From binary to multinary copper based nitrides - unlocking the potential of new applications

This review summarizes the current knowledge on the chemistry of binary copper(I) nitride, Cu3N and its multinary derivatives containing either main group or transition metal elements. For many years, research in this area was focused on the development of copper nitride prepared in the form of thin films. Successful deposition of these materials has been achieved mainly by employing physical methods, which have provided materials suitable for potential application in optical data storage. However, for the last decade, attention has also been devoted to expanding the available options by which Cu3N can be synthesized and deposited. Consequently, the focus has switched to the development of chemical synthetic methods towards the fabrication of this semiconductor and to broadening the range of related compounds that might be discovered. Simultaneously, the formulation of novel techniques and the successful preparation of new nanostructured functional materials has resulted in the rapid evolution of new and relevant applications; e.g. catalytic and electrochemical. The overview presented here concentrates on the chemical methods that have been devised to synthesise both bulk samples and thin films of Cu3N. Our article also shows how these approaches have been developed to achieve significant progress in the creation of multinary copper based nitrides and in identifying their potential applications. It provides a concise history of previous copper nitride research and sets the context for the most current advances. These will no doubt provide the springboard for future research areas that will impact both transition metal nitride chemistry and materials science more generally

Influence of two pt(iv) complexes on viability, apoptosis and cell cycle of B16 mouse melanoma tumors

Several platinum(IV) complexes are showing considerable promise in initial trials, producing reactive intermediates that then interact with DNA. Aim: To perform in vitro study of two new platinum(IV) complexes cytotoxic effect on B16 mouse melanoma cells. Methods: PtCl₄ (dbtp)₂ and PtCl₂ (6mp)₂ complexes were prepared. PtCl₄ (dbtp)₂ was created as modification of PtCl₄ (dmtp) test previously.Apoptosis and necrosis were examined using flow cytometry, upon Annexin V/PI staining. Results: LC₁₀,LC₅₀ andLC₉₀ parameters established for PtCl₄ (dbtp)₂ were as following: 2.6, 17.0, 58.0 μmol/L. However LC₁₀ andLC₅₀ established for PtCl₂ (6mp)₂ were 1.2 and 14.0μmol/l respectively. The both complexes induced apoptosis. PtCl₂ (6mp)₂ induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1, while PtCl₄ (dbtp)₂ — in S-phase. Conclusions: PtCl₄ (dbtp)₂ appeared to be more cytotoxic against B16 cells than PtCl₂ (6mp)₂ . Apoptosis was the main mechanism of cell loss in cultures incubated with both tested complexes

Simultaneous and rapid determination of added phosphorus(V) compounds in meat samples by capillary isotachophoresis

One-dimensional capillary isotachophoretic method (CITP) for the simultaneous determination of added phosphorus(V) compounds (ortho-, pyro- and tripolyphosphates) in pork meat is described. The calibration curves were obtained for KH2PO4, K4P2O7, Na2H2P2O7, Na3P3O9, Na5P3O10 resulting in linearity (R2 = 0.9996, 0.9998, 0.9991, 0.9978 and 0.9994, respectively). Detection limits ranged from 0.4 mg P/L for potassium pyrophosphate (PP) to 1.1 mg P/L for trisodium trimetaphosphate (TTP) and quantification limits ranged from 1.2 mg P/L for PP to 3.7 mg P/L for TTP. The repeatabilities of within-day and between-days analysis were ≤2.27% and ≤4.89% for relative step height, respectively. The developed procedure was applied for added phosphates determination in meat samples. The minimal sample pretreatment and presented results make CITP an alternative to the existing methods of meat analysis. © 2007 Swiss Society of Food Science and Technology

Determination of phenolic acids in dietary supplements containing Vitis vinifera (grape vine) by HPLC-PDA method

The procedure involving water and water-methanol extraction, RP-HPLC-C18 column chromatography with PDA detection was developed for determination of cinnamic acid and benzoic acid derivatives in grapevine’s dietary supplements (LV, RW, VIN, VIC, and DK) available on the Polish market. Phenolic acids were analysed before and after acidic and basic hydrolysis and identified against standards. Totalamount of studied phenolic acids determined by HPLC-PDA was compared with total polyphenols content (TPC) by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The average content of studied phenolic acids (70.54±0.21; 122.95±0.49; 87.67±0.10; 132.21±0.24; 266.78 ±0.39, and 18.16±0.09 mg/100 g d.m. (dry mass) for LV, RW, VIN, VIC, DK, and WW, respectively) were higher than the TPC (1489.91±0.39, 1648.19±0.14, 1574.38±0.33, 1643.64±0.12, 1984.75±0.97, and 715.55±0.36 mg/100 g d.m. for LV, RW, VIN, VIC, DK, and WW, respectively). The new developed method was validated for specifi city, repeatability, and accuracy and can be suitable for routine quality and quantity analysis of dietary supplements containing grape vine (Vitis vinifera)