The Impact of Head of Bed Elevation on Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter in Cervical Collar Applied Healthy Volunteers

Background: Guidelines recommend placing a cervical collar (c-collar) until spinal injury is excluded. Previous studies have shown that c-collar placement increases intracranial pressure (ICP), which can worsen outcomes for trauma patients who are at risk of increased ICP. Head of bed elevation (HBE) has been found to decrease ICP. However, there is no consensus in the literature for the optimal degree of HBE to decrease ICP. Objective: We aimed to find an optimal HBE degree to decrease ICP to its baseline values in healthy volunteers with increased ICP caused by c-collar. Methods: This is a randomized controlled and blinded study performed in healthy volunteers. Two sonographers measured the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) of each subject's eyes separately for different time points. Then, we calculated a mean ONSD value for five time points: before c-collar placement (T-0), 5 and 20 min in supine position after c-collar placement (T-5 and T-20), and 5 and 20 min after HBE (T-25 and T-40). We randomized the subjects into three groups of HBE: 15, 30, and 45 degrees, and compared the mean ONSD values among groups. Results: All groups were similar with regard to baseline demographics and ONSD measurements before HBE. We found significant increases in mean ONSD values at T-5 and at T-20 caused by the c-collar. Thirty and forty-five degrees of HBE for 20 min decreased ONSD to its baseline values. The inter-rater reliability of the sonographers was > 0.9. Conclusions: Our results show that c-collar increases ONSD in healthy volunteers. Elevating the head of the bed 30 and 45 degrees for 20 min decreased ONSD to baseline values. (C) 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Sultani Çekirdeksiz Üzüm Çeşidinde Farklı Kurutma Yöntemlerinin Kurutma Kinetiği, Enerji Tüketimi ve Ürün Kalitesi Açısından İncelenmesi

Sultana Seedless grape samples were dried using hot air and microwave methods in different temperature and power levels with untreated conditions and drying kinetics and energy consumption values based on method were revealed in this study. Hot air drying experiments in electric forced convection oven were conducted in temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 oC with 1 m s-1 air velocity. Microwave drying experiments were conducted in 180 and 270 W power levels. Wang and Singh, Henderson-Pabis, Newton and Logaritmik thin layer drying methods offered in the literature were used to evaluate experimental values and it was determined that Wang and Singh model represents the drying characteristics of Sultana seedless grape as the best for both methods. Phenolic content and browning index increased with temperature rise in hot air method. Minimum drying time was obtained as 10 hours in 70 °C hot air drying and 35 minutes in 270 W microwave power level for decreasing moisture content of 200 g grape samples from 75 % (w.b.) to 20 % (w.b.). Minimum specific energy consumption was determined as 19,15 kWh kg-1 in 70 oC hot air drying and 1,52 kWh kg-1 in 270 W microwave power level. © 2020 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved

Optimization of microwave-assisted drying of Jerusalem artichokes (Helianthus tuberosus L.) by response surface methodology and genetic algorithm

The objective of the present study was to investigate microwave-assisted drying of Jerusalem artichoke tubers to determine the effects of the processing conditions. Drying time (DT) and effectivemoisture diffusivity (EMD) were determined to evaluate the drying process in terms of dehydration performance, whereas the rehydration ratio (RhR) was considered as a significant quality index. A pretreatment of soaking in a NaCl solution was applied before all trials. The output power of the microwave oven, slice thickness and NaCl concentration of the pretreatment solution werethe three investigated parameters. The drying process was accelerated by altering the conditions while obtaining a higher quality product. For optimization of the drying process, response surface methodology (RSM) and genetic algorithms (GA) were used. Model adequacy was evaluated for each corresponding mathematical expression developed for interested responses by RSM. The residual of the model obtained by GA was compared to that of the RSM model. The GA was successful in high-performance prediction and produced results similar to those of RSM. The analysis and results of the present study show that both RSM and GA models can be used in cohesion to gain insight into the bioprocessing system

No suspicion, no disease! renal infarction: Case series

PubMed: 25433479[No abstract available

Examination of different drying methods in sultana seedless grapes in terms of drying kinetics, energy consumption and product quality

Sultana Seedless grape samples were dried using hot air and microwave methods in different temperature and power levels with untreated conditions and drying kinetics and energy consumption values based on method were revealed in this study. Hot air drying experiments in electric forced convection oven were conducted in temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 oC with 1 m s-1 air velocity. Microwave drying experiments were conducted in 180 and 270 W power levels. Wang and Singh, Henderson-Pabis, Newton and Logaritmik thin layer drying methods offered in the literature were used to evaluate experimental values and it was determined that Wang and Singh model represents the drying characteristics of Sultana seedless grape as the best for both methods. Phenolic content and browning index increased with temperature rise in hot air method. Minimum drying time was obtained as 10 hours in 70 °C hot air drying and 35 minutes in 270 W microwave power level for decreasing moisture content of 200 g grape samples from 75 % (w.b.) to 20 % (w.b.). Minimum specific energy consumption was determined as 19,15 kWh kg-1 in 70 oC hot air drying and 1,52 kWh kg-1 in 270 W microwave power level. © 2020 Namik Kemal University - Agricultural Faculty. All rights reserved

No suspicion, no disease! renal infarction: Case series

[No abstract available

A prospective study: Is handheld micropower impulse radar technology (Pneumoscan) a promising method to detect pneumothorax? [İleriye yönelik bir çalışma: Taşınabilir micropower impulse radar teknolojisi (pneumoscan) pnömotoraks tanısında umut veren bir metot mudur?]

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to discuss the effectiveness of Pneumoscan working with micropower impulse radar (MIR) technology in diagnosing pneumothorax (PTX) in the emergency department. METHODS: Patients with suspicion of PTX and indication for thorax tomography (CT) were included into the study. Findings of the Thorax CT were compared with the results of Pneumoscan. Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests were used in categorical variables. RESULTS: One hundred and fifteen patients were included into the study group; twelve patients presented with PTX diagnosed by CT, 10 of which were detected by Pneumoscan. Thirty-six true negative results, sixty-seven false positive results, and two false negative results were obtained, which resulted in an overall sensitivity of 83.3%, specificity of 35.0% for Pneumoscan. There was no statistically significant difference between the effectiveness of Pneumoscan and CT on the detection of PTX (p=0.33). There was no difference between the size of PTX diagnosed by CT and PTX diagnosed by Pneumoscan (p=0.47). There was no statistically significant difference between Pneumoscan and CT on detecting the localisation of the PTX (p=1.00). For the 10 cases diagnosed by Pneumoscan, mean chest wall thickness was determined as 50.3 mm while mean chest wall thickness for two false negatives diagnosed by Pneumoscan was 56.5 mm. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the chest wall thickness and the effectiveness of Pneumoscan on the detection of the PTX (p=0.77). Among sixty-seven false positives diagnosed by Pneumoscan, 46.3% had additional medical signs such as bronchiectasis, pulmonary consolidation, pulmonary edema or pulmonary tumor when they had a reading with CT. The relationship between having additional medical signs at the reading with CT and the effectiveness of Pneumoscan on the detection of the PTX was investigated and no significant difference was found (p=0.472). CONCLUSION: Using Pneumoscan to detect PTX is controversial since the device has a high false positive ratio. Wherein, false positive diagnosis can cause unjustifiable chest tube insertion. In addition, the device failed to show the size of the PTX, and therefore, it did not aid in determining the treatment and prognosis on contrary to traditional diagnostic methods. The findings could not demonstrate that the device was efficient in emergency care. Further studies and increasing experience may change this outcome in upcoming years. © 2015 TJTES