Prevalencia y estado epidemiológico de embarazadas obesas del Hospital A. Llano de Corrientes durante el período enero 2014 - abril 2015

Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud, el número de obesos en el mundo para el 2015 sería de 700 millones. Más del 40% de las mujeres que cursan un embarazo se encuentran con sobrepeso u obesidad. La obesidad complica el 28% de los embarazos. Las pacientes con obesidad antes del embarazo tienen mayor riesgo de desarrollar diabetes, preeclampsia, macrosomía, muerte fetal, complicaciones en el parto y puerperio. En nuestro estudio se buscó conocer los valores que maneja una de las maternidades de la región, para comenzar a obtener una base de datos sobre nuestra población. Se realizó un estudio del tipo transversal. El universo está formado por todas las embarazadas que acudieron al servicio de maternidad del Hospital que culminaron su gestación durante Enero 2014-Abril 2015. Muestreo No-probabilístico de tipo intencional. Se analizaron 2913 historias clínicas perinatales, y se incluyeron 785 historias clínicas pertenecientes a embarazadas obesas. Nuestro análisis informo una prevalencia del 26,94% de embarazadas obesas. Las edades más frecuentes en nuestra población fueron entre 20 y 30 años. No se encontró una diferencia significativa entre la atención en salas periféricas y hospital, indicando la escasa participación en el control prenatal del primer nivel de atención. El 73,63% fueron embarazos controlados, demostrando una buena accesibilidad de las embarazadas para el control prenatal. Un 38,98% fue derivado del interior, lo cual podría indicar una falta de manejo en los partos. Lo destacable fue que un 66,75% presentaron patologías, demostrando relación entre obesidad y complicación en el embarazo. Palabras Clave: prevalencia, embarazo, obesidad, sobrepeso. According to the World Health Organization, the number of obese people in the world by 2015 would be 700 million. More than 40% of pregnant women who attend are overweight or obese. Obesity complicates 28% of pregnancies. Patients with obesity before pregnancy are at increased risk of developing diabetes, preeclampsia, macrosomia, fetal death, complications in childbirth and postpartum. In our study we sought to know the values which manage one of the maternity hospitals in the region to begin to get a database of our population. A study of the transversal type was performed. The universe consists of all pregnant women who attended the service Maternity Hospital during her pregnancy that ended in January 2014-April 2015 Non-probabilistic sampling intentional. 2913 perinatal medical records were analyzed, and medical records belonging to 785 obese pregnant women were included. Our analysis reported a prevalence of 26.94% of obese pregnant. The most common in our population ages were between 20 and 30 years. A significant difference between care in outlying wards and hospital was not found, indicating the low turnout at the first antenatal care level. The pregnancies were controlled 73.63%, demonstrating good accessibility for pregnant prenatal control. A 38.98% was derived from the interior, which could indicate a lack of management in childbirth. The remarkable thing was that 66.75% had pathologies, showing relationship between obesity and pregnancy complications. Keywords: prevalence, pregnancy, obesity, overweight. Segundo a organizacao mundial da saude, o numero de obesos no mundo para 2015 seria de 700 milhoes. Mais do que 40% das mulheres que cursam com uma gravidez se encontram com uma situacao de sobrepeso ou obesidade. A obesidade complica o 28% das gravidezes. A paciente com obesidade antes da gravidez tem maior perigo de desenvolver diabete, pré-eclámpsia, macrossomia, morte fetal, complicares no parto y no puerpério. No nosso estudo se buscou conhecer os valores que se lidam em uma das maternidades da regiao, para comecar a ter uma base de dados sobre as nossa populacao. O universo é formado por todas as gravidas que acudiram ao servico de maternidade do hospital que finalizaram sua gestacao durante janeiro 2014 abril 2015 uma amostragem nao provavilistico de tipo intencional. Analisaram-se 2913 historias clinicas perinatais, e se incluíram 785 historias clinicas pertencentes a gravidas obesas. Cáceres, Camila A. y Col. Rev. Fac. Med. UNNE XXXVI: 1, 18-24, 2016 Nosso analise informou uma prevaléncia do 26,94% de gravidas obesas. As idades mais frequentes na nossa populacao foram entre 20 e 30 anos. Nao se encontrou uma diferenca significativa entre a atencao em salas periféricas e hospitais, indicando a escassa participacao no controle pré-natal do primeiro nível de atencao. O 73,63% foram "gravideis" controlados, demostrando uma boa acessibilidade das gravidas para o controle pré- natal. Um 38,98% foi derivado do interior, o qual podia indicar uma falta habilidade dos partos. O destacável foi que um 66,75% apresentaram doencas, demostrando relacao entre obesidade e complicacoes na gravidez.

¿Puede una intervención biopsicosocial reducir los niveles de presión arterial?

ResumenObjetivo: Determinar la efectividad de un programa de intervención biopsicosocial para reducir los niveles de presión arterial. Métodología: Estudio con dos grupos aleatorizados(grupo experimental-GE- y grupo control-GC-) y diseño de análisis intra e intergrupo, pre y port-intervención. Participaron 94 pacientes controloados por hipertensión arterial en una institución de Salud de la ciudad de Cali, Colombia. Se registraron los niveles de presión arterial sistólica-PAS- y presión arterial diastólica-PAD-, pre y posterior a una intervención biopsicosocial grupal orientada a reducir los niveles de presión arterial. Resultados: En el GE disminuyó significativamente la PAS(P=0.031), mientras que l PAD no mostró diferencias estadísticamente significativas una vez aplicada la intervención, manteniéndose en niveles controlados. Al comparar los grupos se encontraron diferencias significativas entre GE y GC posteriores a la intervención en los niveles de PAS (p=0,021 y p=0,027). No se encontraron diferencias entre adultos, jóvenes, intermedios y mayores, ni entre hombres y mujeres. Conclusiones: Este estudio respalda  la evidencia que demuestra que las intervenciones biopsicosociales de corte cognoscitivo-conductual, en equipos interdisciplinarios, tiene efectos significativos  en la reducción de los niveles de hipertensión arterial.[Arrivillaga M, Cáceres D, Correa D, Holguin LE, Valera MT. ¿Puede una intervención biopsicosocial reducir los niveles de presión arterial? MedUNA 2006; 9:20-27]Palabras clave: Intervención biopsicosocial, Hipertensión arterial, Psicología de la salud, Técnicas cognoscitivo-conductuales

Tareas auténticas, ¿un objetivo para la enseñanza obligatoria?

En la enseñanza de matemáticas se recomienda la conexión de las tareas que se realizan en el aula con la vida cotidiana para favorecer el desarrollo de la competencia matemática. Una posibilidad para conseguirlo es utilizando tareas auténticas. En este trabajo se presenta una herramienta para analizar la autenticidad de las tareas que se proponen en la enseñanza de matemáticas ilustrada con ejemplos de tareas auténticas, verosímiles y ficticias. Además, en algunos de los ejemplos se destacan otros aspectos interesantes como que las tareas sean abiertas o realistas

ANÁLISIS VARIMAX DE FACTORES QUE INFLUYEN EN LA SATISFACCIÓN LABORAL DE LA UNIVERSIDAD DE ORIENTE, VENEZUELA

En este estudio se analizó la importancia de los componentes integrados por las variables que inciden en la satisfacción laboral del personal del Núcleo de Anzoátegui de la Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela en función de la teoría de los factores de Frederick Herzberg. Se obtuvo información de una muestra representativa de 400 trabajadores a través de un cuestionario confiable y validado, cuyos datos se procesaron con el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 11.5 para Windows. Se practicó el análisis de componentes principales, prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett, prueba de adecuación muestral de Káiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) y Varimax, para determinar la importancia de los factores considerados por los docentes, empleados y obreros encuestados. Los hallazgos del análisis Varimax revelan que para los docentes y el personal administrativo, los factores intrínsecos prevalecen sobre los extrínsecos; los obreros, le asignan un peso equilibrado a ambos tipos de factores.   PALABRAS CLAVE: Satisfacción laboral, análisis Varimax.   ABSTRATC This study purports to assess the importance of the variables underlying work satisfaction at the Anzoategui campus of the Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela, in function of Frederick Herzberg’s motivation theory. A reliable and validated questionnaire was given to a representative sample of 400 employees, and the data thus obtained were processed with the statistical software package for the social sciences SPSS version 11.5 for Windows. The polled responses of teachers, administrative employees, and workers were assessed by means of a principal component analysis, Bartlett’s sphericity test, the Káiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy, and Varimax to determine how the staff considered the factors. The Varimax analysis revealed that, for teachers and administrative employees, the intrinsic factors prevailed over the extrinsic ones, whereas workers assigned equal importance to both.   KEY WORDS: Work satisfaction, Varimax analysis

2D-Tasks for Cognitive Rehabilitation

Neuropsychological Rehabilitation is a complex clinic process which tries to restore or compensate cognitive and behavioral disorders in people suffering from a central nervous system injury. Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in Biomedical Engineering play an essential role in this field, allowing improvement and expansion of present rehabilitation programs. This paper presents a set of cognitive rehabilitation 2D-Tasks for patients with Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). These tasks allow a high degree of personalization and individualization in therapies, based on the opportunities offered by new technologies

Interventions for the control of Aedes aegypti in Latin America and the Caribbean: systematic review and meta-analysis

Objective: To determine the effectiveness and degree of implementation of interventions for the control of Aedes aegypti in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) as reported in scientific literature. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, SOCINDEX, and LILACS, for experimental and observational studies, economic assessments and qualitative experiences carried out in LAC from 2000 to 2016. We assessed incidence and morbimortality of Aedes aegypti-related diseases and entomological indices: Breteau (containers), House, and Pupae per Person. We used GRADE methodology for assessing quality of evidence. Results: Of 1826 records retrieved, 75 were included and 9 cluster randomised clinical trials could be meta-analysed. We did not identify any intervention supported by a high certainty of evidence. In consistency with qualitative evidence, health education and community engagement probably reduces the entomological indices, as do the use of insecticide-treated materials, indoor residual spraying and the management of containers. There is low certainty of evidence supporting the use of ovitraps or larvitraps, and the integrated epidemiological surveillance strategy to improve indices and reduce the incidence of dengue. The reported degree of implementation of these vector control interventions was variable and most did not extend to whole cities and were not sustained beyond 2 years. Conclusions: We found a general lack of evidence on effectiveness of vector control in the region, despite a few interventions that showed moderate to low certainty of evidence. It is important to engage and educate the community, apart from achieving the implementation of integrated actions between the health and other sectors at national and regional level.Fil: Bardach, Ariel Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: García Perdomo, Herney Andrés. Universidad del Valle; ColombiaFil: Alcaraz, Andrea. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Tapia López, Elena. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Ruano Gandara, Ruth Amanda. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria; ArgentinaFil: Ruvinsky, Silvina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan"; ArgentinaFil: Ciapponi, Agustín. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública. Instituto de Efectividad Clínica y Sanitaria. Centro de Investigaciones en Epidemiología y Salud Pública; Argentin

A fast and accurate method to detect allelic genomic imbalances underlying mosaic rearrangements using SNP array data

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Mosaicism for copy number and copy neutral chromosomal rearrangements has been recently identified as a relatively common source of genetic variation in the normal population. However its prevalence is poorly defined since it has been only studied systematically in one large-scale study and by using non optimal <it>ad-hoc </it>SNP array data analysis tools, uncovering rather large alterations (> 1 Mb) and affecting a high proportion of cells. Here we propose a novel methodology, Mosaic Alteration Detection-MAD, by providing a software tool that is effective for capturing previously described alterations as wells as new variants that are smaller in size and/or affecting a low percentage of cells.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The developed method identified all previously known mosaic abnormalities reported in SNP array data obtained from controls, bladder cancer and HapMap individuals. In addition MAD tool was able to detect new mosaic variants not reported before that were smaller in size and with lower percentage of cells affected. The performance of the tool was analysed by studying simulated data for different scenarios. Our method showed high sensitivity and specificity for all assessed scenarios.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The tool presented here has the ability to identify mosaic abnormalities with high sensitivity and specificity. Our results confirm the lack of sensitivity of former methods by identifying new mosaic variants not reported in previously utilised datasets. Our work suggests that the prevalence of mosaic alterations could be higher than initially thought. The use of appropriate SNP array data analysis methods would help in defining the human genome mosaic map.</p

Neutrophil count is associated with reduced gray matter and enlarged ventricles in first-episode psychosis

Although there is recent evidence that cells from the peripheral immune system can gain access to the central nervous system in certain conditions such as multiple sclerosis, their role has not been assessed in psychosis. Here, we aimed to explore whether blood cell count was associated with brain volume and/or clinical symptomatology. A total of 218 participants (137 first-episode psychosis patients [FEP] and 81 healthy controls [HC]) were included in the study. For each participant, a T1 structural image was acquired, from which brain tissue volumes were calculated. We found that, in FEP, neutrophil count was associated with reduced gray matter (GM) volume (ß = -0.117, P &lt; .001) and increased cerebrospinal fluid volume (ß = 0.191, P = .007). No associations were observed in HC. GM reduction was generalized but more prominent in certain regions, notably the thalamus, the anterior insula, and the left Heschl''s gyrus, among many others. Neutrophil count was also associated with the total PANSS score (ß = 0.173, P = .038), including those items assessing hallucinations (ß = 0.182, P = .028) and avolition (ß = 0.197, P = .018). Several confounders, such as antipsychotic medication, body mass index, and smoking, were controlled for. Overall, the present study may represent the first indirect evidence of brain tissue loss associated with neutrophils in psychosis, and lends support to the hypothesis of a dysregulated immune system. Higher neutrophil count was also associated with more severe clinical symptomatology, which renders it a promising indicator of schizophrenia severity and could even give rise to new therapies