Обнаружение и генотипирование Anaplasma phagocytophilum в клещах I. persulcatus и D. reticulatus , собранных в г. Томске в 2015–2016 гг.

Introduction. The detection of the first cases of tick-borne human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Russia, discovery of genetic markers for Anaplasma spp. in ixodid ticks and reporting of a significant number of cases of tick-borne infections in the southern part of Western Siberia give reason to suppose that causative agents of tick-borne anaplasmosis may be transmitted in Tomsk and its suburbs. Objective. To study the distribution and species biodiversity of A. phagocytophilum in ixodid ticks in Tomsk Region. Materials and methods. The analysis of 690 individual ixodid ticks (larvae and adults) was carried out for Ixodes persulcatus (n = 530) and Dermacentor reticulatus (n = 160) ticks collected in 2015–2016 on the territory of urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk. Primary screening of ticks for the presence of genetic material of A. phagocytophilum was conducted using two-round PCR with species-specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene. The amplification (1,220 kB) of the groESL fragment of the heat shock protein operon was performed for positive isolates with subsequent determination of the nucleotide sequence in the gene fragment for phylogenetic analysis. Results. The number of A. phagocytophilum positive samples for I. persulcatus (larvae) was 1.2 ± 0.6%, I. persulcatus (adult) was 1.8 ± 0.7%; and D. reticulatus (adult) was 0.6 ± 0.3%. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragments in groESL operon for nine isolates confirmed that the genetic material of the granulocytic anaplasmosis was detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the isolates belonged to the first group of the “new cluster” of A. phagocytophilum. Conclusion. The causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis has been newly detected in I. persulcatus ticks collected in urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk and in D. reticulatus from urban foci.Введение. Выявление первых случаев заболевания клещевым гранулоцитарным анаплазмозом человека в Российской Федерации, обнаружение генетических маркеров анаплазмозов в иксодовых клещах, регистрация значительного количества случаев различных клещевых инфекций на юге Западной Сибири ставят вопрос о возможной циркуляции возбудителя анаплазмоза в г. Томске и его пригородах. Цель исследования. Изучение распространения и видового разнообразия A. phagocytophilum в иксодовых клещах на территории Томской области. Материалы и методы. Проведен анализ 690 индивидуальных образцов личинок и имаго иксодовых клещей видов Ixodes persulcatus (n = 530) и Dermacentor reticulatus (n = 160), собранных в 2015–2016 гг. на территории городских и пригородных биотопов г. Томска. Первичный скрининг клещей на наличие генетического материала A. phagocytophilum проводили с помощью двухраундовой полимеразной цепной реакции в присутствии родоспецифичных праймеров из области гена 16S рРНК. Для положительных изолятов осуществлялось амплифицирование фрагмента (1 220 пар нуклеотидов) groESL-оперона белков теплового шока с последующим определением нуклеотидной последовательности фрагмента гена и проведением филогенетического анализа. Результаты. Уровень инфицированности A. phagocytophilum у личинок I. persulcatus составил (1,2 ± 0,6)%; у половозрелых особей I. persulcatus – (1,8 ± 0,7)%; у половозрелых особей D. reticulatus–(0,6 ± 0,3)%. Анализ нуклеотидной последовательности фрагмента groESL-оперона для девяти изолятов подтвердил обнаружение генетического материала возбудителя гранулоцитарного анаплазмоза. Филогенетический анализ показал, что все изоляты относятся к первой группе «нового» кластера A. phagocytophilum. Вывод. Возбудитель гранулоцитарного анаплазмоза человека впервые обнаружен в клещах I. рersulcatus, собранных в городских и пригородных биотопах г. Томска, и D. reticulatus из городского биотопа

Whole genome SNP-associated signatures of local adaptation in honeybees of the Iberian Peninsula

The availability of powerful high-throughput genomic tools, combined with genome scans, has helped identifying genes and genetic changes responsible for environmental adaptation in many organisms, including the honeybee. Here, we resequenced 87 whole genomes of the honeybee native to Iberia and used conceptually different selection methods (Samβada, LFMM, PCAdapt, iHs) together with in sillico protein modelling to search for selection footprints along environmental gradients. We found 670 outlier SNPs, most of which associated with precipitation, longitude and latitude. Over 88.7% SNPs laid outside exons and there was a significant enrichment in regions adjacent to exons and UTRs. Enrichment was also detected in exonic regions. Furthermore, in silico protein modelling suggests that several non-synonymous SNPs are likely direct targets of selection, as they lead to amino acid replacements in functionally important sites of proteins. We identified genomic signatures of local adaptation in 140 genes, many of which are putatively implicated in fitness-related functions such as reproduction, immunity, olfaction, lipid biosynthesis and circadian clock. Our genome scan suggests that local adaptation in the Iberian honeybee involves variations in regions that might alter patterns of gene expression and in protein-coding genes, which are promising candidates to underpin adaptive change in the honeybee.John C. Patton, Phillip San Miguel, Paul Parker, Rick Westerman, University of Purdue, resequenced the 87 whole genomes of IHBs. Jose Rufino provided computational resources at IPB. Analyses were performed using the computational resources at the Uppsala Multidisciplinary Center for Advanced Computational Science (UPPMAX), Uppsala University. DH was supported by a PhD scholarship (SFRH/BD/84195/2012) from the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT). MAP is a member of and receives support from the COST Action FA1307 (SUPER-B). This work was supported by FCT through the programs COMPETE/QREN/EU (PTDC/BIA-BEC/099640/2008) and the 2013-2014 BiodivERsA/FACCE-JPI (joint call for research proposals, with the national funders FCT, Portugal, CNRS, France, and MEC, Spain) to MAP

Detection and genotyping of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in I. persulcatus and D. reticulatus ticks collected in Tomsk (Western Siberia) in 2015–2016

Introduction. The detection of the first cases of tick-borne human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Russia, discovery of genetic markers for Anaplasma spp. in ixodid ticks and reporting of a significant number of cases of tick-borne infections in the southern part of Western Siberia give reason to suppose that causative agents of tick-borne anaplasmosis may be transmitted in Tomsk and its suburbs. Objective. To study the distribution and species biodiversity of A. phagocytophilum in ixodid ticks in Tomsk Region. Materials and methods. The analysis of 690 individual ixodid ticks (larvae and adults) was carried out for Ixodes persulcatus (n = 530) and Dermacentor reticulatus (n = 160) ticks collected in 2015–2016 on the territory of urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk. Primary screening of ticks for the presence of genetic material of A. phagocytophilum was conducted using two-round PCR with species-specific primers for the 16S rRNA gene. The amplification (1,220 kB) of the groESL fragment of the heat shock protein operon was performed for positive isolates with subsequent determination of the nucleotide sequence in the gene fragment for phylogenetic analysis. Results. The number of A. phagocytophilum positive samples for I. persulcatus (larvae) was 1.2 ± 0.6%, I. persulcatus (adult) was 1.8 ± 0.7%; and D. reticulatus (adult) was 0.6 ± 0.3%. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the gene fragments in groESL operon for nine isolates confirmed that the genetic material of the granulocytic anaplasmosis was detected. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the isolates belonged to the first group of the “new cluster” of A. phagocytophilum. Conclusion. The causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis has been newly detected in I. persulcatus ticks collected in urban and suburban biotopes of Tomsk and in D. reticulatus from urban foci