The W3W_3-string spectrum

We study the spectrum of $W_3$ strings. In particular, we show that for appropriately chosen space-time signature, one of the scalar fields is singled out by the spin-3 constraint and is ``frozen'': no creation operators from it can appear in physical states and the corresponding momentum must assume a specific fixed value. The remaining theory is unitary and resembles an ordinary string theory in $d\ne26$ with anomalies cancelled by appropriate background charges. In the case of the $W_3$ string, however, the spin-two ``graviton'' is massive.Comment: 14 Page

Effect of Soil Buffer Capacity on Soil Reaction (pH) Modification and Subsequent Effects on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Plantanus occidentalis L. Seedlings

The buffer capacity of a soil is a significant factor in determining the longevity of soil reaction (pH) adjustments by aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, or calcium carbonate, CaCO₂. After 12 weeks the modified pH values of the highly buffered Emory silt loam had changed substantially toward the original pH value of 7.6. Modified pH values for the Groseclose silt loam soil remained essentially unchanged under the same conditions. These differences in soil response to modified soil pH are related to the differences in the percentage of vermiculite chlorite and chlorite in the clay fractions of the two soils. The longevity of soil pH modification is related to total sycamore seedling dry weight and nutrient uptake. Though these components were significantly affected for plants grown in a Groseclose soil, the lack of significant response differences, except at the extremely low pH adjustment (5.21), in the Emory soil suggests a rapid change in modified soil pH toward the original soil pH value. The condition of the seedlings coupled with total dry weight accumulation and foliar nutrient content elimiates acid toxicity as a factor affecting growth and nutrient uptake. Plants grown in the Groseclose soil at pH 4.31 could be the exception

Effect of Soil Buffer Capacity on Soil Reaction (pH) Modification and Subsequent Effects on Growth and Nutrient Uptake of Plantanus occidentalis L. Seedlings

The buffer capacity of a soil is a significant factor in determining the longevity of soil reaction (pH) adjustments by aluminum sulfate, Al2(SO4)3, or calcium carbonate, CaCO₂. After 12 weeks the modified pH values of the highly buffered Emory silt loam had changed substantially toward the original pH value of 7.6. Modified pH values for the Groseclose silt loam soil remained essentially unchanged under the same conditions. These differences in soil response to modified soil pH are related to the differences in the percentage of vermiculite chlorite and chlorite in the clay fractions of the two soils. The longevity of soil pH modification is related to total sycamore seedling dry weight and nutrient uptake. Though these components were significantly affected for plants grown in a Groseclose soil, the lack of significant response differences, except at the extremely low pH adjustment (5.21), in the Emory soil suggests a rapid change in modified soil pH toward the original soil pH value. The condition of the seedlings coupled with total dry weight accumulation and foliar nutrient content elimiates acid toxicity as a factor affecting growth and nutrient uptake. Plants grown in the Groseclose soil at pH 4.31 could be the exception

Agricultural Precautionary Wealth

Using panel data, the relationship between income uncertainty and the stock of wealth through precautionary saving is examined. Evidence from Kansas data is consistent with the precautionary saving motive in that farm households facing greater uncertainty in income maintain larger stocks of wealth in order to smooth consumption. These results are found by regressing net worth against measures of permanent income (life-cycle income), measures of uncertainty, and demographic variables.precautionary saving, precautionary wealth, risk, Risk and Uncertainty,

Analytical prediction of the interior noise for cylindrical models of aircraft fuselages for prescribed exterior noise fields. Phase 2: Models for sidewall trim, stiffened structures and cabin acoustics with floor partition

An airplane interior noise prediction model is developed to determine the important parameters associated with sound transmission into the interiors of airplanes, and to identify apropriate noise control methods. Models for stiffened structures, and cabin acoustics with floor partition are developed. Validation studies are undertaken using three test articles: a ring stringer stiffened cylinder, an unstiffened cylinder with floor partition, and ring stringer stiffened cylinder with floor partition and sidewall trim. The noise reductions of the three test articles are computed using the heoretical models and compared to measured values. A statistical analysis of the comparison data indicates that there is no bias in the predictions although a substantial random error exists so that a discrepancy of more than five or six dB can be expected for about one out of three predictions

Insensitive control technology development

THe investigation of two insensitive controller synthesis techniques was reported. The finite dimensional inverse approach produces a time varying insensitive controller and/or parameter identifier by constructing inverse functions derived from a finite number of input output pair relationships. The MD/IM concept relies on the information matrix theory that was developed in the estimation and identification field. The MD/IM synthesis technique is based on the hypothesis that minimizing the information matrix will reduce system identifiability and consequently system sensitivity to uncertain parameters. The controllers designed with both techniques were evaluated on a realistic C-5A aircraft flight control problem. Results indicate that the FDI controller is more suited to trajectory type problems because of its time varying nature. The MD/IM controller performed as well as the top-rated controllers of the initial effort and has direct application to aircraft flight control problems

Least Squares Adjustment of Satellite Observations for Simultaneous Directions or Ranges. Part 1 - Formulation of Equations

Least squares adjustment of satellite observations for simultaneous directions or range

Feasibility of An Emergency Department Fall Screening Tool and Intervention Bundle Checklist on Nursing Fall Prevention Documentation: A Quality Improvement Project.

Background: The World Health Organization (2018) and The Joint Commission (2015) define falling as a sudden, unplanned involuntarily advancement toward the ground, that may or may not result in injury. Fall rates are directly related to a facility’s mortality and morbidity rates, delayed patient care, additional diagnostic testing, and increased length-of-stay. Evaluating the practices of a local emergency department (ED), it was noted that ED nurses are not documenting their acknowledgment of a patient’s risk for falls, and also failed to chart interventions aimed at preventing falls. Failing to implement these practices into regular patient care can lead to negative patient outcomes. Environment: A rural 18 bed ED in North-Central Kentucky that averages 80-110 patients daily. Purpose: The purpose of this quality improvement (QI) project was to evaluate the implementation of an ED-specific fall risk screening tool (KINDER-1) and Preventative Intervention Bundle Checklist (PIBC) during a two-month (eight-week) span. The intervention goal was to increase the rate of nurse documentation of fall risk and prevention interventions compared to documentation without the use of an ED-specific fall risk screening tool and fall PIBC. Intervention: Nurses received education regarding the KINDER-1 Tool and the PIBC and were taught a new screening protocol for all patients entering the ED. Following the fall risk assessment, nurses documented corresponding preventative interventions for high-risk individuals. Method: Randomized retrospective chart audits pre- and post-intervention compared differences in nursing documentation rates. Preintervention freestyle nursing notes, the “patient teach” icon, and utilization of an inpatient screening tool were evaluated. Postintervention audits evaluated compliance to the KINDER-1 and PIBC. Quantitative descriptive statistics demonstrated that the interventions were clinically and statistically significant in bringing about a positive clinical change