The Effects of Finish Type on Permeability and Organoleptic Properties of Python (Python Reticulatus) Skin Finished Leather

In the leather industry, there are many different types of finish, i.e. two-tone, transparent, semi aniline and opaque/solid color. The composition formulation of each finish type is different so each will impact not only on the performance but also on the properties of the finished leather. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of finish type (natural, aniline, semi-aniline, and two-tone) on permeability and organoleptic properties of python skin finished leather. This research focused on the finishing process with various finish types. The results showed that the effect of semi-aniline (I,II) finish type on water vapor permeability reduction is the highest when compared with natural (I, II); aniline (I,II) and two-tone finish types. Otherwise, the effect of semi-aniline (I,II) finish type on organoleptic properties is the lowest compared with natural (I, II); aniline (I,II) and two-tone finish types. The aniline I finish type has better organoleptic properties

Karakterisasi Kulit Kayu Tingi (Ceriops Tagal) Sebagai Bahan Penyamak Nabati

Tingi (Ceriops tagal) bark was highly potential as tanning materials due to high tannin concentration. The aim of the study was to determine the characterization of properties of tanning material made from tingi bark, including the tannin levels, the non-tannin levels, the tannin type, the absorption level of the solution and the FTIR spectrum analysis. The method used in this research was countercurrent system in the extraction process, feed solution preparation process, the thickening process, powder formation process conducted with the aid of Rotavapor- 151 Standard, and testing. The results showed that the tingi bark contains tannin level 70.91% and non-tannin levels 10.63%. Tannins from tingi bark were classified as procyanidin condensed tannins type and the absorption values obtained maximum value at wavelength 490 nm. The FTIR spectral data indicated that tingi tannins contained hydroxyl group (ⱱ O-H; ⱱ N-H) in the area (3467.418-3057.025) cm-1, aromatic group (ⱱ C-H) in the area of 2875,733 cm-1, ⱱ C=O (ester group in tanned material) in the area (1747.442-1612.422) cm-1, ⱱ-OH; R-COO-in the area of 1444.626 cm-1 and ⱱ(SO4)2 -; R-SO3; R-SO3H in the area (1112.823-1062.729) cm-1

Spektroscopi FTIR Dan Sifat Mekanik Nanokomposit Grafting HDPE Dan Nanoprecipitated Calcium Carbonate (NPCC)

The purpose of this research based on high density polyethylene (HDPE) and nanoprecipitated calciumcarbonate (NPCC) was to evaluate the effect of nanoprecipitated calcium carbonate (NPCC) on FTIR spectroscopy and mechanical properties. The nanocomposites was prepared with a rheomix 3000 Haake at 180 º C and 50 rpm of rotor speed for 10 minutes. The composition of HDPE and additives were permanently, and NPCC content varied 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 phr (per hundred resin) respectively and control was made inherent NPCC. The nanocomposites were characterized using tensile strength, hardness tester, electro densimeter and Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. The results of mechanical properties showed that the increasing the amount of NPCC was able increase hardness and density while elongation at break more stable and tensile strength decreased. Analysis functional group on nanocomposites with Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) indicated a new peak on wave band 3472,49 cm-1 (OH stretching)

Penelitian Penggunaan Minarex Sebagai Bahan Pelunak Dalam Pembuatan Kompon Karet Sol Karet Cetak

The objective of this research is to use Minarex oil as a softener in making rubber sole compound and to know the optimal of formulation. The research applied Minarex type 3 with four kinds of A, B, C, D and with variation 5 parts, 6 parts, and 7 parts. Data analysed using Statistic Method with Compleetely Randomized Design and Split Plot Design. The result of this study showed that all kind of Minarex oils could be used to softener in making rubber sole compound and fullfilled the spesification of SNI 0778-89-A, "Sol Karet Cetak". The optimal of formulation to Minarex type 3 was Minarex C with application 7 parts. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan Minarex sebagai bahan untuk pelunak dalam pembuatan kompon karet untuk sol karet cetak dan untuk mengetahui foemula yang optimal. DAlam penelitian ini digunakan Minarex tipe 3 dengan jenis A, B, C, D dan dengan variasi jumlah 5 bagian, 6 bagian, dan 7 bagian. Analisa data menggunakan Metode Statistik Compleetely Randomized Design (CRD) dan Split Plot Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua jenis Minarex A, B, C, dan D dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pelunakpada pembuatan kompon sol karet cetak dan semua kombinasi memenuhi persyaratan SNI 0778-89-A, "Sol Karet Cetak". Formula optimal dicapai oleh Minarex C tipe 3 dengan variasi jumlah Minarex 7 bagian

Peningkatan Ketahanan Suhu Dingin Kulit Atasan Sepatu Melalui Pengurangan Daya Penyerapan Air Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Sifat Fisik Dan Morfologi

A research has been undertaken to increase the cold resistance of upper leather by decreasing its water absorption ability. Fluorinated acrylic polymer, a water repellent substance, was added at fatliquoring and finishing stages of upper leather with different concentrations levels. Research findings showed that an increase in the water-repellent concentration, i.e. by 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; and 15%, result in increases in tensile strength, tearing strength, and elongation at break, whereas decreases in water absorption ability. No significant differences for the other physical properties such as water vapor absorption, water vapor permeability, and flexing resistance and they met the standard for shoe leather. Results of scanning electron microscopy indicated an increased thin layer of water repellent on leather fibers as the water-repellent concentration increased. The leather fibers looked smoother, glistened, and thicker. This indicates the penetration of water repellent onto leather fibers

Pengaruh Bahan Water Repellent Terhadap Morfologi Dan Sifat-sifat Fisika Pada Pembuatan Kulit Atasan Sepatu Ramah Lingkungan

The term of eco-friendly leather can be interpreted as chrome-free tanned leather. Recently, almost 80% of leather is tanned using chrome tanning agent because of the ease in processing and excellence of the physical properties. Nevertheless, people nowadays want an eco-friendly leather product. Vegetable tanning materials can be said as eco-friendly tanning material because their waste degrades easily. One of the weaknesses in the use of vegetable tanning is a high water absorption capability. In this research used a water repellent material that has the properties to suppress the ability of water absorption. The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of water repellent on physical properties and morphology of leather tanned by vegetable tanning materials. Because one of the weaknesses in the vegetable tanning is its high water absorption capability, in this research, water repellent was used and varied by 5; 7.5; 10; 12.5; and 15% . Physical properties obtained were compared with analysis of variance with the significance level of 95%. The water repellent increased from 5% to 15%. The results showed a decrease in water absorption capability from 77.6% to 65.39%, tearing strength from 41.64 to 20.05 kg/cm, tensile strength from 227.10 to 163.53 kg/cm2, and elongation at break from 57.11 to 49.68%, strong swelling and WVA have no significant changes, while for WVP, the maximum use of water repellent at 12.5%. SEM results indicate the presence of a thin layer on the leather fiber that can inhibit the absorption of water

Penggunaan Enzim Bacillus Megatorium DSM-319 Pada Proses Perendaman Penyamakan Kulit Jaket

The purpose of the study was to obtain eco-friendly soaking process for goatskin and to shorten the soaking time. The enzyme used in the soaking process was Bacillus megatorium DSM-319, with enzyme concentration of 0.5, 1, and 1.5% and soaking time of 1, 1.5, and 2 hours. Each sample were tested for skin histology observation using photomicrograph, protein concentration analysis, tensile strength, elongation, colour fastness (dry and wet) and flexibility. The results showed that protein content of goat skin was decreased 42.32% after optimum soaking with 1% enzyme for one hour. The results of the physical testing of jacket leather with optimum soaking process met the quality requirements of SNI 4593:2011 Sheep/goat jacket leather

Pengaruh Jenis dan Konsentrasi Garam pada Proses Pikel terhadap Mutu Kulit Pikel Sapi

Penambahan asam pada proses penyamakan kulit menyebabkan terjadinya pembengkakan, oleh karena itu diperlukan penambahan garam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi garam pada proses pengasaman terhadap mutu kulit pikel sapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan kulit sapi awetan garam sejumlah 24 side yang diperoleh dari UD. Sumber Pahala, Magetan. Sebelum diasamkan, kulit sapi diproses melalui beberapa tahapan yaitu perendaman, penghilangan bulu, pengapuran, penghilangan sisa daging, penghilangan kapur, pengikisan protein, dan penghilangan lemak. Kulit sapi kemudian diasamkan dengan asam sulfat 1% dan asam formiat 1%, serta garam. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian faktorial dengan 2 faktor, yaitu jenis dan konsentrasi garam, yang disusun dalam RAL dengan tiga ulangan. Garam yang digunakan adalah garam A dan B dengan masing-masing taraf uji, yaitu 5, 6, 7, dan 8 Be. Data hasil pengujian dianalisa dengan Analisis Sidik Ragam (ANOVA) dan kemudian dibandingkan dengan standar SNI 06-3534-1994. Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa jenis dan konsentrasi garam berpengaruh nyata (P0,05). Garam yang efektif digunakan untuk pikel kulit sapi adalah garam A pada konsentrasi 5 Be dengan mutu kulit pikel, yaitu kadar air 46,48%, kadar NaCl 6,06%, dan pH 2,19, serta bundel serat yang lebih kompak dan padat

Penelitian Pengaruh Variasi Jumlah Pigmen Terhadap Kenampakan Rajah Dan Kuat Rekat Cat Tutup Kulit Atasan Sepatu Dari Kulit Sapi Dengan Tipe Finish Semi Anilin

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of sum of pigmen to concern the appearance of the grain and the second quality wet blue leather castle hide, the treatment of wich is variation of pigmen (20 gram, 40 gram and 90 gram in 1000 gram solution). The data which were satatistically analyzed using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and Least Significant Difference (LSD) sjow tgat the appearance of the appearance of the grain test is significant and the best result for using 20 gram pigment with score 69.93. Then for the adhesion of finish test (wet and dry) indicated that is njopt significant ber\tween three variantion of sum of pigent (20gram, 40gram, 60 gram). Adhesion of finish (wet and dry) included high quality for the grade of shoe upeer with the score is 200 gr/cm (wet, minimum grade 3) and tge score is 543.75 gf/cm (dry minimum grade 1). INTISARI Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jumlah pigment terhadap kenam[pakan rajah dan kuat rekat cat tutup kulit atasan sepatu dari kulit sapi. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 6 kulit belahan sapi krom basah (wet blue) kualitas nomor 2 yang disamak menjadi kulit atasan sepatu dengan menggunakan 3 (tiga) variasi penggunaan jumlah pignment masing-masing 20 gram, 40 gram dan 60 gram dalam 1000 gram larutan. Hasil analisa statistika dengan metoda CRD (Completely Randomizes Design) dab Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (LSD) menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan nyata pada uji kenampakan rajah, dan hasil yang terbaik untuk penggunaan 20 gram pigment. Sedangkan untuk uji kuat rekat cat tutup (basah dan kering) menunjukkan bahwa ada beda nyata antara tiga variasi jumlah pigment (20gram, 40 gram, 60gram). Kuat rekat cat tutup (basah dan kering) termasuk kualitas tinggi untuk tingkatan atasan sepatu, dengan nilai 200 gr/cm (basah, minimal tingkat 2) dan 543.75 gr/cm (kering, minimum tingkatan 1)

Pengaruh Jumlah Air Terhadap Jumlah Serapan Cr2O3 Pada Proses Penyamakan Krom Kulit Kambing

The objective of the research was to study the effect of number of water of Cr2O3 absorbtion in chrome tanning for goat skin and to reduce utilization of water and chrome waste and to optimize function of Cr2O3. Waste water of pickle were used in variation of 20, 40, 60% respectively and control was also mode as comparation. Twenty pieces of green salted goat skin were grouped and devided into four groups and every five pieces were treated five pieces. The applications parameters of quality were determined including Cr2O3 absorbtion, shrinkage temperature, tensile strength, elongation at break, stitch strength and tear strength. The results showed that the number of Cr2O3 absorb and shrinkage temperature in this research was significantly added water effected on tanning process. The pickle water of 40% performed optimal chrome tanning for goat skin in the amount of 3.13% Cr2O3 absorbtion ; 115.38 0C shrinkage temperature; 216.58 kg/cm2 tensile strength; 43.14% elongation at break; 64.77 kg/cm2 stitch strength; 27.46 kg/cm2 tear strength and all of quality parameters fulfill the requirements of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 06-117-1989 about Quality and Testing Method Goat Skin Glace