Biologist, Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Denver, Colorado

The abundance of the Mid-Continent Population of Sandhill Cranes has been relatively stable since the early 1980s, compared to the increases that were recorded in the 1970s. The Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska spring index for 2004, uncorrected for visibility bias, was 356,850. The photo-corrected 3-year average for 2001-2003 was 370,300, which is within the established population objective range of 343,000-465,000 cranes. All Central Flyway states, except Nebraska, allowed crane hunting in portions of their respective states during 2003- 04. About 7,700 hunters participated in these seasons, which was similar to the number that participated in the previous year’s seasons. Hunters harvested 18,527 in the Central Flyway during the 2003-04 seasons, which was 42% higher than the harvest for the previous year. The retrieved harvest in the Pacific Flyway, Canada, and Mexico combined was estimated at 13,109 during 2003-04. The preliminary estimate for the North American sport harvest, including crippling losses, was 35,706, which is 28% higher than the previous year’s estimate of 27,839 and the second highest harvest recorded. The long-term (1982-2000) trends for the Mid- Continent Population indicate that harvests have been increasing at a higher rate than population growth. The fall 2003 pre-migration survey estimate for the Rocky Mountain Population was 19,523, which was similar to the previous year’s estimate of 18,803. The 3-year average for 2001-2003 is 18,295, which is within established population objectives of 17,000 - 21,000. Hunting seasons during 2003-04 in portions of Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, resulted in a harvest of 528 cranes, a 17% decrease from the harvest of 639 the year before

Status and Harvests of Sandhill Cranes: Mid-Continent & Rocky Mountain Populations 2005

Annual indices to abundance of the Mid-Continent Population of Sandhill Cranes has been relatively stable since the early 1980s, compared to the increases that were recorded in the 1970s. The Central Platte River Valley, Nebraska spring index for 2005, uncorrected for visibility bias, was 412,000. The photo-corrected 3-year average for 2002-2004 was 363,167, which is within the established population-objective range of 343,000- 465,000 cranes. All Central Flyway states, except Nebraska, allowed crane hunting in portions of their respective states during 2004-05. About 9,300 hunters participated in these seasons, which was 12% higher than the number that participated in the previous year’s seasons. Hunters harvested 15,124 cranes in the U.S. portion of the Central Flyway during the 2004-05 seasons, which was 18% lower than the estimated harvest for the previous year. The retrieved harvest of Mid-Continent Population sandhill cranes in hunt areas for the Rocky Mountain Population of sandhill cranes (Arizona & New Mexico), Alaska, Canada, and Mexico combined was estimated at 14,528 during 2004-05. The preliminary estimate for the North American sport harvest, including crippling losses, was 33,847, which is 5% lower than the previous year’s estimate of 35,671. The long-term (1982-2004) trends for the Mid-Continent Population indicate that harvests have been increasing at a higher rate than population growth. The fall 2004 pre-migration survey estimate for the Rocky Mountain Population was 18,510, which was 5.5% lower than the previous year’s estimate of 19,523. The 3-year average for 2002-2004 is 18,945, which is within established population objectives of 17,000 - 21,000. Hunting seasons during 2004-05 in portions of Arizona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming, resulted in a harvest of 594 cranes, a 13% increase from the harvest of 528 the year before

Robust formation of morphogen gradients

We discuss the formation of graded morphogen profiles in a cell layer by nonlinear transport phenomena, important for patterning developing organisms. We focus on a process termed transcytosis, where morphogen transport results from binding of ligands to receptors on the cell surface, incorporation into the cell and subsequent externalization. Starting from a microscopic model, we derive effective transport equations. We show that, in contrast to morphogen transport by extracellular diffusion, transcytosis leads to robust ligand profiles which are insensitive to the rate of ligand production

Effective operators from exact many-body renormalization

We construct effective two-body Hamiltonians and E2 operators for the p-shell by performing $16\hbar\Omega$ ab initio no-core shell model (NCSM) calculations for A=5 and A=6 nuclei and explicitly projecting the many-body Hamiltonians and E2 operator onto the $0\hbar\Omega$ space. We then separate the effective E2 operator into one-body and two-body contributions employing the two-body valence cluster approximation. We analyze the convergence of proton and neutron valence one-body contributions with increasing model space size and explore the role of valence two-body contributions. We show that the constructed effective E2 operator can be parametrized in terms of one-body effective charges giving a good estimate of the NCSM result for heavier p-shell nuclei.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure