42 research outputs found

    Inhomogeneous Magnetism in La-doped CaMnO3. (II) Mesoscopic Phase Separation due to Lattice-coupled FM Interactions

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    A detailed investigation of mesoscopic magnetic and crystallographic phase separation in Ca(1-x)La(x)MnO3, 0.00<=x<=0.20, is reported. Neutron powder diffraction and DC-magnetization techniques have been used to isolate the different roles played by electrons doped into the eg level as a function of their concentration x. The presence of multiple low-temperature magnetic and crystallographic phases within individual polycrystalline samples is argued to be an intrinsic feature of the system that follows from the shifting balance between competing FM and AFM interactions as a function of temperature. FM double-exchange interactions associated with doped eg electrons are favored over competing AFM interactions at higher temperatures, and couple more strongly with the lattice via orbital polarization. These FM interactions thereby play a privileged role, even at low eg electron concentrations, by virtue of structural modifications induced above the AFM transition temperatures.Comment: 8 pages, 7 figure

    Anxiety Disorders and Sensory Over-Responsivity in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Is There a Causal Relationship?

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    Anxiety disorders and sensory over-responsivity (SOR) are common in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and there is evidence for an association between these two conditions. Currently, it is unclear what causal mechanisms may exist between SOR and anxiety. We propose three possible theories to explain the association between anxiety and SOR: (a) SOR is caused by anxiety; (b) Anxiety is caused by SOR; or (c) SOR and anxiety are causally unrelated but are associated through a common risk factor or diagnostic overlap. In this paper, we examine support for each theory in the existing anxiety, autism, and neuroscience literature, and discuss how each theory informs choice of interventions and implications for future studies

    Evaluating MRI biomarkers of tumour hypoxia

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    Tumour hypoxia is associated with resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and represents a major challenge in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Non-invasive imaging methods to repeatedly and rapidly quantify the degree and spatial distribution of hypoxia would offer clinical benefit. This thesis focusses on the evaluation of oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (OE-MRI) for mapping and quantifying hypoxia in HNSCC xenografts in vivo. OE-MRI relies on the quantification of changes in the longitudinal MRI relaxation rate R1, induced by excess paramagnetic oxygen molecules dissolved in blood plasma and interstitial fluid with inhalation of oxygen. A refined OE-MRI protocol was first developed, designed to incorporate susceptibility MRI in the same imaging session, thereby providing measurements of tumour R1 and R2 during air and 100% O2 breathing, and fractional blood volume (fBV) using ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles. MRI biomarkers were validated through comparison with image-aligned tissue sections stained for the hypoxia marker pimonidazole, and the perfusion marker Hoechst 33342. Susceptibility MRI revealed that hyperoxia-induced DR2*O2-air inversely correlated with pimonidazole-derived hypoxic fraction, and fBV positively correlated with Hoechst 33342 uptake. Parcellation of the voxelwise DR2*O2-air identified voxels non-responsive to hyperoxia that may inform on cycling hypoxia. OE-MRI showed that both tumour sub-volumes refractory to hyperoxia induced changes in R1 (OxyR), and perfused OxyR (pOxyR) were associated with an extensive and heterogeneous distribution of hypoxia across the HNSCC xenografts. Both OxyR positively correlated with pimonidazole-derived hypoxic fraction, suggesting that binerisation of hyperoxia-induced DR1 data with a perfusion mask may not be necessary in strongly hypoxic tumours such as HNSCC. Finally, the potential utility of OE-MRI for monitoring tumour response to the hypoxia-alleviating drug atovaquone was investigated. OE-MRI can identify and quantify hypoxia in HNSCC and could provide an easily translatable imaging tool for patient stratification and treatment management

    Influence of visual features on the ability to locate information on a screen: recommendations for seniors.

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    International audienceAs part of a project to design more ergonomic web-application portals for older users, we established recommendations on color choices and the level of detail needed to make it easier for seniors to locate icons and lexical labels. The experimental protocol featured an original combination of eye tracking and an ecological environment (participants’ homes). Participants had to locate different targets in different color and detail conditions. Results showed that the combination of a figurative target with an incongruent color increased target location times, but only if there was a strong target concept congruent color link. Furthermore, a high level of detail for figurative targets improved reaction times, but only when there was a weak concept congruent color link. These effects were linked to the implementation of top down processes.Keywords: Eye Tracking, Information Location Task, Older Adult, Color, Level of Detail, Top-Down ProcessesL’étude qui est dĂ©crite dans cet article s’inscrit dans un projet de conception du systĂšme de tĂ©lĂ©santĂ© et de maintien Ă  domicile, dit HADAGIO, qui est essentiellement destinĂ© Ă  un public ĂągĂ©. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition de l’ergonomie des interfaces du portail d’applications Web qui va permettre aux utilisateurs sĂ©niors d’accĂ©der aux services proposĂ©s par ce systĂšme. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, un objectif appliquĂ© consistera Ă  proposer des recommandations concernant d’une part les couleurs des icĂŽnes et des libellĂ©s lexicaux prĂ©sents sur le portail, et d’autre part le niveau de dĂ©tails Ă  prĂ©coniser pour ces icĂŽnes, afin de faciliter la tĂąche de localisation de ces cibles sur le portail par des sĂ©niors. AprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© des hypothĂšses concernant le rĂŽle de ces Ă©lĂ©ments de surface sur les performances de localisation de cibles, nous avons donc mis en place un protocole expĂ©rimental dont la particularitĂ© est de reposer sur l’utilisation d’un dispositif d’oculomĂ©trie dans un environnement Ă©cologique (au domicile des personnes ĂągĂ©es). Les participants devaient localiser des cibles dans diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de couleur et de niveau de dĂ©tails. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que l’association d’une cible figurative avec une couleur qui lui est non congruente dĂ©grade les performances de temps de localisation de cette cible du fait d’un nombre de distracteurs fixĂ©s avant la cible plus Ă©levĂ©, mais uniquement si le lien cible-couleur congruente est fort. Ces rĂ©sultats ne sont pas retrouvĂ©s lors de la localisation de cibles lexicales. Par ailleurs, un niveau de dĂ©tails Ă©levĂ© des cibles figuratives permet d’amĂ©liorer les performances de temps de localisation, du fait d’une moindre latence saccadique, mais uniquement lorsque le lien cible-couleur congruente est faible. Ces effets de la couleur et du niveau de dĂ©tails des cibles figuratives seraient liĂ©s Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre de processus de type Top-Down lors de la tĂąche de localisation des cibles

    Surface Reactivity Control Of A Borosilicate Glass Using Thermal Poling

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    The ability to control glass surface reactivity at different length enables key properties required for future smart substrates . Employing a thermal poling process on a specific borosilicate glass composition can yield a surface with tailored physical and chemical properties. This work shows that during poling, alkali contained in the glass matrix migrates from the anode to the cathode side of the specimen, yielding the formation of an alkali-depleted layer under the anode. We have shown that this process is responsible for structural changes in the glass network and the formation of a frozen electric field within the glass. Network reorganization is linked to the creation of BØ3 units, which replace BØ4- entities upon migration of the alkali ions. The resulting newly charged borate structure leads to a measurable change in the glass\u27 affinity to atmospheric water, being attracted to the poled anodic zone. Such spatial control of surface hydrophilicity can aid in the creation of tailored surface functionality

    Influence of visual features on the ability to locate information on a screen: recommendations for seniors.

    No full text
    International audienceAs part of a project to design more ergonomic web-application portals for older users, we established recommendations on color choices and the level of detail needed to make it easier for seniors to locate icons and lexical labels. The experimental protocol featured an original combination of eye tracking and an ecological environment (participants’ homes). Participants had to locate different targets in different color and detail conditions. Results showed that the combination of a figurative target with an incongruent color increased target location times, but only if there was a strong target concept congruent color link. Furthermore, a high level of detail for figurative targets improved reaction times, but only when there was a weak concept congruent color link. These effects were linked to the implementation of top down processes.Keywords: Eye Tracking, Information Location Task, Older Adult, Color, Level of Detail, Top-Down ProcessesL’étude qui est dĂ©crite dans cet article s’inscrit dans un projet de conception du systĂšme de tĂ©lĂ©santĂ© et de maintien Ă  domicile, dit HADAGIO, qui est essentiellement destinĂ© Ă  un public ĂągĂ©. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition de l’ergonomie des interfaces du portail d’applications Web qui va permettre aux utilisateurs sĂ©niors d’accĂ©der aux services proposĂ©s par ce systĂšme. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, un objectif appliquĂ© consistera Ă  proposer des recommandations concernant d’une part les couleurs des icĂŽnes et des libellĂ©s lexicaux prĂ©sents sur le portail, et d’autre part le niveau de dĂ©tails Ă  prĂ©coniser pour ces icĂŽnes, afin de faciliter la tĂąche de localisation de ces cibles sur le portail par des sĂ©niors. AprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© des hypothĂšses concernant le rĂŽle de ces Ă©lĂ©ments de surface sur les performances de localisation de cibles, nous avons donc mis en place un protocole expĂ©rimental dont la particularitĂ© est de reposer sur l’utilisation d’un dispositif d’oculomĂ©trie dans un environnement Ă©cologique (au domicile des personnes ĂągĂ©es). Les participants devaient localiser des cibles dans diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de couleur et de niveau de dĂ©tails. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que l’association d’une cible figurative avec une couleur qui lui est non congruente dĂ©grade les performances de temps de localisation de cette cible du fait d’un nombre de distracteurs fixĂ©s avant la cible plus Ă©levĂ©, mais uniquement si le lien cible-couleur congruente est fort. Ces rĂ©sultats ne sont pas retrouvĂ©s lors de la localisation de cibles lexicales. Par ailleurs, un niveau de dĂ©tails Ă©levĂ© des cibles figuratives permet d’amĂ©liorer les performances de temps de localisation, du fait d’une moindre latence saccadique, mais uniquement lorsque le lien cible-couleur congruente est faible. Ces effets de la couleur et du niveau de dĂ©tails des cibles figuratives seraient liĂ©s Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre de processus de type Top-Down lors de la tĂąche de localisation des cibles

    Influence of visual features on the ability to locate information on a screen: recommendations for seniors.

    No full text
    International audienceAs part of a project to design more ergonomic web-application portals for older users, we established recommendations on color choices and the level of detail needed to make it easier for seniors to locate icons and lexical labels. The experimental protocol featured an original combination of eye tracking and an ecological environment (participants’ homes). Participants had to locate different targets in different color and detail conditions. Results showed that the combination of a figurative target with an incongruent color increased target location times, but only if there was a strong target concept congruent color link. Furthermore, a high level of detail for figurative targets improved reaction times, but only when there was a weak concept congruent color link. These effects were linked to the implementation of top down processes.Keywords: Eye Tracking, Information Location Task, Older Adult, Color, Level of Detail, Top-Down ProcessesL’étude qui est dĂ©crite dans cet article s’inscrit dans un projet de conception du systĂšme de tĂ©lĂ©santĂ© et de maintien Ă  domicile, dit HADAGIO, qui est essentiellement destinĂ© Ă  un public ĂągĂ©. Cette Ă©tude vise Ă  contribuer Ă  la dĂ©finition de l’ergonomie des interfaces du portail d’applications Web qui va permettre aux utilisateurs sĂ©niors d’accĂ©der aux services proposĂ©s par ce systĂšme. Plus prĂ©cisĂ©ment, un objectif appliquĂ© consistera Ă  proposer des recommandations concernant d’une part les couleurs des icĂŽnes et des libellĂ©s lexicaux prĂ©sents sur le portail, et d’autre part le niveau de dĂ©tails Ă  prĂ©coniser pour ces icĂŽnes, afin de faciliter la tĂąche de localisation de ces cibles sur le portail par des sĂ©niors. AprĂšs avoir prĂ©sentĂ© des hypothĂšses concernant le rĂŽle de ces Ă©lĂ©ments de surface sur les performances de localisation de cibles, nous avons donc mis en place un protocole expĂ©rimental dont la particularitĂ© est de reposer sur l’utilisation d’un dispositif d’oculomĂ©trie dans un environnement Ă©cologique (au domicile des personnes ĂągĂ©es). Les participants devaient localiser des cibles dans diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s de couleur et de niveau de dĂ©tails. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que l’association d’une cible figurative avec une couleur qui lui est non congruente dĂ©grade les performances de temps de localisation de cette cible du fait d’un nombre de distracteurs fixĂ©s avant la cible plus Ă©levĂ©, mais uniquement si le lien cible-couleur congruente est fort. Ces rĂ©sultats ne sont pas retrouvĂ©s lors de la localisation de cibles lexicales. Par ailleurs, un niveau de dĂ©tails Ă©levĂ© des cibles figuratives permet d’amĂ©liorer les performances de temps de localisation, du fait d’une moindre latence saccadique, mais uniquement lorsque le lien cible-couleur congruente est faible. Ces effets de la couleur et du niveau de dĂ©tails des cibles figuratives seraient liĂ©s Ă  la mise en Ɠuvre de processus de type Top-Down lors de la tĂąche de localisation des cibles

    Micro-Structuring The Surface Reactivity Of A Borosilicate Glass Via Thermal Poling

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    Thermal poling was proven successful to induce second order nonlinear properties and concurrent modification of composition, structure and chemical reactivity in glasses. With current efforts to reduce devices sizes in components employing such attributes, means to control changes at the micrometer scale are needed. We present a micro-imprinting poling process to locally tailor surface properties of a glass. Measurements using infrared, Raman and second harmonic generation microscopies confirm that changes in glass structure associated with an induced static electric field are responsible for the enhanced surface reactivity that is successfully controlled at the micrometer scale

    Quantitative and qualitative analysis of breakfast nutritional composition in French schoolchildren aged 9-11 years

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    International audienceBackground The present study aimed to analyse the nutritional quality of childrens' breakfasts using data collected during a cross-sectional observational study on the prevalence of urinary osmolality in 529 French children aged 9–11 years. Methods Total nutrient intake, mean adequacy ratio (MAR), energy density and solid energy density were calculated from breakfast food and fluid nutritional composition. To identify the main qualitative breakfast patterns, each breakfast item was categorised into 15 solid and liquid food categories and a principal component analysis followed by a cluster analysis was performed. Results Only 9.8% included skipped breakfast. Breakfast provided, on average, 22.9% of the recommended daily energy intake and 24.7% of the mean adequacy ratio of 23 key nutrients. Four breakfast patterns were identified: ‘Sweets breakfast’ (40.0% of children), ‘Traditional French breakfast’ (27.2%), ‘Ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) + milk’ (18.1%) and ‘Dairy and juice breakfast’ (9.5%). Nutritionally, the ‘RTEC + milk’ pattern was the most advantageous. Flavoured milk was the most frequently consumed food (50.5%) and the major component of the ‘Traditional French breakfast’. Conclusions Although breakfast provided a substantial contribution to a range of nutrients, opportunity for improvement, particularly to less nutrient breakfast patterns, should not be overlooked
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