A Study of Factors Associated with Community Satisfaction Among Residents of a South Dakota Community

This exploratory case study examined the extent of community satisfaction in a South Dakota town, herein called Dakota Town. The purposes of this study were (1) to examine the attitudes of residents toward their community, (2) to examine the attitudes of residents toward their community’s subsystems, (3) to examine the factors associated with the residents’ overall satisfaction with their community, (4) to examine the factors associated with the residents’ satisfaction with the subsystems of their community, and (5) to examine the extent to which variations in the attitudes toward community subsystems explain variations in community satisfaction. Social systems theory and attitude theory were utilized to determine what life was like and how it was organized in this particular community. Emphasis was placed on the fact that this community was not declining in population as were other communities of like kind, and determination as to the reasons for this were examined in light of community satisfaction. It was hypothesized that satisfaction with this community was a function of the respondents length of residence, sex, age, income, organizational participation and educational level. Analysis of the chi-square tests of association showed that none of these independent variables were significantly related to the dependent variable of community satisfaction at the 0.05 level of significance. Also, an analysis to determine the extent to which the set of independent variables were significantly related to the dependent variable of community satisfaction at the 0.05 level of significance. Also, an analysis to determine the extent to which the set of independent variables explained the dependent variable to community satisfaction was utilized using stepwise multiple regression procedure. This analysis indicated that attitudes toward civic and social organizations and attitudes toward protective services in this community were significant variables at the 0.05 level in explaining overall community satisfaction. The regression coefficients for these two significant variables were negative since dependent variable ratings were coded with a low score for greatest satisfaction while the independent variable ratings had a high score for greatest satisfaction. The remaining independent variables did not contribute significantly to the explanation of community satisfaction. However, it must also be noted that these two significant variables explain less than 20 percent of the variability in community satisfaction. Therefore, there must be other variables, not examined in this analysis, which explain variations in community satisfaction. Conclusions from this study were: 1. Although the findings indicate that the majority of residents were satisfied with Dakota Town by indicating that is the a good or excellent place to live, it must be notes that almost 50 percent of the respondents had never lived in any other place. 2. Community satisfaction was influenced by the number of years the respondents had lived in Dakota Town. Those respondents who had lived in Dakota Town twenty-five years or longer tended to regard it as a good or excellent place to live. 3. Varying attitudes toward community satisfaction were also influenced by age and income. 4. Attitudes toward Dakota Town were also influenced by an individual’s activity in organizations. 5. Even though these findings indicate that, in general, the citizens of Dakota Town were satisfied with their community, they also had suggestions and ideas for improvement and ideas for improvement and were cognizant of its needs as a community. These ideas and suggestions for improvement are also cited in this study

Effect of gamma irradiation on fatty acid composition of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillets

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of low-dose gamma irradiation (0, 1, 3 and 5 kGy) on fatty acid composition of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fillet. Among all of the fatty acids, oleic acid (C18:1) (with mean 33.50±3.02 g/100 g fatty acids) and myristoleic acid (C14:1) (with mean 0.41±0.26 g/100 g fatty acids) were the most predominant and the lowest fatty acids in all irradiated and non-irradiated samples, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in level of all fatty acids, saturated fatty acids (SFA), unsaturated fatty acids (USFA), mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) between Rainbow trout fillet control and irradiated in 1, 3 and 5 kGy. Therefore irradiation process and different doses of irradiation in this study (1, 3 and 5 kGy) had no significant effect (P>0.05) on fatty acid composition

Strong-disorder approach for the Anderson localization transition

FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQWe propose a strong-disorder renormalization-group approach to study the Anderson localization transition in disordered tight-binding models in any dimension. Our approach shifts the focus from the lower to the upper critical dimension, thus emphasizing the strong-coupling/strong-disorder nature of the transition. By studying the two-point conductance, we (i) show that our approach is in excellent agreement with exact numerical results, (ii) confirm that the upper critical dimension for the Anderson transition is d(c)(+) = infinity, (iii) find that the scaling function shows a previously reported 'mirror symmetry' in the critical region, and (iv) demonstrate that the range of conductances for which this symmetry holds increases with the system dimensionality. Our results open an efficient avenue to explore the critical properties of the Anderson transition using the strong-coupling high-dimension limit as a starting point.96415FUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPCONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQ2015/23849-72016/10826-1304311/2010-3307548/2015-5This work was supported by the NSF (USA) Grants No. DMR-1005751, No. DMR-1410132, and No. PHYS-1066293, by the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, by the Simons Foundation (H.J.M. and V.D.), by FAPESP (Brazil) Grants No. 015/23849-7 and No. 2016/10826-1 (J.A.H.) and CNPq (Brazil) Grants No. 307548/2015-5 (J.A.H.) and No. 304311/2010-3 (E.M.). We acknowledge the hospitality of the Aspen Center for Physics

EIT and diffusion of atomic coherence

We study experimentally the effect of diffusion of Rb atoms on Electromagnetically Induced Transparency (EIT) in a buffer gas vapor cell. In particular, we find that diffusion of atomic coherence in-and-out of the laser beam plays a crucial role in determining the EIT resonance lineshape and the stored light lifetime.Comment: 5 pages, 8 figure

Absorption resonance and large negative delay in Rb vapor with buffer gas

We observe a narrow, isolated, two-photon absorption resonance in Rb for large one-photon detuning in the presence of a buffer gas. In the absence of buffer gas, a standard Lambda configuration of two laser frequencies gives rise to electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) for all values of one-photon detuning throughout the inhomogeneously (Doppler) broadened line. However, when a buffer gas is added and the one-photon detuning is comparable to or greater than the Doppler width, an absorption resonance appears instead of the usual EIT resonance. We also observe large negative group delay (~ -300 us for a Gaussian pulse propagating through the media with respect to a reference pulse not affected by the media), corresponding to a superluminal group velocity v_g= -c/(3.6x10^6)=-84 m/s.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

New species of Colletotrichum from wild Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants in Iran

Twenty-two Colletotrichum strains were isolated from anthracnose symptoms or leaf spots on leaves of various wild Poaceae and Cyperaceae plants collected in three provinces of Iran and tentatively identified as belonging to the Graminicola species complex based on morphology. All strains were studied via a polyphasic approach combining colony characteristics, morphology and phylogeny inferred from multi-locus sequences, including the nuc rDNA ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS), partial sequences of the β-tubulin (tub2), actin (act), manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (sod2), DNA lyase 2 (apn2) genes, a 200-bp intron of the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh), and the intergenic spacer between the apn2 gene and the mat1 idiomorph (apn2/mat1). Six species were distinguished, including three new species, namely C. caspicum, C. persicum, and C. sacchari, and three previously described species, C. cereale, C. nicholsonii and C. sublineola. Comprehensive morphological descriptions and illustrations are provided for all species. Furthermore, this study provided new insights into the distribution and host range of known species

Quality assessment of services provided by health centers in Mashhad, Iran: SERVQUAL versus HEALTHQUAL scales

Background: Primary health care is the entry point to the health-care system and regarded as an essential step to achieving universal health coverage. The present study aimed at evaluating the quality of health-care services provided in health centers in Mashhad, Iran. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study implemented among 200 health service users who were referring to four health centers in Mashhad during January to June 2019. The quality of services in health centers was evaluated with the SERVQUAL and HEALTHQUAL models. Data was analyzed by employing paired t-test and independent sample t-test using SPSS version 16 software. The Levene test was used for examining the equality of variance (homogeneity). Significance level of all the tests was considered when p � 0.05. Results: According to the results of SERVQUAL questionnaire, the average scores of health service users� expectations and perceptions were 4.97 and 3.26, respectively, and the quality gap in the provided services was equal to � 1.7. Based on HEALTHQUAL questionnaire, the average scores of health service users� perception and expectations were 4.72 and 3.25, respectively, and the quality gap in the provided services was equal to � 1.16. Empathy was the highest quality dimension (� 2.019) based on SERVQUAL model, and efficiency dimension was the highest based on HEALTHQUAL model (� 1.761). Conclusions: The findings of the current study showed a negative gap between the service users� expectations and perceptions in both models. Therefore, the results of this study helps the health managers and policymakers to plan effective interventions for improving the provided services emphasizing the dimensions with the wider gaps. © 2021, The Author(s)

An updated min-review on environmental route of the SARS-CoV-2 transmission

The risk of newly emerging diseases is constantly present in a world where changes occur significantly in climatic, commercial, and ecological conditions, in addition to the development of biomedical investigations in new situations. An epidemic respiratory disease instigated by a new coronavirus was initially identified in and has resulted in the current global dissemination. This viral strain and its related disease has been termed �SARS-CoV-2� and �coronavirus disease 2019� (abbreviated �COVID-19� or �2019-nCoV�), respectively, which is transmitted simply between individuals. The World Health Organization (WHO) announced the COVID-19 outburst as a pandemic on March 11, which necessitates a cooperative endeavour globally for mitigating the spread of COVID-19. The absence of previous, and minimum present-day information, particularly concerning the path of contagion have precluded the control of this disease. The present article, therefore, describes the SARS-CoV-2 paths of contagion such as drinking water, solid waste, sewer water, ambient air, and the rest of emerging likely paths. © 2020 Elsevier Inc

An Atom Laser with a cw Output Coupler

We demonstrate a continuous output coupler for magnetically trapped atoms. Over a period of up to 100 ms a collimated and monoenergetic beam of atoms is continuously extracted from a Bose- Einstein condensate. The intensity and kinetic energy of the output beam of this atom laser are controlled by a weak rf-field that induces spin flips between trapped and untrapped states. Furthermore, the output coupler is used to perform a spectroscopic measurement of the condensate, which reveals the spatial distribution of the magnetically trapped condensate and allows manipulation of the condensate on a micrometer scale.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure