Clima laboral y estilos de afrontamiento al estrés en personal de Cali center de MDY en la sede de Callao

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo determinar la relación que existe entre el clima laboral y los estilos de afrontamiento al estrés en personal de Cali Center en la sede del Callao. Esta investigación es de tipo correlaciona! y con un diseño no experimental transversal, fue aplicada a 109 trabajadores de la empresa de Cali Center en ambos tumos mañana y tarde. Sus edades oscilan entre los 18 a 52 años y estuvo conformada por 45 empleados (41.3%) siendo de género masculino y un 58.7% (64 empleados) son de género femenino. En este estudio se realizaron los siguientes instrumentos: a) Ficha de datos sociodemográfícos, b) Escala de Clima Laboral de Sonia Palma (publicado en el año 2004) y, c) Cuestionario de Modos de Afrontamiento al estrés: COPE (Carver, elaborado en el año 1989 adaptado por Casuso 1996). Los resultados referentes al clima laboral en la empresa indican que los empleados perciben que este está en un puntaje promedio, es decir hay un nivel de aceptación por los trabajadores a este nivel. Cuando se habla de los estilos de afrontamiento, el más utilizado por los empleados es el estilo centrado en el problema, es decir se encuentra en un nivel promedio de aceptación. El estilo de afrontamiento enfocado en la emoción se obtuvo que los empleados utilizan este estilo a nivel promedio y para concluir los otros estilos de afrontamiento son utilizados por los empleados a un nivel bajo.La relación hallada ente el clima laboral y los estilos de afrontamiento se concluye que existe una correlación con densidad muy baja entre clima laboral y estilo de afrontamiento al problema

A systematic review and meta-analysis comparing carer focused and dyadic multicomponent interventions for cares of people with dementia

CC BY-NCObjective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of two approaches: multicomponent interventions that focus on working with the carer and dyadic interventions that work with both the carer and the person with dementia. Method: A systematic review involving a search of Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO in October 2015 was performed. Randomized controlled trials involving carers of people with dementia and comparing multicomponent interventions with usual care were included. Results: Pooling of all studies demonstrated that multicomponent interventions can reduce depressive symptoms, improve quality of life, reduce carer impact, and reduce behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia as well as caregiver upset with these symptoms. We were unable to find a significant difference in the effects of dyadic interventions in comparison with carer focused interventions for these outcomes. Discussion: Although effect sizes associated with intervention are small, multicomponent interventions are relatively inexpensive to deliver, acceptable, and widely applicable

Linking the evidence: intermediate outcomes in medical test assessments

Objectives To review how health technology assessments (HTA) of medical tests incorporate intermediate outcomes in conclusions about the effectiveness of tests on improving health outcomes. Methods Systematic review of English-language test assessments in the HTA database from January 2005 to February 2010, supplemented by a search of the websites of International Network of Agencies for Health Technology Assessment (INAHTA) members. Results 149 HTAs from eight countries were assessed. Half evaluated tests for screening or diagnosis, a third for disease classification (including staging, prognosis, monitoring), and a fifth for multiple purposes. In 71 HTAs (48%) only diagnostic accuracy was reported, while in 17 (11%) evidence of health outcomes was reported in addition to accuracy. Intermediate outcomes, mainly the impact of test results on patient management, were considered in 61 HTAs (41%). Of these, 47 identified randomized trials or observational studies reporting intermediate outcomes. The validity of these intermediate outcomes as a surrogate for health outcomes was not consistently discussed; nor was the quality appraisal of this evidence. Clear conclusions about whether the test was effective were included in about 60% of HTAs. Conclusions Intermediate outcomes are frequently assessed in medical test HTAs, but interpretation of this evidence is inconsistently reported. We recommend that reviewers explain the rationale for using intermediate outcomes, identify the assumptions required to link intermediate outcomes and patient benefits and harms, and assess the quality of included studies

Interventions to delay functional decline in people with dementia: a systematic review of systematic reviews.

This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/Objective To summarise existing systematic reviews that assess the effects of non-pharmacological, pharmacological and alternative therapies on activities of daily living (ADL) function in people with dementia. Design Overview of systematic reviews. Methods A systematic search in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, DARE, Medline, EMBASE and PsycInfo in April 2015. Systematic reviews of randomised controlled trials conducted in people with Alzheimer's disease or dementia measuring the impact on ADL function were included. Methodological quality of the systematic reviews was independently assessed by two authors using the AMSTAR tool. The quality of evidence of the primary studies for each intervention was assessed using GRADE. Results A total of 23 systematic reviews were included in the overview. The quality of the reviews varied; however most (65%) scored 8/11 or more on the AMSTAR tool, indicating high quality. Interventions that were reported to be effective in minimising decline in ADL function were: exercise (6 studies, 289 participants, standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.68, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.27; GRADE: low), dyadic interventions (8 studies, 988 participants, SMD 0.37, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.69; GRADE: low) acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and memantine (12 studies, 4661 participants, donepezil 10 mg SMD 0.18, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.32; GRADE: moderate), selegiline (7 studies, 810 participants, SMD 0.27, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.41; GRADE: low), huperzine A (2 studies, 70 participants, SMD 1.48, 95% CI 0.95 to 2.02; GRADE: very low) and Ginkgo biloba (7 studies, 2530 participants, SMD 0.36, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.44; GRADE: very low). Conclusions Healthcare professionals should ensure that people with dementia are encouraged to exercise and that primary carers are trained and supported to provide safe and effective care for the person with dementia. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or memantine should be trialled unless contraindicated. Trial registration number CRD42015020179

Formation of Pentosidine during Nonenzymatic Browning of Proteins by Glucose

A fluorescent compound has been detected in proteins browned during Maillard reactions with glucose in vitro and shown to be identical to pentosidine, a pentose- derived fluorescent cross-link formed between arginine and lysine residues in collagen (Sell, D. R., and Monnier, V. M. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 21597- 2 1602). Pentosidine was the major fluorophore formed during nonenzymatic browning of ribonuclease and lysozyme by glucose, but accounted for \u3c1% of nondisulfide cross-links in protein dimers formed during the reaction. Pentosidine was formed in greatest yields in reactions of pentoses with lysine and arginine in model systems but was also formed from glucose, fructose, ascorbate, Amadori compounds, 3-deoxyglucosone, and other sugars. Pentosidine was not formed from peroxidized polyunsaturated fatty acids or malondialdehyde. Its formation from carbohydrates was inhibited under nitrogen or anaerobic conditions and by aminoguanidine, an inhibitor of advanced glycation and browning reactions. Pentosidine was detected in human lens proteins, where its concentration increased gradually with age, but it did not exceed trace concentrations (55 Fmol/mol lysine), even in the 80-year-old lens. Although its precise carbohydrate source in vivo is uncertain and it is present in only trace concentrations in tissue proteins, pentosidine appears to be a useful biomarker for assessing cumulative damage to proteins by nonenzymatic browning reactions with carbohydrates

Expenditure and resource utilisation for cervical screening in Australia

BACKGROUND The National Cervical Screening Program in Australia currently recommends that women aged 18-69 years are screened with conventional cytology every 2 years. Publicly funded HPV vaccination was introduced in 2007, and partly as a consequence, a renewal of the screening program that includes a review of screening recommendations has recently been announced. This study aimed to provide a baseline for such a review by quantifying screening program resource utilisation and costs in 2010. METHODS A detailed model of current cervical screening practice in Australia was constructed and we used data from the Victorian Cervical Cytology Registry to model age-specific compliance with screening and follow-up. We applied model-derived rate estimates to the 2010 Australian female population to calculate costs and numbers of colposcopies, biopsies, treatments for precancer and cervical cancers in that year, assuming that the numbers of these procedures were not yet substantially impacted by vaccination. RESULTS The total cost of the screening program in 2010 (excluding administrative program overheads) was estimated to be A$194.8M. We estimated that a total of 1.7 million primary screening smears costing$96.7M were conducted, a further 188,900 smears costing $10.9M were conducted to follow-up low grade abnormalities, 70,900 colposcopy and 34,100 histological evaluations together costing$21.2M were conducted, and about 18,900 treatments for precancerous lesions were performed (including retreatments), associated with a cost of $45.5M for treatment and post-treatment follow-up. We also estimated that$20.5M was spent on work-up and treatment for approximately 761 women diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer. Overall, an estimated $23 was spent in 2010 for each adult woman in Australia on cervical screening program-related activities. CONCLUSIONS Approximately half of the total cost of the screening program is spent on delivery of primary screening tests; but the introduction of HPV vaccination, new technologies, increasing the interval and changing the age range of screening is expected to have a substantial impact on this expenditure, as well as having some impact on follow-up and management costs. These estimates provide a benchmark for future assessment of the impact of changes to screening program recommendations to the costs of cervical screening in Australia

Oxidized Amino Acids in Lens Protein with Age: Measurement of o-Tyrosine and Dityrosine in the Aging Human Lens

The concentrations of ortho-tyrosine (o-Tyr) and dityrosine (DT) were measured in noncataractous human lenses in order to assess the role of proteinoxidation reactions in the aging of lens proteins. The measurements were conducted by selected ion monitoring-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using deuterium-labeled internal standards, which provided both high sensitivity and specificity for the quantitation of o-Tyr and DT. Between ages 1 and 78 years, the o-Tyr concentration in lens proteins varied from 0.3 to 0.9 mmol of o-Tyr/mol of Phe (n = 19), while DT ranged from 1 to 3 mumol of DT/mol of Tyr (n = 30). There were no significant changes in levels of o-Tyr with lens age. There was a statistically significant, but only slight, increase in DT in lens proteins with age (approximately 33% increases between ages 1 and 78, r = 0.5, p \u3c 0.01). At the same time, totalprotein fluorescence, measured at DT wavelengths (Ex = 317 nm, Em = 407 nm), increased 11-fold between ages 1 and 78 and correlated strongly with age (r = 0.82, p \u3c 0.0001). Although the fluorescence maxima of lens proteins were similar to those of DT, DT accounted for less than 1% of the DT-like fluorescence in lens protein at all ages. These observations indicate that oxidation of Phe and Tyr plays a limited role in the normal aging of lens proteins in vivo

Effect of Phosphate on the Kinetics and Specificity of Glycation of Protein

The glycation (nonenzymatic glycosylation) of several proteins was studied in various buffiner os rder to assess the effects of buffering ions on the kinetics and specificity of glycation of protein. Incubation of RNase with glucose in phosphate buffer resulted in inactivation of the enzyme because of preferential modification of lysine residues ino r near the activsei te. In contrast, in the cationic buffers, 3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid and 3-(N-tris(hydroxymethyl)rnethylamino)- 2-hydroxypropanesulfonica cid, the kineticso f glycation of RNase were decreased 2- to 3-fold, there was a decrease in glycation of active site versus peripheral lysines, and the enzyme was resistant to inactivation by glucose. The extent of Schiff base formation on RNase was comparable in the three buffers, suggesting that phosphate, bound in the active site of RNase, catalyzed the Amadori rearrangement at active site lysines, leading to the enhanced rate of inactivation of the enzyme. Phosphate catalysis of glycation was concentration-dependent and could be mimicked by arsenate. Phosphate also stimulated the rate of glycation of other proteins, such as lysozyme, cytochrome c, albumin, and hemoglobin. As with RNase, phosphate affected the specificity of glycation of hemoglobin, resulting in increasegdly cation of amino-terminal valine versus intrachain lysine residues. 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate exerted similar effeocnt st he glycation of hemoglobin, suggesting that inorganic and organic phosphates may play an important role in determining the kinetics and specificity of glycation of hemoglobin in the red cell. Overall, these studies establishth at buffering ions or ligands can exert significant effects on the kinetics ands pecificity of glycation of proteins

The diagnostic accuracy of the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA) tool: a systematic review

Copyright © 2017 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists. Reprinted by permission of SAGE PublicationsObjectives: The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of evidence for the accuracy of the Kimberley Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA) tool in supporting the diagnosis of dementia in Indigenous Australian populations. Methods: Cross-sectional diagnostic accuracy studies of the KICA with an appropriate reference standard published to November 2015 were included. Comparison to an alternative cognitive assessment tool was required in non-remote populations. Case control analyses were excluded. Results: Four studies were included: one of the KICA-Cog and KICA-Carer, one of the KICA Screen, and two of the modified-KICA. All tools developed for remote populations had a sensitivity of ≥76% and a specificity of ≥71% for the diagnosis of dementia. The KICA-Cog and KICA-Carer conducted in series had the highest sensitivity and specificity (91% and 94% respectively). In an urban and regional population, the mKICA had similar accuracy to the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) (AUC 0.93, 95% CI 0.88–0.99 vs 0.94, 95% CI 0.89–0.99). Key risk of bias limitations related to lack of pre-determined cut-points and population selection methods. Conclusion: The use of the KICA in remote Indigenous Australians may assist in timely diagnosis of dementia in this population. Using the KICA-Cog and KICA-Carer in series may maximise specificity, decreasing false positive results without compromising sensitivity

A microstructured fiber source of photon pairs at widely separated wavelengths

We demonstrate a source of photon pairs with widely separated wavelengths, 810 nm and 1548 nm, generated through spontaneous four-wave mixing in a microstructured fiber. The second-order auto-correlation function g^{(2)}(0) was measured to confirm the non-classical nature of a heralded single photon source constructed from the fiber. The microstructured fiber presented herein has the interesting property of generating photon pairs with wavelengths suitable for a quantum repeater able to link free-space channels with fiber channels, as well as for a high quality telecommunication wavelength heralded single photon source. It also has the advantage of straightforward coupling into optical fiber. These reasons make this photon pair source particularly interesting for long distance quantum communication.Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures. Published versio