198 research outputs found
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A database and challenge for acoustic scene classification and event detection
Monitoring complex formation by relaxation-induced pulse electron paramagnetic resonance distance measurements
Funding: EPSRC DTC and Wellcome (099149/Z/12/Z).Biomolecular complexes are often multimers fueling the demand for methods that allow unraveling their composition and geometric arrangement. Pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is increasingly applied for retrieving geometric information on the nanometer scale. The emerging RIDME (relaxation-induced dipolar modulation enhancement) technique offers improved sensitivity in distance experiments involving metal centers (e.g. on metalloproteins or proteins labelled with metal ions). Here, a mixture of a spin labelled ligand with increasing amounts of paramagnetic CuII ions allowed accurate quantification of ligand-metal binding in the model complex formed. The distance measurement was highly accurate and critical aspects for identifying multimerization could be identified. The potential to quantify binding in addition to the high-precision distance measurement will further increase the scope of EPR applications.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
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Detection and classification of acoustic scenes and events: an IEEE AASP challenge
Cost efficiency of different cropping systems encompassing the energy crop Helianthus annuus L.
ArticleCrop rotation and green manure are the most ancient and popular cropping systems. This study sought to analyze the economic efficiency of sunflower where pea (Pisum sativum L.) either harvested or incorporated at the flowering stage in the soil before the sowing of sunflower in Europe and the final agricultural profit of such a cultivation system. Therefore, the main objectiveof this paper is to report the production costs and to find out which of the tested cultivation system gets sunflower cultivation economically viable in Greece and in Mediterranean region. To assess the economic efficiency, three-year field experiments were established in two contrasting environments in central Greece (Trikala and Larisa) and contained three different cultivation practices using legumes comprised the main-factor (T1: control, T2: legume incorporated at the flowering stage, T3: legume incorporated after seed harvest), while nitrogen fertilization comprised the sub-factor (N1:0, N2:50, N3:100 and N4:150 kgNha-1).The results derived from this study revealed the positive effect of the legume incorporation treatment (T2:legume incorporated at the flowering stage) where the final yield increased up to 5tha-1regardless region. Moreover, depending on the year the T2 treatment increases the final yield 30–50%and a yield increase was also noticed to the treatment where the legume was harvested (T3: legume incorporated after seed harvest). Therefore the introduction of this scheme into future land use systems in Greece and more generally in Mediterranean basin should be seriously taken into consideration
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Improving instrument recognition in polyphonic music through system integration
A method is proposed for instrument recognition in polyphonic music which combines two independent detector systems. A polyphonic musical instrument recognition system using a missing feature approach and an automatic music transcription system based on shift invariant probabilistic latent component analysis that includes instrument assignment. We propose a method to integrate the two systems by fusing the instrument contributions estimated by the first system onto the transcription system in the form of Dirichlet priors. Both systems, as well as the integrated system are evaluated using a dataset of continuous polyphonic music recordings. Detailed results that highlight a clear improvement in the performance of the integrated system are reported for different training conditions
Comparison of two perennial energy crops for biomass production at the end of their life cycle
Nowadays fossil fuels are decreasing, causing the world's interest in renewable energy
sources to rapidly grow. One of the most interesting renewable and ecologically pure fuels is
biomass, which is considered to be carbon neutral. Biomass is a promising source of energy, as
it can be used directly as an energy resource. Its quality characteristics such as gross calorific
value and ash content are of paramount importance so as to improve the combustion process.
Furthermore, during the last three decades, there has been an increasing interest in the production
of biomass pellets for domestic and industrial use. Alternative feed stocks will need to be sourced
to meet the demand for biomass pellets. Investigation for new energy crops that produce high
amounts of biomass under low inputs and of high energy efficiency are the main tasks of this
field. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the biomass yield and the quality characteristics
(gross calorific value and ash content) of two perennial energy crops (Cynara cardunculus L. and
Panicum virgatum L.) growing in a typical soil (Fluventic Xerochrept) of the main agricultural
land of central Greece. The comparison for both cultivated crops was made in order to show the
results during their 8th growing year. The examined factors were the irrigation (two levels:
irrigated and rainfed) and the nitrogen fertilization (two levels: 0 and 80 kg N ha-1
) as well as
their effect on the dry biomass yield and the gross calorific value. It was found that higher dry
biomass yield was produced from cardoon (21.3 vs. 14.23 t ha-1
), while the higher average gross
calorific value was observed for switchgrass biomass (17.31 vs. 15.65 Mj kg-1
). Finally,
multiplying the dry biomass yield (t ha-1
) with the gross calorific value (Mj kg-1
) it was found that
334 and 245 Gj ha-1
from a cardoon and a switchgrass cultivation could be produced, respectively.
Cardoon has better results than switchgrass probably due to the fact that switchgrass is growing
from March till October; while cardoon’s growing period is from October to June and in such
areas precipitation is in shortage during summer months. Both crops could achieve high amounts
of energy per hectare and thus their introduction in future land use systems, for an
environmentally friendly energy production should be seriously taken into consideration
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Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events
For intelligent systems to make best use of the audio modality, it is important that they can recognize not just speech and music, which have been researched as specific tasks, but also general sounds in everyday environments. To stimulate research in this field we conducted a public research challenge: the IEEE Audio and Acoustic Signal Processing Technical Committee challenge on Detection and Classification of Acoustic Scenes and Events (DCASE). In this paper, we report on the state of the art in automatically classifying audio scenes, and automatically detecting and classifying audio events. We survey prior work as well as the state of the art represented by the submissions to the challenge from various research groups. We also provide detail on the organization of the challenge, so that our experience as challenge hosts may be useful to those organizing challenges in similar domains. We created new audio datasets and baseline systems for the challenge; these, as well as some submitted systems, are publicly available under open licenses, to serve as benchmarks for further research in general-purpose machine listening
Sorghum dry biomass yield for solid bio-fuel production affected by different N-fertilization rates
The objective of this study was to examine the effect on the dry biomass yield of two
dfferent sorghum hybrids (H1 and H2) under five different N-fertilization levels (0, 70, 140, 210
and 280 kg ha-1
) in a soil which was formed by lacustrine deposits of Karla Lake and is
characterized from the downward movement of calcium carbonate from the surface horizons due
to leaching (Fluventic Xerochrept) during 2017. The results demonstrated a significant effect
(P < 0.05) of fertilization only for one hybrid. Biomass yield ranged from 22.2 to 37.5 t ha−1. For
both hybrids, sorghum accumulated a high amount of biomass in stems. Dry stem/total biomass
ratio was rather constant throughout the different fertilization treatments achieving 81.6 and
77.5% for the first (H1) and the second hybrid (H2), respectively. The second hybrid (H2) had a
higher percentage of leaf biomass (20.1 vs. 13.8%) than the first (H1), but lagged behind in seed
production (2.4 vs. 4.6%). Biomass dry matter partitioning and total dry weight are important
selection criteria for energy crops, due to different gross calorific value and ash content but also
because of the different economic importance they may have e.g. the seed is also used as animal
feed. The above high biomass yields of sorghum, confirming the high potential of this crop,
should be taken into serious consideration regarding land use planning, but further investigation
for the gross calorific value and the ash content is needed as well as biomass characteristics that
are quite important in case to improve the combustion process
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