Optimum Capital/Asset Ratios in the Credit Union Industry: A Managerial Perspective

This study provides a statistical tool for assisting credit union managers in planning capital/asset ratio strategies for optimum operating efficiency. Focus groups, personal interviews, and survey data from randomly selected responses form the basis of our model. Two multiple regression equations allow operating managers to set target goals for their gross and net capital/asset ratios

Appropriations for FY2005: Legislative Branch

This report is a guide to appropriations of Legislative Branch for FY2005

Проектирование газлифтных скважин на нефтяном месторождении «Белый Тигр» (Вьетнам)

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Local hindlimb antioxidant infusion does not affect muscle glucose uptake during in situ contractions in rat

There is evidence that reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the regulation of skeletal muscle glucose uptake during highly fatiguing ex vivo contraction conditions via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). In this study we investigated the role of ROS in the regulation of glucose uptake and AMPK signaling during low-moderate intensity in situ hindlimb muscle contractions in rats, which is a more physiological protocol and preparation. Male hooded Wistar rats were anesthetized, and then N-acetylcysteine (NAC) was infused into the epigastric artery (125 mg·kg−1·h−1) of one hindlimb (contracted leg) for 15 min before this leg was electrically stimulated (0.1-ms impulse at 2 Hz and 35 V) to contract at a low-moderate intensity for 15 min. The contralateral leg did not receive stimulation or local NAC infusion (rest leg). NAC infusion increased (P < 0.05) plasma cysteine and cystine (by ∼360- and 1.4-fold, respectively) and muscle cysteine (by 1.5-fold, P = 0.001). Although contraction did not significantly alter muscle tyrosine nitration, reduced (GSH) or oxidized glutathione (GSSG) content, S-glutathionylation of protein bands at ∼250 and 150 kDa was increased (P < 0.05) ∼1.7-fold by contraction, and this increase was prevented by NAC. Contraction increased (P < 0.05) skeletal muscle glucose uptake 20-fold, AMPK phosphorylation 6-fold, ACCβ phosphorylation 10-fold, and p38 MAPK phosphorylation 60-fold, and the muscle fatigued by ∼30% during contraction and NAC infusion had no significant effect on any of these responses. This was despite NAC preventing increases in S-glutathionylation with contraction. In conclusion, unlike during highly fatiguing ex vivo contractions, local NAC infusion during in situ low-moderate intensity hindlimb contractions in rats, a more physiological preparation, does not attenuate increases in skeletal muscle glucose uptake or AMPK signaling