Comparison of Depolarization and Depolarization in Mathematical Models of the Left Ventricle and the Longitudinal Ventricular Slice

Myocardial slices are widely used for cardiac electrophysiology research but correspondence of electrophysiological properties between the cardiac slices and the whole heart has not been studied in details. The aim of this study is to investigate the differences in electrophysiological properties between the left ventricle and the longitudinal ventricular slice passing through the apex using mathematical models. ECG signals and the time of activation and repolarization, repolarization dispersion and dispersion of action potential duration were compared. We have shown that the electrophysiological processes in the ventricle and the longitudinal ventricular slice are quite similar, so we believe that cardiac slices can be used to evaluate global electrophysiological properties of the ventricles. The local differences obtained can be explained by differences in geometry and fiber orientation locally affecting depolarization and repolarization in the myocardium. © 2018 Creative Commons Attribution.Russian Foundation for Basic Research, RFBR: 16-31-60015, 18-31-00401This work was supported by IIF UrB RAS theme #AAAA-A18-118020590031-8, RFE Government Act #211 of March 16, 2013, the Program of the Presidium RAS #27 and RFBR (#16-31-60015, 18-31-00401)

DETERMINANTS AND MODERN PECULIARITIES OF LABOR MIGRATION OF RURAL YOUTH

The problems of rural youth and the state of the information base in the field of state youth policy have been considered. A significant problem of the state youth policy is the lack of a system of analysis and social monitoring of the state of the youth environment. A sample survey has shown high labor mobility of the young rural population of the agrarian republic. It has been installed, that the large-scale outflow of rural youth to the city affects negatively on the development of the agricultural cluster of the republic’s economy, especially those in need of young specialists of different profiles. The negative impact on the socio-economic development of the region can have a permanent decline in the number of rural youth, which will subsequently lead to a reduction in the number of rural population

Development of Education Districts in the Strategy of Strengthening the Axiological Foundations of the Russian Education Space

The article presents an analysis of the specific features of the socio-cultural modernization of education in contemporary Russia and the methodology of the development of the ethno-regional education systems against the background of strengthening the unified education space of Russia. Special attention is paid to the consideration of the strategy of the development of education districts of contemporary Russia as the foundation for building the government vertical of state management in the field of education.As part of the development of organizational and pedagogical resources of risk management of the gap between the scientific and education space of the country, the authors have worked out the idea of setting up scientific and education complexes and developing education districts in the country. This approach meets the objective of improving the quality of higher education in the regions of the country by establishing clear links with regional universities in the most “advanced” areas, organizing scientific and educational activities.Creating education districts serves as the foundation of building up a multicultural education space of the Russian Federation, the resource of lining up control at the federal and regional levels, the formation of a new vector of education policy focused on the preservation and development of a unified, internally differentiated scientific and education space of the country

Effects of Low-Level Laser Irradiation on Mammalian Cell Cultures: Comparative Experimental Studies with Different Types of Lasers at 1260-1270 nm

Abstract: The effects observed under near-infrared laser irradiation of mammalian cells have been demonstrated to depend to a large extent on the type of irradiation source. In our experiments, we have measured concentration of reactive oxygen species in cell cultures of different origin (rodent and human, cancerous and non-cancerous) exposed to the radiation of low-level lasers at 1265 nm. Surprisingly, the radiation effects of narrowband laser occur to be more pronounced compared with those provided by the lasers of broader linewidth. Also, we have found that the aggressive types of cancer require a more accurate selection of irradiation parameters and laser operation regime

Эффективность интравитреального введения ранибизумаба у пациентов с макулярным отеком вследствие окклюзии вен сетчатки и сопутствующей первичной глаукомой

PURPOSE: To study the efficacy of ranibizumab intravitreal injections in patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion and primary glaucoma.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study group included 61 patients with macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion. 27 (44%) patients with macular edema had primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG): 11 (41%) of 27 patients were diagnosed stage I POAG, other 16 (59%) — with stage II. The remaining 34 (56%) of 61 patients with macular edema without POAG comprised a comparison group. All patients underwent a standard ophthalmic examination, spectral optical coherence tomography of the macular zone and the optic nerve head prior to treatment and after the intravitreal injections. We performed ranibizumab intravitreal injections according to the standard protocol. A statistical analysis was conducted.RESULTS: Patients of both study groups showed a significant increase of the best corrected visual acuity compared to baseline and a decrease of both foveal thickness and volume, without a statistically significant difference between groups after intravitreal injections of ranibizumab. We did not register a significant increase in the level of intraocular pressure from baseline, or a decrease of optic nerve head parameters after intravitreal injections of ranibizumab.CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injections of ranibizumab are an effective and safe treatment for macular edema in patients with retinal vein occlusion and POAG.ЦЕЛЬ. Оценить эффективность интравитреального введения ранибизумаба у пациентов с макулярным отеком при окклюзии вен сетчатки на фоне первичной открытоугольной глаукомы (ПОУГ).МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ. В исследование был включен 61 пациент с макулярным отеком (МО) при окклюзии вен сетчатки. Из них у 27 (44%) пациентов МО развился на фоне ПОУГ: I стадии ПОУГ — у 11 (41%) из 27 пациентов, II стадии — у 16 (59%) из 27 пациентов. Другие 34 (56%) из 61 пациента с МО без ПОУГ составили группу сравнения. Всем пациентам было проведено стандартное офтальмологическое исследование, спектральная оптическая когерентная томография макулярной зоны и диска зрительного нерва (ДЗН). Все офтальмологические методы исследования выполнялись до лечения, через 1, 3 и 6 месяцев на фоне интравитреального введения ранибизумаба, которое проводили по стандартной методике в дозировке 0,05 мл (0,5 мг). Был проведен статистический анализ данных.РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ. На фоне интравитреального введения ранибизумаба у пациентов как без сопутствующей ПОУГ, так и у больных с наличием ПОУГ было зарегистрировано достоверное повышение максимально корригируемой остроты зрения от исходных значений, снижение толщины и объема сетчатки в фовеа, без статистически значимой разницы указанных параметров между исследуемыми группами. Достоверного повышения уровня внутриглазного давления от исходных значений на фоне интравитреального введения ранибизумаба в обеих исследуемых группах зарегистрировано также не было. Параметры ДЗН, толщины перипапиллярного слоя нервных волокон и комплекса ганглиозных клеток на фоне терапии ранибизумабом в среднем оставались стабильны.ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ. Интравитреальное введение ранибизумаба является эффективным и безопасным методом лечения МО у пациентов с окклюзией вен сетчатки и сопутствующей ПОУГ

Особенности коклюша в Курской области по данным инфекционного стационара

Despite the high level of vaccination coverage, whooping cough remains a serious health problem worldwide. The aim of the study was to study the features of the course of pertussis in the Kursk region for the period from January 2016 to October 2019. Materials and methods.83 patients aged from 1 month to 28 years with a confirmed diagnosis of pertussis using PCR or ELISA were monitored.Results: Most cases were reported in the summer-autumn period. Among those with whooping cough, children of the first year of life who did not receive or have not completed vaccination against whooping cough due to age, as well as children older than 1 year who were not vaccinated due to their parents ' refusal to vaccinate prevailed. The diagnosis of whooping cough at the prehospital stage is diagnosed only in 1/3 of cases. Among the clinical forms, combined with the nature of hematological changes, the typical course of pertussis prevailed, which was more severe significantly more often in the group of unvaccinated children of the first year of life.Conclusion. For diagnostics, it is advisable to use PCR as a high-precision and more informative method in comparison with bacteriological research. Currently, there is still a need to develop current vaccination programs and popularize vaccination against pertussis among various population groups, which can serve as a factor in reducing the incidence in the Kursk region. Несмотря на высокий уровень охвата вакцинацией, коклюш остается серьезной проблемой здравоохранения во всем мире.Целью исследования было изучить особенности течения коклюша в Курской области за период с января 2016 по октябрь 2019 гг.Материалы и методы. Под наблюдением находилось 83 пациента в возрасте от 1 месяца до 28 лет с подтвержденным диагнозом коклюша методами ПЦР или ИФА.Результаты: Большинство случаев заболевания отмечалось в летне-осенний период. Среди заболевших коклюшем преобладали дети первого года жизни, не получившие вакцину или с не завершенной вакцинацией против коклюша в силу возраста, а также дети старше 1 года, не привитые из-за отказа родителей от вакцинации. Диагноз коклюш на догоспитальном этапе диагностирован только в 1/3 случаев. Среди клинических форм  преобладали формы с типичным тяжелым течением коклюша, которые  достоверно чаще встречались в группе не вакцинированных детей первого года жизни. Заключение. Для диагностики целесообразно использовать ПЦР как высокоточный и более информативный метод в сравнении с бактериологическим исследованием. В настоящее время сохраняется потребность в разработке актуальных программ вакцинопрофилактики и популяризации вакцинации против коклюша среди различных групп населения, что может послужить фактором снижения заболеваемости в Курской области.

Do Fleas Affect Energy Expenditure of Their Free-Living Hosts?

Parasites can cause energetically costly behavioural and immunological responses which potentially can reduce host fitness. However, although most laboratory studies indicate that the metabolic rate of the host increases with parasite infestation, this has never been shown in free-living host populations. In fact, studies thus far have shown no effect of parasitism on field metabolic rate (FMR).We tested the effect of parasites on the energy expenditure of a host by measuring FMR using doubly-labelled water in free-living Baluchistan gerbils (Gerbillus nanus) infested by naturally occurring fleas during winter, spring and summer. We showed for the first time that FMR of free-living G. nanus was significantly and positively correlated with parasite load in spring when parasite load was highest; this relationship approached significance in summer when parasite load was lowest but was insignificant in winter. Among seasons, winter FMRs were highest and summer FMRs were lowest in G. nanus.The lack of parasite effect on FMR in winter could be related to the fact that FMR rates were highest among seasons. In this season, thermoregulatory costs are high which may indicate that less energy could be allocated to defend against parasites or to compensate for other costly activities. The question about the cost of parasitism in nature is now one of the major themes in ecological physiology. Our study supports the hypothesis that parasites can elevate FMR of their hosts, at least under certain conditions. However, the effect is complex and factors such as season and parasite load are involved

Catalog of Galactic Beta Cephei Stars

We present an extensive and up-to-date catalog of Galactic Beta Cephei stars. This catalog is intended to give a comprehensive overview of observational characteristics of all known Beta Cephei stars. 93 stars could be confirmed to be Beta Cephei stars. For some stars we re-analyzed published data or conducted our own analyses. 61 stars were rejected from the final Beta Cephei list, and 77 stars are suspected to be Beta Cephei stars. A list of critically selected pulsation frequencies for confirmed Beta Cephei stars is also presented. We analyze the Beta Cephei stars as a group, such as the distributions of their spectral types, projected rotational velocities, radial velocities, pulsation periods, and Galactic coordinates. We confirm that the majority of these stars are multiperiodic pulsators. We show that, besides two exceptions, the Beta Cephei stars with high pulsation amplitudes are slow rotators. We construct a theoretical HR diagram that suggests that almost all 93 Beta Cephei stars are MS objects. We discuss the observational boundaries of Beta Cephei pulsation and their physical parameters. We corroborate that the excited pulsation modes are near to the radial fundamental mode in frequency and we show that the mass distribution of the stars peaks at 12 solar masses. We point out that the theoretical instability strip of the Beta Cephei stars is filled neither at the cool nor at the hot end and attempt to explain this observation

p-Adic Mathematical Physics

A brief review of some selected topics in p-adic mathematical physics is presented.Comment: 36 page

Structural atlas of a human gut crassvirus

CrAssphage and related viruses of the order Crassvirales (hereafter referred to as crassviruses) were originally discovered by cross-assembly of metagenomic sequences. They are the most abundant viruses in the human gut, are found in the majority of individual gut viromes, and account for up to 95% of the viral sequences in some individuals 1-4. Crassviruses are likely to have major roles in shaping the composition and functionality of the human microbiome, but the structures and roles of most of the virally encoded proteins are unknown, with only generic predictions resulting from bioinformatic analyses 4,5. Here we present a cryo-electron microscopy reconstruction of Bacteroides intestinalis virus ΦcrAss001 6, providing the structural basis for the functional assignment of most of its virion proteins. The muzzle protein forms an assembly about 1 MDa in size at the end of the tail and exhibits a previously unknown fold that we designate the 'crass fold', that is likely to serve as a gatekeeper that controls the ejection of cargos. In addition to packing the approximately 103 kb of virus DNA, the ΦcrAss001 virion has extensive storage space for virally encoded cargo proteins in the capsid and, unusually, within the tail. One of the cargo proteins is present in both the capsid and the tail, suggesting a general mechanism for protein ejection, which involves partial unfolding of proteins during their extrusion through the tail. These findings provide a structural basis for understanding the mechanisms of assembly and infection of these highly abundant crassviruses