4,921 research outputs found
In-Medium Effects on Charmonium Production in Heavy-Ion Collisions
Charmonium production in heavy-ion collisions is investigated within a
kinetic theory framework incorporating in-medium properties of open- and
hidden-charm states in line with recent QCD lattice calculations. A
continuously decreasing open-charm threshold across the phase boundary of
hadronic and quark-gluon matter is found to have important implications for the
equilibrium abundance of charmonium states. The survival of resonance
states above the transition temperature enables their recreation also in the
Quark-Gluon Plasma. Including effects of chemical and thermal off-equilibrium,
we compare our model results to available experimental data at CERN-SPS and
BNL-RHIC energies. In particular, earlier found discrepancies in the
ratio can be resolved.Comment: 4 pages RevTex including 4 eps-figures. v2: Minor modifications and
clarifications, typos corrected, Fig. 4 update
Medium Modifications of Charm and Charmonium in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
The production of charmonia in heavy-ion collisions is investigated within a
kinetic theory framework simultaneously accounting for dissociation and
regeneration processes in both quark-gluon plasma (QGP) and hadron-gas phases
of the reaction. In-medium modifications of open-charm states (c-quarks,
D-mesons) and the survival of J/psi mesons in the QGP are included as inferred
from lattice QCD. Pertinent consequences on equilibrium charmonium abundances
are evaluated and found to be especially relevant to explain the measured
centrality dependence of the psi'/psi ratio at SPS. Predictions for recent
In-In experiments, as well as comparisons to current Au-Au data from RHIC, are
provided.Comment: 4 Latex pages including 4 eps figures and IOP style files. Talk given
at the 17th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus
Collisions, Quark Matter 2004, Oakland, CA USA, 11-17 Jan 2004. To appear in
J. Phys.
Quarkonia and Heavy-Quark Relaxation Times in the Quark-Gluon Plasma
A thermodynamic T-matrix approach for elastic 2-body interactions is employed
to calculate spectral functions of open and hidden heavy-quark systems in the
Quark-Gluon Plasma. This enables the evaluation of quarkonium bound-state
properties and heavy-quark diffusion on a common basis and thus to obtain
mutual constraints. The two-body interaction kernel is approximated within a
potential picture for spacelike momentum transfers. An effective
field-theoretical model combining color-Coulomb and confining terms is
implemented with relativistic corrections and for different color channels.
Four pertinent model parameters, characterizing the coupling strengths and
screening, are adjusted to reproduce the color-average heavy-quark free energy
as computed in thermal lattice QCD. The approach is tested against vacuum
spectroscopy in the open (D, B) and hidden (Psi and Upsilon) flavor sectors, as
well as in the high-energy limit of elastic perturbative QCD scattering.
Theoretical uncertainties in the static reduction scheme of the 4-dimensional
Bethe-Salpeter equation are elucidated. The quarkonium spectral functions are
used to calculate Euclidean correlators which are discussed in light of lattice
QCD results, while heavy-quark relaxation rates and diffusion coefficients are
extracted utilizing a Fokker-Planck equation.Comment: 33 pages, 28 figure
INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT OF COMMON REED ALONG THE PLATTE RIVER IN NEBRASKA: CONTROL, TIMING, WATER USE, AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
There are two biotypes of common reed, which includes the native common reed (Phragmites australis subsp. americanus) and non-native (invasive) common reed (Phragmites australis subsp. australis).The non-native biotype of common reed has invaded wetland habitats in many states of the US, including Nebraska.
Three studies, disking followed by herbicide, mowing followed by herbicide, and herbicide followed by mechanical treatment were initiated in 2008 in Nebraska. The objective was to evaluate common reed control along the Platte River using an integrated management. Herbicide followed by mechanical treatment had excellent control (≥92%) with all treatments except glyphosate applied in the summer of 2008 alone or followed by a mechanical treatment 817 DAT.
Field studies were conducted the Platte River with the objective to determine the effect of herbicide selection and timing of application on common reed. Three herbicides were applied at two rates and three growth stages of common reed. In general, common reed showed more tolerance to applications during vegetative stage, with control ratings increasing with later timings. Imazapyr provided the highest levels of control (≥92%) across all three timings, while imazamox provided the lowest level of control 60%).
Measurements of gas exchange and leaf area index were collected in undisturbed stands of both native and non-native common reed stands. Stomatal conductance and leaf assimilation on average was higher in native common reed than in non-native common reed. LAI in invasive common reed was dramatically larger on average. There was 243 mm year-1 estimated difference in transpiration with non-native common reed having a higher estimation of transpiration.
An economic analysis of common reed management options reflecting water savings and net return on investment was performed. Returns ranged from 4,235 per hectare over three years. Treatments of disking followed by herbicide tended to have the highest initial net return. All treatments provided a net gain return after 3 years of control of common reed
An apparent statistical relationship between polar heat budget and zonal circulation
Apparent statistical correlation between Arctic heat budget and zonal circulatio
Toward the theory of strongly coupled Quark-Gluon Plasma
We review recent progress toward understanding of sQGP. The phenomenological
part includes discussion of elliptic and conical flows at RHIC. Then we proceed
to first quantum mechanical studies of manybody states at , the
``polymeric chains'' and baryons. A new model for sQGP is a
classical dynamical system, in which color vector is changed via the Wong
equation. First Molecular Dynamics (MD) results for its diffusion and viscosity
are reported. Finally we speculate how strong correlations in matter may help
solve puzzles related to jet quenching, both the magnitude and angular
distribution.Comment: A plenary talk at Quark Matter 05, Budabest, Aug.200
Medium Dependence of the Vector-Meson Mass: Dynamical and/or Brown-Rho Scaling?
We discuss the similarities and differences for the theories of Rapp, Wambach
and collaborators (called R/W in short) and those based on Brown-Rho scaling
(called B/R), as applied to reproduce the dileptons measured by the CERES
collaboration in the CERN experiments. In both theories the large number of
dileptons at invariant masses ~ are shown to be chiefly
produced by a density-dependent -meson mass. In R/W the medium dependence
is dynamically calculated using hadronic variables defined in the matter-free
vacuum. In B/R scaling it follows from movement towards chiral symmetry
restoration due to medium-induced vacuum change, and is described in terms of
constituent (or quasiparticle) quarks. We argue that the R/W description should
be reliable up to densities somewhat beyond nuclear density, where hadrons are
the effective variables. At higher density there should be a crossover to
constituent quarks as effective variables scaling according to B/R. In the
crossover region, the two descriptions must be ``dual''.Comment: 13 pages LaTeX, incl. 5 eps-figures and appb.sty; Talk given at the
Workshop on 'The Structure of Mesons, Baryons and Nuclei', Cracow, May 1998,
in honor of J. Speth's 60th birthday, to be published in Acta Physica
Polonica
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