134 research outputs found
FRW and domain walls in higher spin gravity
We present exact solutions to Vasiliev's bosonic higher spin gravity
equations in four dimensions with positive and negative cosmological constant
that admit an interpretation in terms of domain walls, quasi-instantons and
Friedman-Robertson-Walker (FRW) backgrounds. Their isometry algebras are
infinite dimensional higher-spin extensions of spacetime isometries generated
by six Killing vectors. The solutions presented are obtained by using a method
of holomorphic factorization in noncommutative twistor space and gauge
functions. In interpreting the solutions in terms of Fronsdal-type fields in
spacetime, a field-dependent higher spin transformation is required, which is
implemented at leading order. To this order, the scalar field solves
Klein-Gordon equation with conformal mass in (anti) de Sitter space. We
interpret the FRW solution with de Sitter asymptotics in the context of
inflationary cosmology and we expect that the domain wall and FRW solutions are
associated with spontaneously broken scaling symmetries in their holographic
description. We observe that the factorization method provides a convenient
framework for setting up a perturbation theory around the exact solutions, and
we propose that the nonlinear completion of particle excitations over FRW and
domain wall solutions requires black hole-like states.Comment: 63 page
Non-Gaussianities due to Relativistic Corrections to the Observed Galaxy Bispectrum
High-precision constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) will
significantly improve our understanding of the physics of the early universe.
Among all the subtleties in using large scale structure observables to
constrain PNG, accounting for relativistic corrections to the clustering
statistics is particularly important for the upcoming galaxy surveys covering
progressively larger fraction of the sky. We focus on relativistic projection
effects due to the fact that we observe the galaxies through the light that
reaches the telescope on perturbed geodesics. These projection effects can give
rise to an effective that can be misinterpreted as the primordial
non-Gaussianity signal and hence is a systematic to be carefully computed and
accounted for in modelling of the bispectrum. We develop the technique to
properly account for relativistic effects in terms of purely observable
quantities, namely angles and redshifts. We give some examples by applying this
approach to a subset of the contributions to the tree-level bispectrum of the
observed galaxy number counts calculated within perturbation theory and
estimate the corresponding non-Gaussianity parameter, , for the
local, equilateral and orthogonal shapes. For the local shape, we also compute
the local non-Gaussianity resulting from terms obtained using the consistency
relation for observed number counts. Our goal here is not to give a precise
estimate of for each shape but rather we aim to provide a scheme
to compute the non-Gaussian contamination due to relativistic projection
effects. For the terms considered in this work, we obtain contamination of
.Comment: 31 pages, 6 figures, Typos corrected to match the published version
in JCA
Cultivo del brócoli, alternativa de producción hortÃcola en el oriente antioqueño.
Se refiere al cultivo del brócoli, Brassica oleracea como alternativa de producción para el oriente antioqueño de Colombia, indicando el valor nutritivo de la hortaliza, los requerimientos de clima, suelo y semillas, las distancias de siembra, variedades e hÃbridos aconsejados y las prácticas de fertilización, desyerba y riego. Se mencionan algunas plagas y enfermedades presentes en la región como Peronospora parasÃtica, Xanthomonas campestris, Alternaria sp. y la polilla del repollo, Plutella xylostella. Se dan instrucciones sobre cosecha y empaque del producto y su utilizaciónBrócoli-Brassica oleracea var. italic
Producción comercial de hortalizas en el centro de investigación "La Selva": un a estrategia de investigación, validación y transferencia de tecnologÃa
Con este trabajo se busca ofrecer nuevas alternativas a los horticultores, teniendo un permanente contacto con toda la cadena de producción y fue asà como se incursionó en nuevos esquemas de transporte, empaque y valor agregado. Se orientaron trabajos de poscosecha que permitieron un mejor aprovechamiento de los productos de segunda
Evaluating the performance of spectral indexes for identify high Andean wetlands
[EN] High Andean wetlands are habitats critical to life forms that have adapted to these extreme high mountain ecosystems, and for living beings that inhabit the lower parts of the basin; they are spaces that contain high diversity of flora and fauna characteristic of these places and are strongly associated with the water component. There lies the importance of identifying and monitoring ecosystems, using easy applicable methods and allowing results every two weeks approximately, they are inexpensive and highly reliable. Methods of monitoring in short periods, they are economically profitable and provide reliable information, they correspond to the evaluations by satellite images, specifically applying the methods of spectral indices. Thereby, the objective of the research was to evaluate the performance of six indices, considered to be the most used to identify high Andean wetlands (humidity index at surface level, normalized difference water index, normalized difference vegetation index, enhanced vegetation index, index of vegetation to the surface and tasseled CAP vegetation), in periods of low precipitation, using imagery Landsat 8 OLI. Comparing the performance of those indexes in the identification of wetlands through cross-validation and bootstrap statistical learning, the index that showed better performance was tasseled CAP vegetation, revealing the lowest value of the average of the mean square error of iterations between the test failure rate and training. The index tasseled CAP vegetation, shows greater reliability to identify and evaluate high Andean wetlands.[ES] Los humedales altoandinos son hábitats fundamentales para las formas de vida que se han adaptado a estos ecosistemas extremos de alta montaña, y para los seres vivos que habitan en las partes bajas de la cuenca; son espacios que albergan alta diversidad de flora y fauna propias de estos lugares y están fuertemente asociados con el componente hÃdrico. De allà radica la importancia de identificar y monitorear, utilizando métodos fácilmente aplicables y que permitan obtener resultados cada dos semanas aproximadamente, que sean poco costosos y altamente confiables. Los métodos de monitoreo en periodos cortos, económicamente rentables y proveen información confiable, corresponden a las evaluaciones mediante imágenes satelitales, especÃficamente aplicando los métodos de Ãndices espectrales. De tal modo, el objetivo de la investigación fue evaluar el desempeño de seis Ãndices, considerados como los más utilizados para identificar humedales altoandinos (Ãndice de humedad a nivel de superficie, Ãndice de diferencia normalizada de agua, Ãndice de vegetación de diferencia normalizada, Ãndice de vegetación mejorada, Ãndice de vegetación ajustada a la superficie y tasseled CAP vegetación), en periodos de escasa precipitación, utilizando imágenes Landsat 8 OLI. Comparando el desempeño de los referidos Ãndices en la identificación de humedales mediante el aprendizaje estadÃstico de validación cruzada y bootstrap, el Ãndice que mostró mejor desempeño fue tasseled CAP vegetación, revelando el valor más bajo del promedio de error medio cuadrático de las iteraciones entre la tasa de error de prueba y el entrenamiento. El Ãndice tasseled CAP vegetación, muestra mayor confiabilidad para identificar y evaluar humedales altoandinos.Aponte-Saravia, J.; Ospina-Noreña, JE. (2019). Evaluando el desempeño de Ãndices espectrales para identificar humedales alto andinos. Revista de Teledetección. (53):59-72. https://doi.org/10.4995/raet.2019.10580SWORD59725
Situación patológica de las hortalizas cultivadas en el oriente antioqueño.
Se indican los principales problemas fitopatológicos de las hortalizas en el Oriente Antioqueño, con énfasis en los cultivos de tomate, zanahoria, repollo, pimentón, remolacha, lechuga, cebolla de rama y coliflor. En relación con el tomate se mencionan los hongos Phytophthora infestans, Phoma andina, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas solanacearum, Alternaria solani y Botrytis cinerea principalmente. La zanahoria es atacada por los siguientes patógenos: Cercospora carotae, Alternaria dauci, el nematodo Meloidogyne spp. y por los hongos Rosellinia, Sclerotium rolfsii y Pythium. En el repollo se presenta ataque de Xanthomonas campestris, Mycosphaerela brassicola y Alternaria brassicae. En pimentón Alternaria solani, Cercospora capsci y Brotrytis cinerea. En las demás hortalizas prevalecen los hongos Cercospora beticola en remolacha, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum en lechuga y Alternaria porri y Peronospara destructor en ceboll
Khronon inflation
We study the possibility that the approximate time shift symmetry during
inflation is promoted to the full invariance under time reparametrization t \to
\tilde t(t), or equivalently under field redefinition of the inflaton \phi \to
\tilde\phi(\phi). The symmetry allows only two operators at leading order in
derivatives, so that all n-point functions of scalar perturbations are fixed in
terms of the power spectrum normalization and the speed of sound. During
inflation the decaying mode only decays as 1/a and this opens up the
possibility to violate some of the consistency relations in the squeezed limit,
although this violation is suppressed by the (small) breaking of the field
reparametrization symmetry. In particular one can get terms in the 3-point
function that are only suppressed by 1/k_L in the squeezed limit k_L \to 0
compared to the local shape.Comment: 15 pages, 1 figure, v2. changes regarding the violation of the
consistency relation. JCAP published versio
Conformal consistency relations for single-field inflation
We generalize the single-field consistency relations to capture not only the
leading term in the squeezed limit---going as 1/q^3, where q is the small
wavevector---but also the subleading one, going as 1/q^2. This term, for an
(n+1)-point function, is fixed in terms of the variation of the n-point
function under a special conformal transformation; this parallels the fact that
the 1/q^3 term is related with the scale dependence of the n-point function.
For the squeezed limit of the 3-point function, this conformal consistency
relation implies that there are no terms going as 1/q^2. We verify that the
squeezed limit of the 4-point function is related to the conformal variation of
the 3-point function both in the case of canonical slow-roll inflation and in
models with reduced speed of sound. In the second case the conformal
consistency conditions capture, at the level of observables, the relation among
operators induced by the non-linear realization of Lorentz invariance in the
Lagrangian. These results mean that, in any single-field model, primordial
correlation functions of \zeta are endowed with an SO(4,1) symmetry, with
dilations and special conformal transformations non-linearly realized by \zeta.
We also verify the conformal consistency relations for any n-point function in
models with a modulation of the inflaton potential, where the scale dependence
is not negligible. Finally, we generalize (some of) the consistency relations
involving tensors and soft internal momenta.Comment: 26 pages, 1 figure. v2. Corrected typos, notably a sign error in eq.
(54). Matches JCAP published versio
The Efficacy of Auditory Perceptual Training for Tinnitus: A Systematic Review
Auditory perceptual training affects neural plasticity and so represents a potential strategy for tinnitus management. We assessed the effects of auditory perceptual training on tinnitus perception and/or its intrusiveness via a systematic review of published literature. An electronic database search using the keywords ‘tinnitus and learning’ or ‘tinnitus and training’ was conducted, updated by a hand search. The ten studies identified were reviewed independently by two reviewers, data were extracted, study quality was assessed according to a number of specific criteria and the information was synthesised using a narrative approach. Nine out of the ten studies reported some significant change in either self-reported or psychoacoustic outcome measures after auditory training. However, all studies were quality rated as providing low or moderate levels of evidence for an effect. We identify a need for appropriately randomised and controlled studies that will generate high-quality unbiased and generalisable evidence to ascertain whether or not auditory perceptual training has a clinically relevant effect on tinnitus
The Effective Theory of Quintessence: the w<-1 Side Unveiled
We study generic single-field dark energy models, by a parametrization of the
most general theory of their perturbations around a given background, including
higher derivative terms. In appropriate limits this approach reproduces
standard quintessence, k-essence and ghost condensation. We find no general
pathology associated to an equation of state w_Q < -1 or in crossing the
phantom divide w_Q = -1. Stability requires that the w_Q < -1 side of dark
energy behaves, on cosmological scales, as a k-essence fluid with a virtually
zero speed of sound. This implies that one should set the speed of sound to
zero when comparing with data models with w_Q < -1 or crossing the phantom
divide. We summarize the theoretical and stability constraints on the
quintessential plane (1+w_Q) vs. speed of sound squared.Comment: 35 pages, 5 figures, v3: minor modifications, JCAP published versio
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