How to manage KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small-cell lung cancer

Constitutive KRAS signalling drives tumorigenesis across several cancer types. In non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) activating KRAS mutations occur in ~30% of cases, and the glycine to cysteine substitution at codon 12 (G12C) is the most common KRAS alteration. Although KRAS mutations have been considered undruggable for over 40 years, the recent discovery of allelic-specific KRAS inhibitors has paved the way to personalized cancer medicine for patients with tumours harbouring these mutations. Here, we review the current treatment landscape for patients with advanced NSCLCs harbouring a KRAS G12C mutation, including PD-(L) 1-based therapies and direct KRAS inhibitors as well as sequential treatment options. We also explore the possible mechanisms of resistance to KRAS inhibition and strategies to overcome resistance in patients with KRAS G12C-mutant NSCLC

Apparente e non effettiva la partecipazione al processo senza la conoscenza degli atti che lo compongono

La nuova formulazione dell'art. 143, co. 3, c.p.p. – a seguito delle modifiche introdotte dal d.lgs. 4 marzo 2014, n. 32, in attuazione della Dir. 2010/64/UE sul diritto alla interpretazione e alla traduzione nei procedimenti penali – prevede la traduzione facoltativa di tutti quegli atti, o anche solo di una parte di essi, che siano ritenuti fondamentali ai fini della conoscenza degli elementi d’accusa; di talché l’avviso di fissazione dell'udienza dinanzi al Tribunale del riesame non rientra in tale previsione, contenendo solo l’indicazione della data dell'udienza fissata per l'esame del gravame proposto dallo stesso indagato o dal suo difensore; ne discende che nessuna conseguenza sanzionatoria può essere prevista in caso di omessa traduzione nella lingua nota all’imputato

La discrecionaliad judicial en dos enfoques reglados de la valoración de la prueba penal

Este trabajo pretende justificar, desde un punto de vista descriptivo, la presencia de la discrecionalidad judicial en el proceso de valoración de la prueba penal. Ello, a partir de las observaciones que se realizan a dos enfoques de valoración reglados de la prueba: la aplicación judicial del teorema de Bayes y el modelo epistemológico de TaruffoThis essay attempts to fi nd arguments, –from a descriptive perspective–, for judicial discretion when it comes to evaluating evidence, inside of a criminal fact-fi nding process. I will analyze two formal assessing evidence approaches: the judicial application of Bayes’ Theorem and Taruffo’s epistemological syste

Adversarialism in Italy: Using the concept of legal culture to understand resistance to legal modifications and its consequences

Based on the author’s empirical study on Italian prosecutors, this article uses legal culture to analyze the reasons why prosecutors are resisting certain legal modifications. In so doing, this paper tries to offer a fresh perspective over (comparative) global issues, such as: the meaning of inquisitorial and adversarial in modern criminal justice systems, the impact of legal transplants and legal translations and the centrality of prosecutors’ powers in contemporary criminal justice systems. In particular, the analysis of legal culture in a comparative perspective can stretch our imagination about what is the true extent of prosecutors’ powers, and how these can be related and balanced against the defendant’s rights

Pubblico ministero (struttura e funzioni)

none1noopenROSSELLA MASTROTOTAROMastrototaro, Rossell