Sadness and gladness.

Lebas states that this essay on the first period of Glasgow Corporation's cinematic enterprise in Scotland begins with a discussion of photographs by Thomas Annan, taken in the 1860s and 1870s, which not only suggests that a shift would take place in the representation of social reform from a written to visual imagery, but also suggests that this shift indicated a change in sensibility. There was a fundamental difference in that the films implied not a viewer, but a collective, an audience, which was now made up of citizens, assembled as part of a social contract between themselves and the municipality they had elected. Muncipal cinema was a cinema of social democracy which had to appeal to the widest possible audience in order to fulfill its central political motive, namely to gain consent and consensus. After World War I, the Glasgow Corporation's commissioning of films demonstrated to its citizenry the possibility of a better and more orderly life was a judicious propaganda strategy. An indication of some themes that the Corporation relied on may be useful: Firstly, there is the imagery of 19th century reformism; equally important was the feeling of inclusion for the audience; thirdly, the films showed a positive contrast between "then" and "now" and "before" and "after"; fourthly, the films exploited collective pride in the city; and lastly, the films not only drew upon established photographic and film genres, but also upon popular Scottish and urban performance traditions. This article traces Glasgow Corporation's early involvement with cinema after the First World War in terms of its earlier relation to the documentary photography of Thomas Annan and argues for the significance of municipal cinema in the advent of universal suffrage

Glasgow's progress.

This article examines the significance of the 1938 Empire Exhibition in defining relations between Glasgow Corporation's film sponsorship activities, the early Scottish documentary film movement and Glasgow's position in Scottish identity after the Second World War. The research for this article, and for its pair, Sadness and Gladness, led to the exhibition Sadness and Gladness and its related events

Session 11 - “Dangerous things”: A Symbolic domain for killer bees

Viewing usage of words in culture as key symbols, Sherry B. Ortner\u27s indicators were applied to an analysis of the lay-public’s use of killer bee , Africanized Honey Bee , and honey bee . While conducting social impact study in southern Nevada, the author noticed that informants were not associating killer bee with honey bee imagery. Interviews were conducted with residents in the community of Boulder City, Nevada focusing upon symbolic linkage between the expressions: honey bee, killer bee and Africanized Honey Bee. It was determined that people do not link these expressions together in the same symbolic domain. Ethnohistory of the human/bee relationship was presented to show how human cultures have conceptualized and prized honey bees over time. Further, this article is an examination of why separate symbolic domains are established for different categorical meanings applied to honey bees

Invloed van cadmiumconcentraties in minerale of plantaardige grondstoffen op deze gehaltes in bloed en nieren van vleesvarkens

De mogelijke cadmiumbelasting in varkens kan worden verklaard door de bijdrage van de plaatselijke landbouw, maar ook door het gebruik van minerale grondstoffen die niet lokaal worden geproduceerd. Het doel van deze studie is een vergelijking tussen de effecten van plantaardige of minerale grondstoffen met een Cd-gehalte dicht onder de toegestane norm op de concentratie in de nieren van vleesvarkens. Het Cd-gehalte in bloed geeft de recente blootstelling van de varkens weer, terwijl het Cd-gehalte in de nieren de cumulatieve blootstelling weergeeft. Het bloedgehalte en de uiteindelijke nierconcentratie van Cd zijn niet verschillend voor varkens die door de minerale fractie of de plantaardige fractie van een mengvoer blootgesteld zijn aan een verhoogd Cd-gehalte

The suburban landscape: 200 years of gardens and gardening.

Gardens are a vital part of what defines the suburban landscape. Gardened spaces between the houses, roads and stations help define the suburb as ‘suburban’ – at the heart of which is the private garden, at both the front and back of the dwelling. This exhibition considered the significance of gardens and gardening in the making of what has become the most ‘English’ of landscape environments. The first part looked at the evolution of the landscape as a whole, including the development of public open spaces. It suggested that despite subsequent infilling and densification, the landscape had largely acquired its character by the Second World War. Although increasingly at risk of development, private gardens still make up a large part of the suburban landscape and gardening remains one of the nation’s consuming passions. The second part of the exhibition argued that the private uses of the suburban garden are intimately linked to the shared values of the larger public landscape

Pneumopathie médicamenteuse sous sirolimus : interaction avec l’atorvastatine ?

Introduction Sirolimus is an immunosupressant used in renal transplantation because of its lack of nephrotoxicity. We report four cases of pneumonitis due to sirolimus, possibly revealing an interaction with atorvastatin. Case report Four patients (previously on long-term treatment with atorvastatin) presented with respiratory symptoms between 3 and 56 months after starting treatment with sirolimus following renal transplantation. Thoracic CT scans showed bilateral areas of peripheral alveolar consolidation. Bronchial lavage showed a lymphocytic alveolitis. Open-lung biopsy showed organizing pneumonia associated with diffuse alveolar damage and caseating granulomata. We attributed the pneumonitis to sirolimus on account of clinical and radiological resolution within 1 to 6 months of stopping treatment. We raise the possibility of an association between sirolimus and atorvastatin by competition for their hepatic degradation pathway via cytochrome P450 3A4. Conclusion Sirolimus causes drug-induced pneumonitis that is predominantly an organizing pneumonia. Atorvastatin may encourage its development by competition with sirolimus in the liver

Neonatal azithromycin administration to prevent infant mortality: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

IntroductionBiannual mass azithromycin distribution to children aged 1-59 months has been shown to reduce all-cause mortality. Children under 28 days of age were not treated in studies evaluating mass azithromycin distribution for child mortality due to concerns related to infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (IHPS). Here, we report the design of a randomised controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of administration of a single dose of oral azithromycin during the neonatal period.Methods and analysisThe Nouveaux-nés et Azithromycine: une Innovation dans le Traitement des Enfants (NAITRE) study is a double-masked randomised placebo-controlled trial designed to evaluate the efficacy of a single dose of azithromycin (20 mg/kg) for the prevention of child mortality. Newborns (n=21 712) aged 8-27 days weighing at least 2500 g are 1:1 randomised to a single, directly observed, oral dose of azithromycin or matching placebo. Participants are followed weekly for 3 weeks after treatment to screen for adverse events, including IHPS. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality at the 6-month study visit.Ethics and disseminationThis study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards at the University of California, San Francisco in San Francisco, USA (Protocol #18-25027) and the Comité National d'Ethique pour la Recherche in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso (Protocol #2018-10-123). The findings of this trial will be presented at local, regional and international meetings and published in open access peer-reviewed journals.Trial registration numberNCT03682653; Pre-results

A double-masked placebo-controlled trial of azithromycin to prevent child mortality in Burkina Faso, West Africa: Community Health with Azithromycin Trial (CHAT) study protocol.

BACKGROUND:Biannual, mass azithromycin distribution has previously been shown to reduce all-cause child mortality in sub-Saharan Africa. Subgroup analysis suggested that the strongest effects were in the youngest children, leading to the hypothesis that targeting younger age groups might be an effective strategy to prevent mortality. We present the methods of two randomized controlled trials designed to evaluate mass and targeted azithromycin distribution for the prevention of child mortality in Burkina Faso, West Africa. METHODS/DESIGN:The Child Health with Azithromycin Treatment (CHAT) study consists of two nested, randomized controlled trials. In the first, communities are randomized in a 1:1 fashion to biannual, mass azithromycin distribution or placebo. The primary outcome is under-5 all-cause mortality measured at the community level. In the second, children attending primary healthcare facilities during the first 5-12 weeks of life for a healthy child visit (e.g., for vaccination) are randomized in a 1:1 fashion to a single orally administered dose of azithromycin or placebo. The primary outcome is all-cause mortality measured at 6 months of age. The trial commenced enrollment in August 2019. DISCUSSION:This study is expected to provide evidence on two health systems delivery approaches (mass and targeted treatment) for azithromycin to prevent all-cause child mortality. The results will inform global and national policies related to azithromycin for the prevention of child mortality. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT03676764. Registered on 19 September 2018; prospectively registered pre results

Granulomatous Reactions from Tattoos Following BRAF Inhibitor Therapy

BRAF inhibitors may present several cutaneous adverse effects, including actinic keratosis, squamous cell carcinoma, keratoacanthoma, rashes, increased photosensitivity, panniculitis, palmoplantar and capillary involvement, pruritus and xerosis as well as granulomatous reactions. A 30-year-old patient with multiple tattoos received dabrafenib and trametinib for metastatic melanoma. After 4 months, he developed an induration and thickening strictly limited to several tattoos. Histopathology revealed nonnecrotizing granulomas in the dermis. Topical steroids relieved pruritus but not the granulomatous aspect of the tattoos. As far as we know, this is the first description of granulomatous reactions restricted to preexisting tattoos following BRAF inhibitor therapy

Till death (or an intruder) do us part: intrasexual-competition in a monogamous Primate

Polygynous animals are often highly dimorphic, and show large sex-differences in the degree of intra-sexual competition and aggression, which is associated with biased operational sex ratios (OSR). For socially monogamous, sexually monomorphic species, this relationship is less clear. Among mammals, pair-living has sometimes been assumed to imply equal OSR and low frequency, low intensity intra-sexual competition; even when high rates of intra-sexual competition and selection, in both sexes, have been theoretically predicted and described for various taxa. Owl monkeys are one of a few socially monogamous primates. Using long-term demographic and morphological data from 18 groups, we show that male and female owl monkeys experience intense intra-sexual competition and aggression from solitary floaters. Pair-mates are regularly replaced by intruding floaters (27 female and 23 male replacements in 149 group-years), with negative effects on the reproductive success of both partners. Individuals with only one partner during their life produced 25% more offspring per decade of tenure than those with two or more partners. The termination of the pair-bond is initiated by the floater, and sometimes has fatal consequences for the expelled adult. The existence of floaters and the sporadic, but intense aggression between them and residents suggest that it can be misleading to assume an equal OSR in socially monogamous species based solely on group composition. Instead, we suggest that sexual selection models must assume not equal, but flexible, context-specific, OSR in monogamous species.Wenner-Gren Foundation, L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, the National Geographic Society, National Science Foundation (BCS- 0621020), the University of Pennsylvania Research Foundation and the Zoological Society of San Diego, German Science Foundation (HU 1746-2/1