Задачи фармацевтической службы в чрезвычайных ситуациях

With the sharp rise of accidents and great catastrophes caused by man, local military conflicts in recent centuries, and unprecedented acts of terrorism, the economies of many countries are faced with choosing liquidation as a solution to the related medical consequences in order to provide medical assistance to their victims—in particular the prediction of sanitary losses and stockpiling drugs necessities for these purposes. The economy and health system in The Republic of Moldova is currently facing such a situation. The analysis results defined the role and place of drugs and other medicine supply systems along with the need to establish appropriate pharmaceutical resources depending on the projected number of sanitary losses as a consequence of emergency situations. Based on the estimated volume of sanitary losses and the nomenclature and consumption quantity of drugs for medical assistance, a number of victims were identified with common needs or drugs for these purposes. An emphasis was placed on the ability of the country’s pharmaceutical market for the creation of an adequate supply of medicines for emergency-situation needs and simultaneously save funds under the state budget deficit.Одновременно с резким ростом, в последние столетия, количество техногенных аварий и катастроф особо крупных размеров, локальных военных конфликтов во многих странах мира, террористических актов, невиданных по своей жестокости, экономика стран столкнулась с решением проблем по ликвидации последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций. В частности, в оказании медицинской помощи пострадавшим, что предполагает прогнозирование санитарных потерь и создание запасов медицинского имущества для этих целей. С подобными ситуациями сталкивается экономика и система здравоохранения Республики Молдова. В результате проведенных анализов были определены: роль и место снабжения медикаментами и другим медицинским имуществом, необходимость создания соответствующих запасов, в зависимости от прогнозируемого количества санитарных потерь, как следствие чрезвычайных ситуаций. Исходя из объема прогнозируемых санитарных потерь, номенклатуры и количества медикаментов для оказания медицинской помощи определенного количества пострадавших, были определены общие потребности для этих целей. Был сделан акцент на возможности внутреннего фармацевтического рынка в создании необходимых запасов медикаментов для чрезвычайных ситуаций, что одновременно может сэкономить значительное количество денежных средств из государственного бюджета страны

On the interaction of vortices with mixing layers

We describe the perturbations introduced by two counter-rotating vortices - in a two-dimensional configuration - or by a vortex ring - in an axisymmetric configuration - to the mixing layer between two counterflowing gaseous fuel and air streams of the same density. The analysis is confined to the near stagnation point region, where the strain rate of the unperturbed velocity field, A0, is uniform. We restrict our attention to cases where the typical distance 2r0 between the vortices - or the characteristic vortex ring radius r0 - is large compared to both the thickness, δv, of the vorticity core and the thickness, δm∼(ν/A0)1/2, of the mixing layer. In addition, we consider that the ratio, Γ/ν, of the vortex circulation, Γ, to the kinematic viscosity, ν, is large compared to unity. Then, during the interaction time, A0,-1, the viscous and diffusion effects are confined to the thin vorticity core and the thin mixing layer, which, when seen with the scale r0, appears as a passive interface between the two counterflowing streams when they have the same density. In this case, the analysis provides a simple procedure to describe the displacement and distortion of the interface, as well as the time evolution of the strain rate imposed on the mixing layer, which are needed to calculate the inner structure of the reacting mixing layer as well as the conditions for diffusion flame extinction and edge-flame propagation along the mixing layer. Although in the reacting case variable density effects due to heat release play an important role inside the mixing layer, in this paper the analysis of the inner structure is carried out using the constant density model, which provides good qualitative understanding of the mixing layer response

Global sensitivity analysis, probabilistic calibration, and predictive assessment for the data assimilation linked ecosystem carbon model

In this paper we propose a probabilistic framework for an uncertainty quantification (UQ) study of a carbon cycle model and focus on the comparison between steady-state and transient simulation setups. A global sensitivity analysis (GSA) study indicates the parameters and parameter couplings that are important at different times of the year for quantities of interest (QoIs) obtained with the data assimilation linked ecosystem carbon (DALEC) model. We then employ a Bayesian approach and a statistical model error term to calibrate the parameters of DALEC using net ecosystem exchange (NEE) observations at the Harvard Forest site. The calibration results are employed in the second part of the paper to assess the predictive skill of the model via posterior predictive checks

Hull girder ultimate strength assessment according to rules requirements

Residual ultimate strength of hull girder is rather important in naval vessel design, being a fundamental driver and a specific project requirement. In this paper, an applicable approach facing such challenge in pre-liminary naval vessel design is presented in the form of a benchmark study. Two typical case-studies were defined and three damaged positions along the hull length were analysed at different transverse section heights as required by class rules. First case aims at comparing notation requirements provided by Lloyd’s Register and RINA Naval Ship Rules using the same input threat. Second application focuses on results ob-tained by different class support software using damage extent and load conditions defined by Lloyd’s Regis-ter Rules as a baseline. Results of residual ultimate strength analysis of damaged hull girder in all considered cases are outlined and compared, also including results of direct, residual strength, elastoplastic analyses performed by finite element software

Involvement of dopamine receptors in diethylpropion-induced conditioning place preference

Diethylpropion (DEP) is an amphetamine-like agent used as an anorectic drug. Abuse of DEP has been reported and some restrictions of its use have been recently imposed. The conditioning place preference (CPP) paradigm was used to evaluate the reinforcing properties of DEP in adult male Wistar rats. After initial preferences were determined, animals weighing 250-300 g (N = 7 per group) were conditioned with DEP (10, 15 or 20 mg/kg). Only the dose of 15 mg/kg produced a significant place preference (358 ± 39 vs 565 ± 48 s). Pretreatment with the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 (0.05 mg/kg, sc) 10 min before DEP (15 mg/kg, ip) blocked DEP-induced CPP (418 ± 37 vs 389 ± 31 s) while haloperidol (0.5 mg/kg, ip), a D2 antagonist, 15 min before DEP was ineffective in modifying place conditioning produced by DEP (385 ± 36 vs 536 ± 41 s). These results suggest that dopamine D1 receptors mediate the reinforcing effect of DE