Miocene formations and NE-trending right-lateral strike–slip tectonism in Thrace, northwest Turkey: geodynamic implications

In the Thrace Peninsula, Neogene units were deposited in two areas, the Enez Basin in the south and the Thrace Basin in the north. In the southwesternmost part of the peninsula, upper lowerlower upper Miocene continental to shallow marine clastics of the Enez Formation formed under the influence of the Aegean extensional regime. During the last stage of the transpressional activity of the NW-trending right-lateral strikeslip BalkanThrace Fault, which had controlled the initial early middle Eocene deposition in the Thrace Basin, a mountainous region extending from Bulgaria eastwards to the northern Thrace Peninsula of Turkey developed. A river system carried erosional clasts of the metamorphic basement southwards into the limnic depositional areas of the Thrace Basin during middle Miocene time. Deposition of fluvial, lacustrine, and terrestrial strata of the Ergene Formation, which conformably and transitionally overlie the Enez Formation, began in the late middle Miocene in the southwest part and in the late Miocene in the north-northeast part of the basin. Activity along the NE-trending right-lateral strikeslip faults (the XanthiThrace Fault Zone) extending from northeast Greece northeastwards through the Thrace Peninsula of Turkey to the southern shelf of the western Black Sea Basin began during the middle Miocene in the northern Aegean, at the beginning of the late Miocene in the southwest part, and at the end of the late Miocene in the northeast part of the Thrace region. Although the Neogene deposits in the Thrace Basin were evaluated as the products of a northerly fault, our data indicate that the NW-trending northerly fault zone became effective only during the initial stage of the basin development. The later stage deposition in the basin was controlled by the NE-trending XanthiThrace Fault Zone, and the deposits of this basin progressively evolved north/northeastwards during the late Miocene. During the late early Miocenelate Miocene interval, extension within the Thrace region was part of the more regional Aegean extensional realm, but from latest Miocene time, it has been largely decoupled from the Aegean extensional realm to the south