Meso-Scale Seabed Quantification with Geoacoustic Inversion

Abstract Knowledge of sub-seabed geoacoustic properties, for example depth dependent sound speed and porosity, is of importance for a variety of applications. Here, we present a semi-automated geoacoustic inversion method for autonomous underwater vehicle data that objectively adapts model inference to seabed structure. Through parallelized trans-dimensional Bayesian inference, we infer seabed properties along a 12 km survey track on the scale of about 10 cm and 50 m in the vertical and horizontal, respectively. The inferred seabed properties include sound speed, attenuation, density, and porosity as a function of depth from acoustic reflection coefficient data. Parameter uncertainties are quantified, and the seabed properties agree closely with core samples at two control points and the layering structure with an independent sub-bottom seismic survey. Recovering high resolution seabed properties over large areas is shown to be feasible, which could become an important tool for marine industries, navies and oceanic research organizations

Dynamics of apparent horizons in quantum gravitational collapse

We study the gravitational collapse of a massless scalar field within the effective scenario of loop quantum gravity. Classical singularity is avoided and replaced by a quantum bounce in this model. It is shown that, quantum gravity effects predict a threshold scale below which no horizon can form as the collapse evolves towards the bounce.Comment: Contribution to the Spanish Relativity Meeting in Portugal 2012 (ERE2012), Guimaraes, Portuga

Berechnung der Parameter des Säure-Basen-Haushaltes mit Hilfe eines Kleincomputers

Peer Reviewe

Trans-Dimensional Geoacoustic Inversion of Wind-Driven Ambient Noise

This letter applies trans-dimensional Bayesian geoacoustic inversion to quantify the uncertainty due to model selection when inverting bottom-loss data derived from wind-driven ambient-noise measurements. A partition model is used to represent the seabed, in which the number of layers, their thicknesses, and acoustic parameters are unknowns to be determined from the data. Exploration of the parameter space is implemented using the Metropolis–Hastings algorithm with parallel tempering, whereas jumps between parameterizations are controlled by a reversible-jump Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm. Sediment uncertainty profiles from inversion of simulated and experimental data are presented

Maximal length of trapped one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates

I discuss a Bogoliubov inequality for obtaining a rigorous bound on the maximal axial extension of inhomogeneous one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensates. An explicit upper limit for the aspect ratio of a strongly elongated, harmonically trapped Thomas-Fermi condensate is derived.Comment: 6 pages; contributed paper for Quantum Fluids and Solids, Trento 2004, to appear in JLT

Adaptable-radius, time-orbiting magnetic ring trap for Bose-Einstein condensates

We theoretically investigate an adjustable-radius magnetic storage ring for laser-cooled and Bose-condensed atoms. Additionally, we discuss a novel time-dependent variant of this and other ring traps. Time-orbiting ring traps provide a high optical access method for spin-flip loss prevention near a storage ring's circular magnetic field zero. Our scalable storage ring will allow one to probe the fundamental limits of condensate Sagnac interferometry.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. accepted in J Phys

Collective oscillations of a 1D trapped Bose gas

Starting from the hydrodynamic equations of superfluids, we calculate the frequencies of the collective oscillations of a harmonically trapped Bose gas for various 1D configurations. These include the mean field regime described by Gross-Pitaevskii theory and the beyond mean field regime at small densities described by Lieb-Liniger theory. The relevant combinations of the physical parameters governing the transition between the different regimes are discussed.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figure

Biological and clinical significance of tryptophan-catabolizing enzymes in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas

Indoleamine 2,3-deoxygenase 1 (IDO1) induces immune tolerance in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and is recognized as a potential therapeutic target. We studied the expression of both IDO1 and the related tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) in several different subtypes of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL), and evaluated the kynurenine (KYN) pathway in the local TME and in patient sera. Specimens from the total of 90 CTCL patients, including mycosis fungoides (MF, n = 37), lymphomatoid papulosis (LyP, n = 36), primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (pcALCL, n = 4), subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma (SPTCL n = 13), and 10 patients with inflammatory lichen ruber planus (LRP), were analyzed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), immunofluorescence (IF), quantitative PCR, and/or liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Three CTCL cell lines also were studied. Expression of both IDO1 and TDO was upregulated in CTCL. In MF specimens and in the MF cell line MyLa2000, IDO1 expression exceeded that of TDO, whereas the opposite was true for LyP, ALCL, and corresponding Mac1/2A cell lines. The spectrum of IDO1-expressing cell types differed among CTCL subtypes and was reflected in the clinical behavior. In MF, SPTCL, and LyP, IDO1 was expressed by malignant cells and by CD33(+) myeloid-derived suppressor cells, whereas in SPTCL CD163(+) tumor-associated macrophages also expressed IDO1. Significantly elevated serum KYN/Trp ratios were found in patients with advanced stages of MF. Epacadostat, an IDO1 inhibitor, induced a clear decrease in KYN concentration in cell culture. These results show the importance of IDO1/TDO-induced immunosuppression in CTCL and emphasize its role as a new therapeutic target.Peer reviewe

Pseudopotential model of ultracold atomic collisions in quasi-one- and two-dimensional traps

We describe a model for s-wave collisions between ground state atoms in optical lattices, considering especially the limits of quasi-one and two dimensional axisymmetric harmonic confinement. When the atomic interactions are modelled by an s-wave Fermi-pseudopotential, the relative motion energy eigenvalues can easily be obtained. The results show that except for a bound state, the trap eigenvalues are consistent with one- and two- dimensional scattering with renormalized scattering amplitudes. For absolute scattering lengths large compared with the tightest trap width, our model predicts a novel bound state of low energy and nearly-isotropic wavefunction extending on the order of the tightest trap width.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures; submitted to Phys. Rev.

Breakdown of superfluidity of an atom laser past an obstacle

The 1D flow of a continuous beam of Bose-Einstein condensed atoms in the presence of an obstacle is studied as a function of the beam velocity and of the type of perturbing potential (representing the interaction of the obstacle with the atoms of the beam). We identify the relevant regimes: stationary/time-dependent and superfluid/dissipative; the absence of drag is used as a criterion for superfluidity. There exists a critical velocity below which the flow is superfluid. For attractive obstacles, we show that this critical velocity can reach the value predicted by Landau's approach. For penetrable obstacles, it is shown that superfluidity is recovered at large beam velocity. Finally, enormous differences in drag occur when switching from repulsive to attractive potential.Comment: 15 pages, 6 figure