4,063 research outputs found
Estimation of Distribution Overlap of Urn Models
A classical problem in statistics is estimating the expected coverage of a
sample, which has had applications in gene expression, microbial ecology,
optimization, and even numismatics. Here we consider a related extension of
this problem to random samples of two discrete distributions. Specifically, we
estimate what we call the dissimilarity probability of a sample, i.e., the
probability of a draw from one distribution not being observed in k draws from
another distribution. We show our estimator of dissimilarity to be a
U-statistic and a uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator of
dissimilarity over the largest appropriate range of k. Furthermore, despite the
non-Markovian nature of our estimator when applied sequentially over k, we show
it converges uniformly in probability to the dissimilarity parameter, and we
present criteria when it is approximately normally distributed and admits a
consistent jackknife estimator of its variance. As proof of concept, we analyze
V35 16S rRNA data to discern between various microbial environments. Other
potential applications concern any situation where dissimilarity of two
discrete distributions may be of interest. For instance, in SELEX experiments,
each urn could represent a random RNA pool and each draw a possible solution to
a particular binding site problem over that pool. The dissimilarity of these
pools is then related to the probability of finding binding site solutions in
one pool that are absent in the other.Comment: 27 pages, 4 figure
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Concepts and meaning: Introduction to the special issue on conceptual representation
Stratiform clouds and their interaction with atmospheric motions
During the 1987 to 1988 academic year, three projects were finished and plans were made to redirect and focus work in a proposal now being reviewed. The completed work involves study of waves on an equatorial beta-plane in shear flow, investigation of the influence of orography on the index cycle, and analysis of a model of cloud street development in a thermally-forced, sheared environment. The proposed work involves study of boundary layer circulations supporting stratocumulus decks and investigation of how the radiative effects of these clouds modulate larger-scale flows such as those associated with the index oscillation
Risk Behavior, Decision Making, and Music Genre in Adolescent Males
The effects of music on risk behavior and decision-making are still unknown. Previous studies have linked music with risky behaviors such as drinking. Evidence shows that performance and decision-making on certain tasks can be altered by the presence of music. This study seeks to evaluate decision-making while in this altered state of mind. It is hypothesized that decisions made listening to rock music will be more risky than those made in other conditions. Participants were assessed using several questionnaires and the Iowa Gambling Task. Participants were randomly assigned to no music, classical music, or rock music. Results indicate several interesting trends in behavior as well as several significant correlations between risky decision-making and reaction time on the Iowa Gambling Task
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Material Morphology and energy barriers to electrical ageing
A distribution of the parameters representing activation energy of the ageing process within the Dissado-Montanari-Mazzanti (DMM) lifetime model has been shown to model experimental lifetime distributions of PET films well. The results imply small differences in the local environments of the moieties involved in the ageing process. Very small changes in the minimum activation energy values have a pronounced effect on the resultant lifetimes of polymer specimens. Changes in the distributions of activation energies with field and temperature can be explained by assuming the ageing process to be one whereby polymer segments on lamella surfaces crystallise to create free volume within the polymer
Improved diamond coring bits developed for dry and chip-flush drilling
Two rotary diamond bit designs, one operating with a chip-flushing fluid, the second including auger section to remove drilled chips, enhance usefulness of tool for exploratory and industrial core-drilling of hard, abrasive mineral deposits and structural masonry
Rear-View Mirror: Statutory and Constitutional Issues Raised Amidst Governor Roy Cooper\u27s COVID-19 Shutdown Orders
The COVID-19 pandemic rattled the world. Upon its arrival in the United States, the virus resulted in governors across the country using broad emergency powers to deal with the pandemic. North Carolina Governor Roy Cooper’s executive orders, beginning in March of 2020, pushed statutory and constitutional boundaries. This Comment assesses the limits of Governor Cooper’s emergency authority under the North Carolina Emergency Management Act and the North Carolina Constitution. Additionally, this Comment evaluates whether the North Carolina Emergency Management Act should be amended and whether Governor Cooper’s orders violated individuals’ rights under both the North Carolina Constitution and the Federal Constitution
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