Social and communicative development classmates in the process of album commuication

The article discusses the study group (class) as a socio-cultural space of everyday school life of children. Updated the question of admission students to the school folklore. Examines the role of the school questionnaire as a genre of landscape culture girlhood in social and communicative development of adolescent girls.В статье рассматривается учебная группа (класс) как социокультурное пространство повседневной школьной жизни детей. Актуализируется вопрос о приобщении учащихся к школьному фольклору. Рассматривается роль школьной анкеты (вопросника) как жанра альбомной культуры девичества в социально-коммуникативном развитии девочек-подростков

Formation of High-quality Aluminum Oxide under Ion Beam Irradiation

In this work we used the radiation–induced technique of selective association of atoms (SAA) to create the aluminum oxide layer on the surface of metallic Al under oxygen ion beam irradiation. Optimal conditions for carrying out the radiation-induced aluminum oxidation process were established to minimize the target sputtering. An aluminum oxide layer of 20 nm thickness was obtained after irradiation of aluminum target with oxygen ions with 0.2 keV energy up to a dose of ∼2.6 ⋅ 1018 ions/cm2 at room temperature. HRTEM and EELS techniques were used to characterize the chemical compositional changes after irradiation. It was found that aluminum oxide layer after irradiation contained an excessive amount (∼10 at.%) of implanted oxygen. Keywords: ion beam irradiation, aluminum thin films, EELS, HRTE

The Student Club as a Tool for Attracting Youth Audience to Museums

open access articleThe authors describe the possibility of using a differentiated approach based on vocational education in the field of art and culture as a new criterion for attracting youth audiences to museums in the digital era. A distinctive feature of the differentiated approach in the activities of museum student clubs is the targeted impact on various groups of young people, taking into account their age and level of art training in the development of museum programs. In order to assess the applicability of the differentiated approach to working with young people in museums, the members of student clubs of the two largest museums in Russia, i.e., the Hermitage and the Russian Museum, were surveyed. Expert interviews with the staff of the student clubs were also conducted. Based on the results of the analysis, the authors identified three groups of the young people, which were designated as “interested,” “advanced” and “proficient.” The criteria for dividing into the groups were differences in the educational level of the students in the field of art and culture. This division allowed to determine the forms of the most attractive museum events for the identified groups of students. The results of the study may be useful in working with the youth audience in other museums

Widespread Occurrence of Dosage Compensation in Candida albicans

The important human pathogen Candida albicans possesses an unusual form of gene regulation, in which the copy number of an entire specific chromosome or a large portion of a specific chromosome changes in response to a specific adverse environment, thus, insuring survival. In the absence of the adverse environment, the altered portion of the genome can be restored to its normal condition. One major question is how C. albicans copes with gene imbalance arising by transitory aneuploid states. Here, we compared transcriptomes from cells with either two copies or one copy of chromosome 5 (Ch5) in, respectively, a diploid strain 3153A and its representative derivative Sor55. Statistical analyses revealed that at least 40% of transcripts from the monosomic Ch5 are fully compensated to a disomic level, thus, indicating the existence of a genome-wide mechanism maintaining cellular homeostasis. Only approximately 15% of transcripts were diminished twofold in accordance with what would be expected for Ch5 monosomy. Another minor portion of approximately 6% of transcripts, unexpectedly, increased up to twofold and higher than the disomic level, demonstrating indirect control by monosomy. Array comparative genome hybridization revealed that only few out of approximately 500 genes on the monosomic Ch5b were duplicated, thus, not causing a global up regulation. Dosage compensation was confirmed with several representative genes from another monosomic Ch5a in the mutant Sor60. We suggest that C. albicans's unusual regulation of gene expression by the loss and gain of entire chromosomes is coupled with widespread compensation of gene dosage at the transcriptional level

Quantitative analysis of NbN thin films by EELS technique in STEM mode

Количественная информация об электрофизических свойствах ультратонких (5 нм) сверхпроводящих пленок NbN до и после облучения ионами с энергией (0.1-1 кэВ) исследуется методом спектроскопии энергетических потерь электронов в режиме сходящегося пучка электронов.Quantitative information about electrical properties of superconductive NbN ultrathin (0.5 nm) films before and after irradiation by ions with energies (0.1-1 keV) were investigated by Electron energy loss spectroscopy in STEM mode

Клиническое значение парного определения ВИЧ -1 у больных в крови и цереброспинальной жидкости

A comparative investigation has been applied to 100 HIV infected patients with CD4 lymphocytes rate <350 cells/microliter, demanding HAART prescription, divided into two groups: 1 – without clinical features of CNS damage (54 people) and 2 – with features of CNS damage of various etiology (46 people). HIV viral load (VL) indices in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been examined. 45,7% of damages are caused with mixed infections. CSF HIV VL level with the 2 group patients is 7,6 times as high as that of 1 group patients. HIV VL in plasma is considerably higher than in CSF. Eight patients showed increased CSF HIV VL. Brain damages of various etiology with clinical implications violate hematoencephalic barrier integrity, contribute to HIV accumulation in CSF and intensify virus replication in brain tissue. It has been concluded that CSF examination for HIV is expedient.Проведено сравнительное исследование 100 больных с ВИЧ-инфекцией с показателем количества СD4-лимфоцитов <350 кл/мкл, нуждающихся в назначении ВААРТ, разделенных на две группы: 1 – без клинических признаков поражения ЦНС (54 человека) и 2 – имеющих признаки поражения ЦНС различной этиологии (46 человек). Изучались показатели вирусной нагрузки (ВН) ВИЧ в плазме крови и спинномозговой жидкости (СМЖ). В 45,7% случаях поражения вызваны микст-инфекциями. У пациентов 2 группы уровень ВН ВИЧ в СМЖ в 7,6 раз выше, чем у пациентов 1 группы. ВН ВИЧ в плазме значительно выше показателей в СМЖ. У восьми больных установлено превышение ВН ВИЧ в МЖ. Поражения головного мозга различной этиологии с клиническими проявлениями нарушают целостность гематоэнцефалического барьера, способствуют накоплению ВИЧ в СМЖ и усиливают репликацию вируса в мозговой ткани. Сделан вывод о целесообразности проведения исследования на ВИЧ в СМЖ