Traditions of German Expressionism in the Cinematography of the Second Half of the 20th – Early 21st Centuries

The subject of this study is the influence of the traditions of German expressionism on modern cinema, primarily the horror genre. The relevance of this work is due to the need to study the genesis of modern trends in one of the most popular types of art and its popular genres in the context of cultural history in terms of allusions and reminiscences, traditions and innovation. In order to prove that the traditions of expressionism are clearly traced to this day and promise to be quite productive in the long run, as well as to trace the nature of their presence in the history of the film industry, in line with the culturological approach, the method of comparative historical and historical situational analysis, as well as content analysis was mainly used regarding cinematography of the period under consideration. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the very prism of the study and its object — the films of 2021–2022 were considered in terms of traditions of expressionist aesthetics; in addition, the article presents a slightly different view on the masterpieces that have become classics of the cinema of the 20th century. As a result, it was revealed that the expressionist concept of man and the world is strong in the artistic world of cinema art of this period. The methods of German filmmakers of the beginning of the previous century were continued in a somewhat modified form at the level of the play of light and shadow, framing, the figurative system itself (vampires, homunculi, ghosts), mechanistic acting, sinister paraphernalia, and deceitful details. The common denominator of foreign and domestic films of all the genres and subgenres considered in the article was the use of a special musical setting — music that originates from the new Viennese school (in other words, musical expressionism), which also confirms the theory put forward

Mediation as an alternative dispute resolution: world experience

The present paper is devoted to the application of mediation as an alternative dispute resolution procedure. It defines features of the legal regulation of mediation procedures in different countries and legal systems, such as United States, European Union, China, and Russian Federation. In addition, the main principles of mediation and their implementation in different legal systems are analyzed in this pape

PULMONARY HYPERTENSION IN PATIENTS WITH VIRAL CIRRHOSIS

To study the peculiarities of the formation of pulmonary hypertension in patients with viral cirrhosis we carried out tissue Doppler echocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, duplex vascular scanning, research of respiratory function in patients with viral cirrhosis. It was found that pulmonary hypertension in patients with viral cirrhosis was a frequent complication (38 %) and is often moderate. An acceleration of blood flow and dilation of the portal and splenic veins, disturbed longitudinal systolic function of the right ventricle and its relaxation as well as decrease of the respiratory function by the restrictive type are registered in patients with pulmonary hypertension

FEATURES OF HEMODYNAMICS OF LIVER AND HEART IN PATIENTS WITH VIRAL CIRRHOSIS

To study the peculiarities of hemodynamics of liver and heart Doppler echocardiography, duplex ultrasonography vascular screening in patients with viral cirrhosis were held. It was found that patients with viral cirrhosis have remodeling of viscerogenic hemodynamic, left ventricle myocardium with formation of various variants of its geometry. Disorder of heart ventricles relaxation, presence of moderate pulmonary hypertension are accompanied by more expressed portal hemodynamic disorders. Indices of viscerogenic hemodynamic correlate with geometric characteristics of heart ventricles and pulmonary artery, functional state of left ventricle and hemoglobin saturation with oxygen

Water Microelement Composition Influence on the Efficiency of the Milk Powder Dissolution Process

Drinking water is important in food production. Its indicators have a direct impact on the quality and safety of finished products, the technological equipment efficiency, etc. In most food technologies, involving the use of milk powder, a priori use the process of its preliminary hydration, that is, dissolution or recovery. In this connection, there is a need to generalize the existing theoretical and practical foundations of this process and find ways to further improve them. Analysis of scientific and technical material in this area showed, that a number of scientists proposed various descriptions not only of individual stages, but also of the dissolution process as a whole, and its determining factors were identified, mathematical models were built, making it possible to determine critical areas depending on from the properties of the raw materials and the process, data were obtained on the parameters of the system during the dissolution of dry dairy products.In the article presents the sanitary and hygienic, physicochemical and organoleptic require-ments for drinking water by Russian legislation, international organizations and national standards of a number of countries.Presented a review of widely used and promising water treatment methods.Analyzed data, describing the effect of the microelement water composition on the efficiency of milk powder dissolving process. It is shown, that decrease of water total hardness and dry substances of mass fraction adjustment in the reconstituted milk have a positive effect on the dissolution process efficiency.Was noted the relevance of further researches on the directional formation of water trace ele-ment composition for increasing the efficiency of milk powder dissolving and to obtain re-constituted dairy systems, used in the production of various food products of predicted quality and safety.Drinking water is important in food production. Its indicators have a direct impact on the quality and safety of finished products, the technological equipment efficiency, etc. In most food technologies, involving the use of milk powder, a priori use the process of its preliminary hydration, that is, dissolution or recovery. In this connection, there is a need to generalize the existing theoretical and practical foundations of this process and find ways to further improve them. Analysis of scientific and technical material in this area showed, that a number of scientists proposed various descriptions not only of individual stages, but also of the dissolution process as a whole, and its determining factors were identified, mathematical models were built, making it possible to determine critical areas depending on from the properties of the raw materials and the process, data were obtained on the parameters of the system during the dissolution of dry dairy products.In the article presents the sanitary and hygienic, physicochemical and organoleptic require-ments for drinking water by Russian legislation, international organizations and national standards of a number of countries.Presented a review of widely used and promising water treatment methods.Analyzed data, describing the effect of the microelement water composition on the efficiency of milk powder dissolving process. It is shown, that decrease of water total hardness and dry substances of mass fraction adjustment in the reconstituted milk have a positive effect on the dissolution process efficiency.Was noted the relevance of further researches on the directional formation of water trace ele-ment composition for increasing the efficiency of milk powder dissolving and to obtain re-constituted dairy systems, used in the production of various food products of predicted quality and safety

Characterisation of Recombinant Human Erythropoietin Obtained from CHOpE—Erythropoietin Producing Strain of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells

Development and implementation in clinical practice of recombinant human erythropoietins (rhEPOs) remain a priority task today. Additional studies were performed in order to obtain clinical trial authorisation for rhEPO tablets for oral use. The studies were aimed to demonstrate the suitability of the erythropoietin producer strain based on Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHOpE) for the production of rhEPO, and the compliance of the substance characteristics with the requirements for erythropoietin (EPO).The aim of the study was to characterise the rhEPO substance obtained from the CHOpE strain cells in accordance with the requirements for EPO.Materials and methods: the rhEPO substance was obtained by culturing the strain of Chinese hamster ovary cells—CHOpE. The expression construct of the producer strain was evaluated using methods for determination of nucleotide and amino acid sequences. The Sanger method was used to perform sequencing of the nucleotide sequence encoding the human EPO gene. The amino acid sequences of the rhEPO molecule C- and N-termini were determined by the Edman method. The copy number of the EPO gene in CHOpE cells was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The properties of the rhEPO substance were evaluated in accordance with the requirements for EPO. Isoelectric focusing, peptide mapping, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis were used for identification of the rhEPO substance. The ratio of isoform composition was determined by capillary electrophoresis. Dimer impurities and high molecular weight related substances were determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The content of protein and residual nucleic acids was determined by spectrophotometry. The concentration of the rhEPO substance was assessed by enzyme immunoassay.The results of the study confirmed genetic stability of the CHOpE producer strain and demonstrated identity of N- and C-terminal amino acid sequences of the rhEPO molecule to those of the natural EPO. The CHOpE producer strain was used to obtain a rhEPO substance which is homogenous and does not contain impurities of EPO oligomeric forms. Dimers and high molecular weight related substances account for less than 0.5%. The rhEPO molecular weight ranges from 32 to 38 kDa, and the isoelectric point is within 2.8—4.15. The study identified the peaks of isoforms 1–8, the isoform composition of the rhEPO substance corresponds to that of EPO. It was determined that 1 mol of the substance contains 13.75 mols of sialic acids.Conclusions: the study confirmed the suitability of the CHOpE producer strain for the production of rhEPO. The obtained rhEPO substance meets requirements for EPO

Diagnostic and Prognostic Significance of Complement in Patients with Alcohol-associated Hepatitis

BACKGROUND and AIMS: Given the lack of effective therapies and high mortality in acute alcohol-associated hepatitis (AH), it is important to develop rationally-designed biomarkers for effective disease management. Complement, a critical component of the innate immune system, contributes to uncontrolled inflammatory responses leading to liver injury, but is also involved in hepatic regeneration. Here we investigated if a panel of complement proteins and activation products would provide useful biomarkers for severity of AH and aid in predicting 90 days mortality. APPROACH and RESULTS: Plasma samples collected at time of diagnosis from 254 patients with moderate and severe AH recruited from four medical centers and 31 healthy individuals were used to quantify complement proteins by ELISA and Luminex arrays. Components of the classical and lectin pathways, including complement factors C2, C4b and C4d, as well as complement factor I (CFI) and C5, were reduced in AH patients compared to healthy individuals. In contrast, components of the alternative pathway, including complement factor Ba (CFBa) and factor D (CFD), were increased. Markers of complement activation were also differentially evident, with C5a increased and the soluble terminal complement complex (sC5b9) decreased in AH. Mannose binding lectin (MBL), C4b, CFI, C5 and sC5b9 were negatively correlated with model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, while CFBa and CFD were positively associated with disease severity. Lower CFI and sC5b9 were associated with increased 90-day mortality in AH. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, these data indicate that AH is associated with a profound disruption of complement. Inclusion of complement, especially CFI and sC5b9, along with other laboratory indicators, could improve diagnostic and prognostic indications of disease severity and risk of mortality for AH patients

The circulating microbiome signature and inferred functional metagenomics in alcoholic hepatitis

Intestinal dysbiosis is implicated in alcoholic hepatitis (AH). However, changes in the circulating microbiome, its association with the presence and severity of AH and its functional relevance in AH is unknown. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of changes in the circulating microbiome were performed by sequencing bacterial DNA in subjects with moderate (n=18) or severe AH (n=19). These data were compared to heavy drinking controls (HDC) without obvious liver disease (n=19) and non-alcohol consuming controls (NAC, n=20). The data were related to endotoxin levels and markers of monocyte activation. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis, inferred metagenomics and predictive functional analysis using PICRUSt were performed. There was a significant increase in 16S copies/ng DNA both in MAH (p<0.01) and SAH (p<0.001) subjects. Compared to NAC, the relative abundance of phylum Bacteroidetes was significantly decreased in HDC, MAH, and SAH (p<0.001). In contrast, all alcohol consuming groups had enrichment with Fusobacteria; this was greatest for HDC and decreased progressively in MAH and SAH. Subjects with SAH had significantly higher endotoxemia (p=0.01). Compared to alcohol consuming groups, predictive functional metagenomics indicated an enrichment of bacteria with genes related to methanogenesis and denitrification. Also, both HDC and SAH showed activation of type III secretion system which has been linked to gram negative bacterial virulence. Metagenomics in SAH vs NAC predicted increased isoprenoid synthesis via mevalonate and anthranilate degradation, known modulators of gram positive bacterial growth and biofilm production respectively. In conclusion, heavy alcohol consumption appears to be the primary driver of changes in the circulating microbiome associated with a shift in its inferred metabolic functions

Test-System for Identification of Typical and Genetically Altered Variants of Cholera Vibrios, Biovar El Tor, Using Real-Time PCR

The aim of the work was to analyze and assess the results of using PCR test-system “V. cholerae variant ctxB-rtxC FL genes” for identification of Vibrio cholerae O1 with differentiation between typical toxigenic and genetically modified variants in a multiplex format with a real-time hybridization-fluorescent recording of results. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, a set of reagents for the PCR test-system “V. cholerae O1 variant ctxB-rtxC FL genes”, as well as a method for identifying V. cholerae O1 with differentiation between typical toxigenic and genetically altered variants were utilized. The specificity, specific activity and sensitivity of the developed test-system by the example of 35 V. cholerae O1 strains, 6 V. cholerae non-O1 strains, 5 heterologous strains (Shigella zonnei – 2 strains, one Salmonella typhimurium strain, S. enteritidis, Escherichia coli) were investigated. Results and discussion. The panel of reagents for the PCR test system “V. cholerae variant ctxB-rtxC FL genes” detects DNA fragments of the ctxBCl, ctxBEl, rtxC genes in the genome of toxigenic V. cholerae О1 (has specific activity, analytical sensitivity 1·103 GE/ml) and does not detect these genes in non-toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and non-O1, as well as in heterologous strains of microorganisms (100 % specificity). RF Patent No. 2732448 was granted for the PCR test-system “V. cholerae variant ctxB-rtxC FL genes”. It can be used to increase the efficiency of the epidemiological surveillance system and to carry out a justified scope of anti-epidemic measures in the event of cholera importation into the territory of the Russian Federation