5,442 research outputs found
Fixed-optics four-dimensional emittance measurement at the Spallation Neutron Source
A hadron beam with a uniform charge density, elliptical transverse profile,
and small four-dimensional (4D) emittance could mitigate space charge effects
in circular accelerators and improve collider performance. A phase space
painting method to generate such a distribution is being tested in the
Spallation Neutron Source (SNS) accumulator ring. A critical component of these
efforts is to measure the 4D emittance of the beam. Reconstruction of the 4D
emittance from wire-scanner data is a well-known technique. In this paper, we
discuss the implementation of a variant of the multi-optics method using the
four available wire-scanners near the SNS target, as well as the modification
of the wire-scanner region to utilize the fixed-optics method, a method that is
preferred due to its speed but can potentially lead to unacceptable bias and
uncertainty in the reconstructed emittances. We then demonstrate the usefulness
of the fixed-optics method by reconstructing the 4D emittance as a function of
time during accumulation in the SNS ring
Remarks on NonHamiltonian Statistical Mechanics: Lyapunov Exponents and Phase-Space Dimensionality Loss
The dissipation associated with nonequilibrium flow processes is reflected by
the formation of strange attractor distributions in phase space. The
information dimension of these attractors is less than that of the equilibrium
phase space, corresponding to the extreme rarity of nonequilibrium states. Here
we take advantage of a simple model for heat conduction to demonstrate that the
nonequilibrium dimensionality loss can definitely exceed the number of
phase-space dimensions required to thermostat an otherwise Hamiltonian system.Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, minor typos correcte
The Extended Range X-Ray Telescope center director's discretionary fund report
An Extended Range X-Ray Telescope (ERXRT) of high sensitivity and spatial resolution capable of functioning over a broad region of the X-ray/XUV portion of the spectrum has been designed and analyzed. This system has been configured around the glancing-incidence Wolter Type I X-ray mirror system which was flown on the Skylab Apollo Telescope Mount as ATM Experiment S-056. Enhanced sensitivity over a vastly broader spectral range can be realized by the utilization of a thinned, back-illuminated, buried-channel Charge Coupled Device (CCD) as the X-ray/XUV detector rather than photographic film. However, to maintain the high spatial resolution inherent in the X-ray optics when a CCD of 30 micron pixel size is used, it is necessary to increase the telescope plate scale. This can be accomplished by use of a glancing-incidence X-ray microscope to enlarge and re-focus the primary image onto the focal surface of the CCD
How You Can Work To Increase The Presence And Improve The Experience Of Black, Latinx, And Native American People In The Economics Profession
Recently in economics there has been discussion of how to increase diversity in the profession and how to improve the work life of diverse peoples. We conducted surveys and interviews with Black, Latinx and Native American people. These groups have long been underrepresented in the economics profession. Participants were at various stages along the economics career trajectory, or on the trajectory no longer, and used their lived experience to reflect on what helps and hurts underrepresented minorities in economics. We heard a few consistent themes: bias, hostile climate, and the lack of information and good mentoring among them. Respondents\u27 insights and experience point toward action steps that you can take today to increase the presence and improve the work life of underrepresented minorities in the economics profession
Logarithmic oscillators: ideal Hamiltonian thermostats
A logarithmic oscillator (in short, log-oscillator) behaves like an ideal
thermostat because of its infinite heat capacity: when it weakly couples to
another system, time averages of the system observables agree with ensemble
averages from a Gibbs distribution with a temperature T that is given by the
strength of the logarithmic potential. The resulting equations of motion are
Hamiltonian and may be implemented not only in a computer but also with
real-world experiments, e.g., with cold atoms.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. v4: version accepted in Phys. Rev. Let
Comment on the calculation of forces for multibody interatomic potentials
The system of particles interacting via multibody interatomic potential of
general form is considered. Possible variants of partition of the total force
acting on a single particle into pair contributions are discussed. Two
definitions for the force acting between a pair of particles are compared. The
forces coincide only if the particles interact via pair or embedded-atom
potentials. However in literature both definitions are used in order to
determine Cauchy stress tensor. A simplest example of the linear pure shear of
perfect square lattice is analyzed. It is shown that, Hardy's definition for
the stress tensor gives different results depending on the radius of
localization function. The differences strongly depend on the way of the force
definition.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure
Evaluation of a New Nutrition Education Curriculum and Factors Influencing Its Implementation
The study reported here evaluated a nutrition education curriculum through examining participant behavior change. A previously used curriculum (April - September 2005 and 2006) was compared to a new curriculum (April - September 2007) using pre- and post-program 24-hour dietary recalls and food behavior surveys. Participant, educator, and program variables were explored relative to behavior change. The new curriculum elicited behavior change similar to that elicited by the previous curriculum. Factors influencing behavior change included participant and educator race and educator experience. Participant and educator variables should be considered in future program/curriculum implementation
Evaluation of a New Nutrition Education Curriculum and Factors Influencing Its Implementation
The study reported here evaluated a nutrition education curriculum through examining participant behavior change. A previously used curriculum (April - September 2005 and 2006) was compared to a new curriculum (April - September 2007) using pre- and post-program 24-hour dietary recalls and food behavior surveys. Participant, educator, and program variables were explored relative to behavior change. The new curriculum elicited behavior change similar to that elicited by the previous curriculum. Factors influencing behavior change included participant and educator race and educator experience. Participant and educator variables should be considered in future program/curriculum implementation
Phase-Space Metric for Non-Hamiltonian Systems
We consider an invariant skew-symmetric phase-space metric for
non-Hamiltonian systems. We say that the metric is an invariant if the metric
tensor field is an integral of motion. We derive the time-dependent
skew-symmetric phase-space metric that satisfies the Jacobi identity. The
example of non-Hamiltonian systems with linear friction term is considered.Comment: 12 page
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Plastic dislocation motion via nonequilibrium molecular and continuum dynamics
The classical two-dimensional close-packed triangular lattice, with nearest-neighbor spring forces, is a convenient standard material for the investigation of dislocation motion and plastic flow. Two kinds of calculations, based on this standard material, are described here: (1) Molecular Dynamics simulations, incorporating adiabatic strains described with the help of Doll's Tensor, and (2) Continuum Dynamics simulations, incorporating periodic boundaries and dislocation interaction through stress-field superposition
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