Surface functionalisation of nanodiamonds for human neural stem cell adhesion and proliferation.

Biological systems interact with nanostructured materials on a sub-cellular level. These interactions may govern cell behaviour and the precise control of a nanomaterial's structure and surface chemistry allow for a high degree of tunability to be achieved. Cells are surrounded by an extra-cellular matrix with nano-topographical properties. Diamond based materials, and specifically nanostructured diamond has attracted much attention due to its extreme electrical and mechanical properties, chemical inertness and biocompatibility. Here the interaction of nanodiamond monolayers with human Neural Stem Cells (hNSCs) has been investigated. The effect of altering surface functionalisation of nanodiamonds on hNSC adhesion and proliferation has shown that confluent cellular attachment occurs on oxygen terminated nanodiamonds (O-NDs), but not on hydrogen terminated nanodiamonds (H-NDs). Analysis of H and O-NDs by Atomic Force Microscopy, contact angle measurements and protein adsorption suggests that differences in topography, wettability, surface charge and protein adsorption of these surfaces may underlie the difference in cellular adhesion of hNSCs reported here

Validations biologiques et physico-chimiques d'un revêtement cellulosique de boîtes pour cultures cellulaires bioactives.

Surface properties of biomaterials may influence protein adsorption and the composition of the protein layer may affect the morphology and the functional orientations of adherent cells. In this work, both biological and physico-chemical approaches were combined to characterize an original cellulosic coating (CEL) for cell culture and to better understand the interactions involved between a surface, proteins and finally cells. The aim of this multi-disciplinary project is to correlate surface properties (at the micrometric and at the nanometric scale) with biological activations. Three adherent murine cell lines were chosen (fibroblasts Swiss 3T3, pre-osteoblasts MC-3T3 and melanoma cells B16F10). Liquid-liquid contact angle measurements and AFM enabled to characterize the physico-chemical properties of the cellulosic substratum before and after fibronectin adsorption. The principal results obtained with the cellulosic substratum are summerized below: o Cell aggregation, o A cellular proliferation inhibition with a blocking in G1-phase, o An induction of apoptosis, o CEL is hydrophilic and a little amount of fibronectin is adsorbed on the substratum in a conformation which is not appropriate for cell adhesion (bad accessibility to RGD site), o Instantaneous affinity negligible of fibronectin for the cellulosic material. This study evidences that CEL is an anti-adhesive biomaterial which gives reproducible and demonstrative results. Moreover, this work underlines the necessity to combine several approaches (ELISA assays, liquid-liquid contact angle measurements, force spectroscopy) to characterize the interaction between a protein and a biomaterial surface under physiological conditions.Les propriétés de surface des biomatériaux conditionnent l'adsorption des protéines présentes dans l'environnement physiologique. La nature de la couche protéique adsorbée influence la morphologie et les orientations fonctionnelles des cellules adhérentes. Cette thèse a pour objet de combiner une approche biologique et physico-chimique pour caractériser un support cellulosique (CEL) original pour culture cellulaire et mieux comprendre les interactions protéine-surface et cellule-surface. L'objectif de ce projet pluridisciplinaire est de corréler les propriétés de surface avec les activations biologiques. Trois lignées cellulaires adhérentes murines ont été utilisées (les fibroblastes Swiss 3T3, les pré-ostéoblastes MC-3T3 et des cellules de mélanome B16F10). L'utilisation des mesures d'angles de contact en milieu liquide et de l'AFM a permis la caractérisation physico-chimique du substrat avant et après adsorption de fibronectine. Les principaux résultats obtenus pour CEL sont: o L'agrégation cellulaire o L'inhibition de la prolifération cellulaire accompagnée d'un arrêt en phase G1 du cycle cellulaire o L'induction de l'apoptose o Le revêtement est très hydrophile et la fibronectine s'adsorbe peu et dans une conformation inadaptée pour l'adhésion cellulaire (mauvaise accessibilité RGD) o L'affinité instantanée négligeable de la Fn pour le revêtement cellulosique. Cette étude montre que CEL est un biomatériau anti-adhésif donnant des résultats démonstratifs et reproductibles. En outre, cette étude souligne la nécessité d'associer plusieurs approches (ELISA, angles de contact en milieu liquide, spectroscopie de force) pour caractériser les interactions protéine-surface en conditions physiologiques, sur les biomatériaux

Modulating in vitro bone cell and macrophage behavior by immobilized enzymatically tailored pectins

Previous work has reported the results of a multidisciplinary effort producing a proof-of-concept on the use of pectic polysaccharides in the surface modification of medical devices. This study was designed to learn more about the capability of engineered rhamnogalacturonan-I (RG-I) fractions of apple pectin to control bone cell and macrophage behavior. Thermanox® or polystyrene Petri dishes were surface modified with two different modified hairy regions (MHRs) obtained by different enzymatic liquefaction processes of apples differing in relative amounts and lengths of their neutral side chains: (long-haired) MHR- and (short-haired) MHR-B. Bone explants from 14-day-old chick embryos were cultured for 14 days on both pectic substrata. MHR-B promoted cell migration and differentiation, MHR- did not. On MHR-, J774.2 macrophages grew well, their percentage in G1 phase was decreased and in S phase increased, and they did not secrete either proinflammatory-cytokines or nitrites. Contrasting results were gained from macrophages on MHR-B, except for nitrite secretion. Thus, we conclude that coatings from tailored pectins show different biological activities in vitro and are potential innovative candidates for improving the biocompatibility of medical devices in various applications. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 200

Enzymatically-tailored pectins differentially influence the morphology, adhesion, cell cycle progression and survival of fibroblasts

Improved biocompatibility and performance of biomedical devices can be achieved through the incorporation of bioactive molecules on device surfaces. Five structurally distinct pectic polysaccharides (modified hairy regions (MHRs)) were obtained by enzymatic liquefaction of apple (MHR-B, MHR-A and MHR-), carrot (MHR-C) and potato (MHR-P) cells. Polystyrene (PS) Petri dishes, aminated by a plasma deposition process, were surface modified by the covalent linking of the MHRs. Results clearly demonstrate that MHR-B induces cell adhesion, proliferation and survival, in contrast to the other MHRs. Moreover, MHR- causes cells to aggregate, decrease proliferation and enter into apoptosis. Cells cultured in standard conditions with 1% soluble MHR-B or MHR- show the opposite behaviour to the one observed on MHR-B and --grafted PS. Fibronectin was similarly adsorbed onto MHR-B and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) control, but poorly on MHR-. The Fn cell binding site (RGD sequence) was more accessible on MHR-B than on TCPS control, but poorly on MHR-. The disintegrin echistatin inhibited fibroblast adhesion and spreading on MHR-B-grafted PS, which suggests that MHRs control fibroblast behaviour via serum-adhesive proteins. This study provides a basis for the design of intelligently-tailored biomaterial coatings able to induce specific cell functions

Enzymatically-Tailored Pectins Differentially Influence the Morphology, Adhesion, Cell Cycle Progression and Survival of Fibroblasts

Improved biocompatibility and performance of biomedical devices can be achieved through the incorporation of bioactive molecules on device surfaces. Five structurally distinct pectic polysaccharides (modified hairy regions (MHRs)) were obtained by enzymatic liquefaction of apple (MHR-B, MHR-A, MHR-a), carrot (MHR-C) and potato (MHR-P) cells. Polystyrene (PS) Petri dishes, aminated by a plasma deposition process, were surface modified by the covalent linking of the MHRs. Results clearly demonstrate that MHR-B induces cell adhesion, proliferation and survival, in contrast to the other MHRs. Moreover, MHR-a causes cells to aggregate, decrease proliferation and enter into apoptosis. Cells cultured in standard conditions with 1% soluble MHR-B or MHR-a show the opposite behaviour to the one observed on MHR-B and -a-grafted PS. Fibronectin was similarly adsorbed onto MHR-B and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) control, but poorly on MHR-a. The Fn cell binding site (RGD sequence) was more accessible on MHR-B than on TCPS control, but poorly on MHR-a. The disintegrin echistatin inhibited fibroblast adhesion and spreading on MHR-B-grafted PS, which suggests that MHRs control fibroblast behaviour via serum adhesive proteins. This study provides a basis for the design of intelligently-tailored biomaterial coatings able to induce specific cell functions.JRC.I.5-Nanobioscience

Creating Biomimetic Surfaces through Covalent and Oriented Binding of Proteins

This manuscript describes a novel method for the biofunctionalization of glass surfaces with polyhistidine-tagged proteins. The main innovation of this methodology consists of the covalent binding between the nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) moiety and the proteins, ensuring not only orientation, but also stability of the recombinant proteins on NTAcovered surfaces. In this work, as C-terminal polyhistidine tagged cadherin extracellular fragments have been used, this methodology guarantees the proper orientation of these proteins, by mimicking their insertion into cell plasma membranes. These biofunctionalized surfaces have been characterized by confocal microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, contact angle, and atomic force microscopy, showing a high density of cadherins on the glass surfaces and the stability of the linkage. The prepared materials exhibited a high tendency to promote cell spreading, demonstrating the functionality of the protein and the high utility of these biomaterials to promote cell adhesion events. Interestingly, differences in the cytoskeleton organization have been observed in cells adhering to surfaces with no cadherins or with nonoriented cadherins, in comparison to surfaces functionalized with well-oriented cadherins. This method, which allows the robust immobilization of polyhistidine tagged proteins due to their covalent binding and with a defined orientation, may also find particular usefulness in the making of protein biochips, for analysis of protein-protein interactions, as well as structural and single-molecule studies