The Campus Map: The Case of Wilfrid Laurier University

University campus maps are not generally designed for navigational purposes. However, they are often employed by universities for image-building purposes. A collection of campus maps of universities across Canada have been examined with regards to navigation and image-building. The final focus of this thesis is on the Wilfrid Laurier University campus map. In order to understand the importance of the navigational process on the campus, it is necessary to examine the professions that depend upon maps to navigate through the environment. Children, orienteers and marine navigators provide us with the basic foundations and some of the finer details of employing a map when travelling though the environment. The most significant finding of the research revealed the importance of landmarks for navigational purposes; if employed correctly these landmarks can also be used for image building. Unfortunately, some conflicts arise when attempting to satisfy both navigational and image-building requirements. In order to produce a successful campus map for navigation, the navigational requirements must be met first. Image-building features can be added, however they must not interfere with the primary purpose of the campus map—navigation

Study of the Effects of a Buddy Reading Program on the Reading Achievement and Attitudes of Kindergarten and Grade Seven Students at Abbotsford Christian School, Heritage Campus

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a Buddy Reading Program on reading levels and attitudes towards reading. A Buddy Reading Program is a type of peertutoring strategy that can be used across various grade levels spanning from kindergarten through grade 12. As defined in this project, a Buddy Reading Program pairs older students with younger students in a language arts setting. The older students prepare a short reading lesson and tutor the younger students in hopes of improving reading success. This study took place using a control group of one kindergarten class of 18 students and 12 randomly selected grade seven students. The experimental group consisted of the second kindergarten class (18 students) and the remainder of the grade seven students (12 students) at Abbotsford Christian School, Heritage Campus. The grade seven students who were part of the Buddy Reading Program were assigned to one or two kindergarten children and spent time reading books and teaching the kindergarten students short language arts lessons. All the kindergarten students were tested before and after the length of the program using a letter and sounds identification test and the Elementary Reading Attitudes Survey (The Reading Teacher, 1990). The grade seven students were tested before and after the Buddy Reading Program using the John’s Reading Inventory and Word List (2001), and a reading attitudes survey developed by the researcher. Results showed only statistically significant improvements in the grade seven word lists. Other results including reading level and attitudes towards reading for the kindergarten children were not statistically significant. Minor improvements in reading levels and attitudes towards reading were evident in the grade seven students who participated in the program, but these improvements were not statistically significant

Ultrarelativistic bound states in spinor and scalar QED

Nonperturbative integral equations are developed variationally for two-particle bound states in spinor and scalar quantum electrodynamics. The equations are solved numerically in the massive case and analytically in the massless case. The coupling constant is varied in order to study the bound states in the ultrarelativistic region

Bound-State Variational Wave Equation For Fermion Systems In QED

We present a formulation of the Hamiltonian variational method for QED which enables the derivation of relativistic few-fermion wave equation that can account, at least in principle, for interactions to any order of the coupling constant. We derive a relativistic two-fermion wave equation using this approach. The interaction kernel of the equation is shown to be the generalized invariant M-matrix including all orders of Feynman diagrams. The result is obtained rigorously from the underlying QFT for arbitrary mass ratio of the two fermions. Our approach is based on three key points: a reformulation of QED, the variational method, and adiabatic hypothesis. As an application we calculate the one-loop contribution of radiative corrections to the two-fermion binding energy for singlet states with arbitrary principal quantum number $n$, and $l =J=0$. Our calculations are carried out in the explicitly covariant Feynman gauge.Comment: 26 page

A Variational Fock-Space Treatment of Quarkonium

The variational method and the Hamiltonian formalism of QCD are used to derive relativistic, momentum space integral equations for a quark-antiquark system with an arbitrary number of gluons present. As a first step, the resulting infinite chain of coupled equations is solved in the nonrelativistic limit by an approximate decoupling method. Comparison with experiment allows us to fix the quark mass and coupling constant, allowing for the calculation of the spectra of massive systems such as charmonium and bottomonium. Studying the results with and without the nonAbelian terms, we find that the presence of the nonAbelian factors yields better agreement with the experimental spectra.Comment: TEX, no figure

Exact two-particle eigenstates in partially reduced QED

We consider a reformulation of QED in which covariant Green functions are used to solve for the electromagnetic field in terms of the fermion fields. It is shown that exact few-fermion eigenstates of the resulting Hamiltonian can be obtained in the canonical equal-time formalism for the case where there are no free photons. These eigenstates lead to two- and three-body Dirac-like equations with electromagnetic interactions. Perturbative and some numerical solutions of the two-body equations are presented for positronium and muonium-like systems, for various strengths of the coupling.Comment: 33 pages, LaTex 2.09, 4 figures in EPS forma

Ultrarelativistic bound states in spinor and scalar QED

Nonperturbative integral equations are developed variationally for two-particle bound states in spinor and scalar quantum electrodynamics. The equations are solved numerically in the massive case and analytically in the massless case. The coupling constant is varied in order to study the bound states in the ultrarelativistic region