Efikasi Diri Dan Kecemasan Dalam Kompetisi Berwirausaha Pada Anggota Hipmi Universitas Diponegoro Semarang

Persaingan bisnis yang sekarang berkembang sangat cepat tentu dapat menimbulkan pemikiran tersendiri,kecemasan dalam menghadapi kompetisi dapat mempengaruhi bagaimana seseorang dalam memandang USAhanya. Efikasi diri merupakan keyakinan diri seseorang terhadap kesempatannya untuk sukses dan menyelesaikan tugas tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara efikasi diri dengan kecemasan dalam kompetisi berwirausaha pada anggota HIPMI Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Jumlah sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu 68 orang. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik sampling simple random. Alat pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah Skala Efikasi Diri (36 aitem; α = 0,908) dan Skala Kecemasan dalam Kompetisi berwirausaha (22 aitem; α= 0,891). Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis regresi sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan negatif yang signifikan antara efikasi diri dengan kecemasan dalam kompetisi berwirausaha (rxy= -0,553; p < 0,001). Semakin tinggi efikasi diri maka semakin rendah kecemasan dalam kompetisi berwirausaha dan sebaliknya. Sumbangan efektif efikasi diri terhadap kecemasan dalam kompetisi berwirausaha sebesar 30,5% dan sisanya ditentukan oleh faktor lain yang tidak diungkap dalam penelitian

First Record in Honduras of the Halfbeak Hyporhampus roberti hildebrandi, Jordan and Everman 1927, (Hemiramphidae) Collected in an Inland Reservoir

An inhabitant of tropical America, the Central American halfbeak (Hyporhamphus roberti hildebrandi), is one of 2 subspecies of halfbeaks of the subgenus Hyporhamphus (Collette 2003, Collette 2004) that belong to the family Hemiramphidae. This family has representatives from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans (Greenfield and Thomerson 1997, Berra 2001, Collette 2004), and nearly all species are marine; however, some Hemiramphidae species in the Indo-Australian region are restricted to freshwater (Greenfield and Thomerson 1997). The distributional range of H. r. hildebrandi extends along the Caribbean coast of Central America from Mexico to the Gulf of Uraba in Colombia (Collette 2004, Miller et al. 2005). The sub-species is considered marine and estuarine, commonly found in mangrove forests (Greenfield and Thomerson 1997), and coastal lagoons (Schmitter-Soto 1998, Díaz-Ruiz et al. 2003, Collette 2004). For example, they have been collected in the Laguna de Bacalar in southern Mexico (Schmitter-Soto 1998) and the Tortuguero National Park in Costa Rica (Winemiller and Leslie 1992). Previous specimens collected in Honduras have been from estuarine and marine systems or from freshwater systems with a direct connection to brackish or marine water (see NeoDat, http://www.neodat.org). Here, we report the first record of H. r. hildebrandi in Honduran freshwater (see Reis et at. 2003) as well as in a landlocked freshwater body of water

Practical issues and limitations of brain attenuation correction on a simultaneous PET-MR scanner

BACKGROUND: Despite the advent of clinical PET-MR imaging for routine use in 2011 and the development of several methods to address the problem of attenuation correction, some challenges remain. We have identified and investigated several issues that might affect the reliability and accuracy of current attenuation correction methods when these are implemented for clinical and research studies of the brain. These are (1) the accuracy of converting CT Hounsfield units, obtained from an independently acquired CT scan, to 511 keV linear attenuation coefficients; (2) the effect of padding used in the MR head coil; (3) the presence of close-packed hair; (4) the effect of headphones. For each of these, we have examined the effect on reconstructed PET images and evaluated practical mitigating measures. RESULTS: Our major findings were (1) for both Siemens and GE PET-MR systems, CT data from either a Siemens or a GE PET-CT scanner may be used, provided the conversion to 511 keV μ-map is performed by the PET-MR vendor’s own method, as implemented on their PET-CT scanner; (2) the effect of the head coil pads is minimal; (3) the effect of dense hair in the field of view is marked (> 10% error in reconstructed PET images); and (4) using headphones and not including them in the attenuation map causes significant errors in reconstructed PET images, but the risk of scanning without them may be acceptable following sound level measurements. CONCLUSIONS: It is important that the limitations of attenuation correction in PET-MR are considered when designing research and clinical PET-MR protocols in order to enable accurate quantification of brain PET scans. Whilst the effect of pads is not significant, dense hair, the use of headphones and the use of an independently acquired CT-scan can all lead to non-negligible effects on PET quantification. Although seemingly trivial, these effects add complications to setting up protocols for clinical and research PET-MR studies that do not occur with PET-CT. In the absence of more sophisticated PET-MR brain attenuation correction, the effect of all of the issues above can be minimised if the pragmatic approaches presented in this work are followed

Monitoring coral reefs within the Reef 2050 Integrated Monitoring and Reporting Program: final report of the coral reef expert group

[Extract] The Coral Reef Expert Group (CREG) was one of eight expert groups, which all followed a prescribed process to recommend a design for their thematic component. The tasks of the expert groups included: • Synopsis of the theme, to include discussion on current state, primary drivers, pressures and responses using DPSIR framework. • Review of all current monitoring and modelling activities relevant to the expert group theme. • Identify candidate indicators that can be monitored and would provide information about trend, status or forecasting of value or the system. • Evaluation of the adequacy and confidence of current monitoring and modelling of candidate indicators, determined by their ability to meet the objectives of the RIMReP and management needs provided by the Authority. • Identification and discussion of gaps and opportunities in current monitoring and modelling of such indicators. • Evaluation of new monitoring technologies for their potential to increase efficiency or statistical power and their compatibility with long-term datasets. • Recommendations for monitoring design including consideration of primary indicators, continuity of data sets, how the design addresses management needs, modification to existing programs, costing and transition strategies.An accessible copy of this report is not yet available from this repository, please contact [email protected] for more information

<i>KCNV2</i>-associated retinopathy:genotype-phenotype correlations-<i>KCNV2</i> study group report 3

Background/aims To investigate genotype–phenotype associations in patients with KCNV2 retinopathy.Methods Review of clinical notes, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), molecular variants, electroretinography (ERG) and retinal imaging. Subjects were grouped according to the combination of KCNV2 variants—two loss-of-function (TLOF), two missense (TM) or one of each (MLOF)—and parameters were compared.Results Ninety-two patients were included. The mean age of onset (mean±SD) in TLOF (n=55), TM (n=23) and MLOF (n=14) groups was 3.51±0.58, 4.07±2.76 and 5.54±3.38 years, respectively. The mean LogMAR BCVA (±SD) at baseline in TLOF, TM and MLOF groups was 0.89±0.25, 0.67±0.38 and 0.81±0.35 for right, and 0.88±0.26, 0.69±0.33 and 0.78±0.33 for left eyes, respectively. The difference in BCVA between groups at baseline was significant in right (p=0.03) and left eyes (p=0.035). Mean outer nuclear layer thickness (±SD) at baseline in TLOF, MLOF and TM groups was 37.07±15.20 µm, 40.67±12.53 and 40.38±18.67, respectively, which was not significantly different (p=0.85). The mean ellipsoid zone width (EZW) loss (±SD) was 2051 µm (±1318) for patients in the TLOF, and 1314 µm (±965) for MLOF. Only one patient in the TM group had EZW loss at presentation. There was considerable overlap in ERG findings, although the largest DA 10 ERG b-waves were associated with TLOF and the smallest with TM variants.Conclusions Patients with missense alterations had better BCVA and greater structural integrity. This is important for patient prognostication and counselling, as well as stratification for future gene therapy trials

Molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying the evolution of form and function in the amniote jaw.

The amniote jaw complex is a remarkable amalgamation of derivatives from distinct embryonic cell lineages. During development, the cells in these lineages experience concerted movements, migrations, and signaling interactions that take them from their initial origins to their final destinations and imbue their derivatives with aspects of form including their axial orientation, anatomical identity, size, and shape. Perturbations along the way can produce defects and disease, but also generate the variation necessary for jaw evolution and adaptation. We focus on molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate form in the amniote jaw complex, and that enable structural and functional integration. Special emphasis is placed on the role of cranial neural crest mesenchyme (NCM) during the species-specific patterning of bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, and other jaw tissues. We also address the effects of biomechanical forces during jaw development and discuss ways in which certain molecular and cellular responses add adaptive and evolutionary plasticity to jaw morphology. Overall, we highlight how variation in molecular and cellular programs can promote the phenomenal diversity and functional morphology achieved during amniote jaw evolution or lead to the range of jaw defects and disease that affect the human condition

KCNV2-associated retinopathy: genotype–phenotype correlations – KCNV2 study group report 3

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate genotype–phenotype associations in patients withKCNV2retinopathy. METHODS: Review of clinical notes, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), molecular variants, electroretinography (ERG) and retinal imaging. Subjects were grouped according to the combination ofKCNV2variants—two loss-of-function (TLOF), two missense (TM) or one of each (MLOF)—and parameters were compared. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients were included. The mean age of onset (mean±SD) in TLOF (n=55), TM (n=23) and MLOF (n=14) groups was 3.51±0.58, 4.07±2.76 and 5.54±3.38 years, respectively. The mean LogMAR BCVA (±SD) at baseline in TLOF, TM and MLOF groups was 0.89±0.25, 0.67±0.38 and 0.81±0.35 for right, and 0.88±0.26, 0.69±0.33 and 0.78±0.33 for left eyes, respectively. The difference in BCVA between groups at baseline was significant in right (p=0.03) and left eyes (p=0.035). Mean outer nuclear layer thickness (±SD) at baseline in TLOF, MLOF and TM groups was 37.07±15.20 µm, 40.67±12.53 and 40.38±18.67, respectively, which was not significantly different (p=0.85). The mean ellipsoid zone width (EZW) loss (±SD) was 2051 µm (±1318) for patients in the TLOF, and 1314 µm (±965) for MLOF. Only one patient in the TM group had EZW loss at presentation. There was considerable overlap in ERG findings, although the largest DA 10 ERG b-waves were associated with TLOF and the smallest with TM variants. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with missense alterations had better BCVA and greater structural integrity. This is important for patient prognostication and counselling, as well as stratification for future gene therapy trials

Detection of 1014F kdr mutation in four major Anopheline malaria vectors in Indonesia

Background: Malaria is a serious public health problem in Indonesia, particularly in areas outside Java and Bali. The spread of resistance to the currently available anti-malarial drugs or insecticides used for mosquito control would cause an increase in malaria transmission. To better understand patterns of transmission and resistance in Indonesia, an integrated mosquito survey was conducted in three areas with different malaria endemicities, Purworejo in Central Java, South Lampung District in Sumatera and South Halmahera District in North Mollucca.\ud Methods: Mosquitoes were collected from the three areas through indoor and outdoor human landing catches (HLC) and indoor restinging catches. Specimens were identified morphologically by species and kept individually in 1.5 ml Eppendorf microtube. A fragment of the VGSC gene from 95 mosquito samples was sequenced and kdr allelic variation determined.\ud Results: The molecular analysis of these anopheline mosquitoes revealed the existence of the 1014F allele in 4 major malaria vectors from South Lampung. These species include, Anopheles sundaicus, Anopheles aconitus, Anopheles subpictus\ud andAnopheles vagus. The 1014F allele was not found in the other areas.\ud Conclusion: The finding documents the presence of this mutant allele in Indonesia, and implies that selection pressure on the Anopheles population in this area has occurred. Further studies to determine the impact of the resistance allele on the efficacy of pyrethroids in control programmes are neede