Study and suppression of the microstructural anisotropy generated during the consolidation of a carbonyl iron powder by field-assisted hot pressing

Published OnlineA spherical carbonyl iron powder was consolidated by the field-assisted hot pressing technique using graphite tools at two different temperatures, both above the austenitizing temperature. The microstructures obtained exhibited a compositional gradient in carbon along the consolidated material. Thus, the outer rim of the cylindrical samples was composed of cementite and pearlite that gradually turned to pearlite, leading to a fully ferritic microstructure at the core of the sample. The increase in the temperature has led to a higher introduction of carbon within the sample. The interposition of a thin tungsten foil between the graphite die/punches and the powders has significantly reduced the diffusion of the carbon through the iron matrix and has suppressed the microstructural anisotropy.Publicad

One-pot tandem enzymatic reactions for efficient biocatalytic synthesis of d-fructose-6-phosphate and analogues.

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Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and biological evaluation of chitosan sulfate as heparan sulfate mimics

Despite the relevant biological functions of heparan sulfate (HS) glycosaminoglycans, their limited availability and the chemical heterogeneity from natural sources hamper their use for biomedical applications. Chitosan sulfates (ChS) exhibit structural similarity to HSs and may mimic their biological functions. We prepared a variety of ChS with different degree of sulfation to evaluate their ability to mimic HS in protein binding and to promote neural cell division and differentiation. The structure of the products was characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical methods. The study of their interaction with different growth factors showed that ChS bound to the proteins similarly or even better than heparin. In cell cultures, a transition effect on cell number was observed as a function of ChS concentration. Differences in promoting the expression of the differentiation markers were also found depending on the degree of sulfation and modification in the chitosan.The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grants MAT2015-65184-C2-1-R and MAT2015-65184-C2-2-R).Peer Reviewe

Microstructural and mechanical characterisation of ODS ferritic alloys produced by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering

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Tandem and Sequential Multi-Enzymatic Syntheses

Summary This chapter contains sections titled: •Production of Isorhamnetin 3-O-Glucoside in Escherichia coli Using Engineered Glycosyltransferase •Multienzymatic Preparation of (−)-3-(Oxiran-2-yl)Benzoic Acid •Enzymatic Synthesis of Carbohydrates from Dihydroxyacetone and Aldehydes by a One Pot Enzyme Cascade Reaction •Aldolase Based Multi-Enzyme System for Carbon[BOND]Carbon Bond Formation •Tandem Biocatalytic Process for the Kinetic Resolution of β-Phenylalanine and its Analogs •A Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Deoxy Sugar Ester of N-Boc-Protected L-Tyrosine •Electrochemical Systems for the Recovery of Succinic Acid from FermentationsPeer reviewe