PENGARUH KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK BUAH KEMUKUS (Pipercubeba)

Streptococcus mutans merupakan bakteri dominan dalam plak gigi dan penyebab kariesgigi. Pengendalian plak dapat dilakukan Denganmetode pembersihan secara kimiawi menggunakan bahan antibakteri dalam pasta gigi. Buah kemukus (Pipercubeba) mengandung senyawa fenol yang berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak etanol buah kemukus dalam pasta gigi terhada pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Bahan utama penelitian ini adalah buah kemukus(Pipercubeba), pastagigidasar, danbiakan Streptococcus mutans. Buah kemukus dibuat ekstrak dengan caramaserasi menggunakan pengekstrak etano!. Dibuat pasta gigi dasar dengan komposisi menurut standar kemudian ditambahkan ekstrak buah kemukus dengan konsentrasi 0%,0,5%,1%,1,5%,2%,5%,10%,15%,20%dan25% Sebagai zatterapeutik. Sebanyak 0,1 ml suspensi bakteri S.mutans(108CFU/ml) ditanampadamediaMueller Hinton Agar, kemudian 0,1 ml pastagigi ekstrak buah kemukus dari setiap kelompok dimasukkan kedalam lubang sumuran(diameter 6mm)pada media tersebut (n=6).Media tersebut kemudian diinkubasi selama48 jam pada suhu 37"C. Zonahambat yang terbentuk diukur menggunakan jangka Sarong dengan ketelitian 0,01 mm. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis variansi satu jalur dan LSDo,O5 Pastagigi dengan konsentrasi ekstrak buah kemukus 0,5%, 1%,1,5% dan 2% tidak membentuk zona hambat terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans. Konsentrasi ekstrakbuah kemukus 5% hingga 25% dalam pastagigi berpengaruh bermakna terhadap pertumbuhan Streptococcus mutans (

Ekspansi termal linier dan residu malam inlei gigi dengan komponen parafin Indonesia

Inlay wax is used for pattern of metallic inlays, crowns, and fixed partial dentures. Inlay wax must have a linear thermal expansion (LTE) and a residue that comply the standards. Inlay wax contains paraffin, carnauba, and beeswax. Paraffin and beeswax are produced in Indonesia. This study aims to examine the effect of the inlay wax compositions with paraffin and beeswax Indonesia on the LTE and residue properties. The research materials are paraffin (Pertamina, Balikpapan), beeswax (SEA, Yogyakarta), carnauba wax (Brataco Chemicals, Yogyakarta), and inlay wax (GC, Japan). Five inlay wax compositions are made with a ratio of paraffin, carnauba, and beeswax 60: 35: 5 (K-60), 65: 30: 5 (K-65), 70: 25: 5 (K-70), 75:20 : 5 (K-75), and 80: 15: 5 (K-80) (% w/w). The waxes were melted at 75 ± 5 oC then moulded for the TLE (267x6.35 x6.35 mm) and the residue (1 g) test specimens (n=4). The LTE and residue specimens were also made of paraffin, carnauba wax, beeswax, and commercial wax (n = 4). The LTE and residue tests were carried out based on ANSI/ADA specification No.4. Data were statistically analyzed by analysis of variance and LSD (α = 0.05). Anava test results showed that composition and temperature had a significant effect on LTE (p <0.05) and composition had a significant effect on residues (p <0.05). The LSD test results showed a significant difference in LTE of the K-75 group with other groups and the residues of the K-75 group and K-80 group with other groups (p <0.05). Inlay wax compositions with high paraffin concentrations have high LTE and residue. The value of LTE and residue of inlay wax with paraffin and beeswax from Indonesia are in accordance with the ANSI/ADA specification no. 4

EVALUATION ON RESIDUAL MONOMER OF HDDMA MATRIX SYSTEM ON FIDER REINFORCED CONDOSITES (FRC) : EVALUASI MONOMER RESIDU DARI SISTEM MATRIKS HDDMA PADA FIDER REINFORCED CONDOSITES(FRC)

Matrix system used bis-GMA was reported hazardously. An alternative monomer such as 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate(HDDMA) was under research. The aim of this study was to evaluate residual monomer content of HDDMA basedmatrix compositions on FRCs (fiber-reinforced composites). Three monomers based on bis-GMA (Sigma-Aldrich,USA),methylmethacrylate (MMA, ProSciTech, Australia), HDDMA (Esstech, USA) were used and also camphorquinone (CQ,Esstech, USA), N,N-cyanoethyl methylaniline (CEMA, Esstech, USA), E-glass fibers (StickTech, Finland). The matrixratios (weight %) were 78.4% bis-GMA+19.6% MMA+1.0% CQ+1.0% CEMA (control-group), 78.4% HDDMA+19.6% MMA+1.0% CQ+1.0% CEMA (EXP-1group), and 49.0% HDDMA+49.0% MMA+1.0% CQ+1.0% CEMA(EXP-2group). Samples with fibers embedded in matrix were light-cured then powdered. Powder of 150mg was dilutedin acetonitrile to 10ml. The solution was filtered then injected into HPLC (20µL). Residual monomer content wasevaluated by mobile phase of acetonitrile and water of 7:3, flow rate 1mL/minute. The size of column was C185µ,125mm length, 4mm diameter. UV detection used 275nm. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The result showed theaverage of residual monomer content (in %) was: 0.02125±0.00018 (control-group), 0.01660±0.00016 (EXP-1group),0.01676±0.00033 (EXP-2group). The ANOVA showed significant difference of monomer content among the groups(p&lt;0.05). The LSD showed significant difference between EXP-1 and control-groups; also between EXP-2 and controlgroups (p&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between EXP-1 and EXP-2 groups (p&gt;0.05). In conclusion, a resinmatrix system based on HDDMA–MMA (EXP-1 and EXP-2 groups) revealed significant difference of residualmonomer content to bis-GMA–MMA (control-group) system. The HDDMA-MMA matrix system had less residualmonomer content than bis-GMA-MMA

The Influence of Cu Concentration on Cu-zeolite to Antibacterial Power in Streptococcus Mutans

Microorganisms on the mouth can cause disease on hard and soft muscular of the mouth. One of the microorganisms is a bacteria S. mutans which become etiology of dental caries. The copper (Cu) is one of chemical agents to control microorganism growth. The copper could be combined with zeolite as antibacterial materials. This study aimed to known the affect Cu concentration on Cu-Natural zeolite to antibacterial power of S. mutans. The study was conducted by making five groups of Cu-Zeolite are 0,05M, 0,1M, 0,15M, 0,2M, and 0,25M. 100 mesh zeolite powder was activated at temperature 200 oC during one hours. CuCl2 solution with concentration of 0,05 M until 0,25 M are made each with volume of 80 mL. Cu-zeolite made by reacting 2 gram of zeolite powder with 80 ml of CuCl2 solution for one hours at temperature of 100 oC, then filtered, washed, and dried on the oven at 100 oC during 24 hours. S. mutans bacterial (0,1 mL x 108 CFU/mL) were grown in solid media MHA, then Cu Zeolite (30 mg) was included on pitting at gel media an incubated for 24 hours at temperature 37 oC (n=5). Transulent zone diameter was measured with digital slide-term (0.01 mm). The data were analyzed by anava one stripe and HSH with level signification of 0,05. The result showed an average of translucent zones was 0 mm (0,05 M gropus), 16,03 + 0,47 mm (0,10M), 16,45 + 0,91 mm (0,15M), 18,08 + 0,39 mm (0,20M), and 18,26 + 0,68 mm (0,25M). Anava test showed Cu concentration on 0,10 M up to 0,25 M of Cu Natural zeolite was significantly effect on translucent zones of S. mutans (p&lt; 0,01). The result of HSD showed a significantly difference among all gropus, except on 0,01 M and O,15 M, and 0,20 m and 0,25 m (p&gt;0,05). Conclusion of this study is Cu concentration in Cu-natural zeolite has affected antibacterial power of S. mutans. 0,01 M of Cuconcentration in Cu-natural zeolite has an antibacterial power to S. mutans and highest antibacterial power was on concentration groups of 0,20M

Impregnation of various fiber tapes toward mechanical properties of dental fiber-reinforced composites

Synthetic dental fiber tape for fiber reinforcement (FRC) restoration is relatively costly and its availability is still limited in Indonesia, so natural dental fibers have been used as an alternative material. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of impregnation of various fiber tape toward the flexural strength and hardness of FRC. The materials used were natural Bombyx mori silk fibers (Indonesia), dental polyethylene tape (Construct Kerr, USA), dental Quartz tape (Quartz Splint UD, France), dental E-glass tape (Everstick TM, GC, Japan), silane coupling agent (Ultradent, Jordan), and composite resin (Denfil-Flow, USA). Five groups of samples consisted of FRC with various fiber tapes were prepared: unidirectional-silk, braided-silk, quartz, polyethylene, and E-glass. The five groups of FRC were tested to determine the flexural strength and hardness. The results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA, followed by LSD test. The results showed that the highest flexural strength was in the quartz group (496.84 ± 109.14 MPa), while the lowest was in the braided-silk group (139.39 ± 4.30 MPa). The highest hardness property was in the unidirectional-silk group (141.29 ± 25.17 VHN), while the lowest was in the braided-silk group (139.39 ± 4.30 VHN). The ANOVA showed that various fiber tapes significantly influenced the flexural strength and hardness of FRC (p < 0.05). The LSD showed that the unidirectional-silk, braided-silk, and polyethylene groups demonstrated no significant difference. The LSD for hardness showed that the unidirectional-silk group had a significant difference with the other groups (p < 0.05). It can be concluded that various fiber tapes influenced the flexural strength and hardness of FRC. Natural silk fibers showed comparable flexural strength and hardness with the other fiber tapes

Efek Samping Lama Aplikasi dari Bleaching Agent Hidrogen Peroksida 40% Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Resin Komposit Tipe Nanofill

Bleaching is a dental treatment chemically on the vital and non vital teeth undergoing discoloration. One technique is in office bleaching. Application of bleaching agent is not only touching the healthy tooth tissue, but also potentially touched restorative nanofill dental composite resins. Materials research is resin composite nanofil (Filtek Z350, 3 m, USA) and the bleaching agent 40% hydrogen peroxide (Opalescense Boost, USA). Disc-shaped sample (diameter 10 mm, thickness 2 mm) as many as 12 samples and divided into 3 groups each sample 4. The samples applied with bleaching agent 40% hydrogen peroxide at room temperatures (25 C) and contact time: 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes. Surface roughness was measured before and after application of bleaching. Surface roughness was measured before and after application of bleaching. Statistical analysis using a one way ANOVA and LSD 0,05. The results showed the average delta composite resin nanofil roughness with time sequential contacts 30, 45 and 60 minutes is 0,040 0,016 µm ± 0,045 µm ± 0.025, and 0.025 &nbsp;± 0.125 µm. ANOVA test showed that there is a sinificant influence of variation of long application of hydrogen peroxide 40% against a nanofill composite resin surface roughness (p&lt; 0.05). Test LSD indicates there is a significant difference between the delta’s average surface roughness on all groups, except the group of 30 and 45 minutes. Conclusion this research is a variation time contacts of 40% hydrogen peroxide application increases the surface roughness of a composite resin nanofil

Pengaruh pH Saliva terhadap Kelarutan Ion Aluminium Pada Resin Komposit Nanohybrid

Nanohybrid composite resin is a type of composite resin restorative material containing micro-sized filler particles incorporated with nanoparticles. Composite resin restoration in the oral cavity can release its filler particles, one of them is aluminum ion. The pH of saliva is varied. This research aimed to determine the influence of salivary pH on aluminum ion solubility of nanohybrid composite resin. The materials used were nanohybrid composite resin Tetric Evoceram (Ivoclar Vivadent, Austria) and artificial saliva with pH of 5.6, 6.7, and 8.0. Twelve disc-shaped composite resin samples sized 5 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick were made. Samples were polymerized using light curing unit for 20 seconds. Composite resin samples were divided into three pH groups (n=4) and then each sample was soaked in 10 mL artificial saliva inside of polyethylene bottle. The immersion was done in the incubator for 14 days at 37ºC. The concentration of aluminum ion in artificial saliva solutions subsequently was calculated using AAS. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA (a=0,05). The mean concentration of aluminum ion released into saliva with pH 5.6, 6.7, and 8.0 were 0.538 ± 0.996 ppm, 0.431 ± 0.981 ppm, and 0.350 ± 0.071 ppm respectively. The result of One-way ANOVA showed a significant influence of salivary pH variation to the solubility of aluminum ion on nanohybrid composite resin (p&lt;0,05). LSD test showed a significant difference only between saliva pH 5,6 and 8,0. The conclusion of this research was that low salivary pH increased the solubility of aluminum ion on nanohybrid resin composite in saliva

EFEK KOMPOSISI PARAFIN DAN MALAM LEBAH TERHADAP EKSPANSI TERMAL LINIER MALAM MODEL: EFFECT PARAFFIN AND BEESWAX RATIO TO LINEAR EXPANSION OF MODELLING WAX

Modelling wax is a pattern wax for complete denture fabrication. It consists of various waxes and other components. Thecomposition influenced the physical properties of modelling wax. The objective of this study was to examine the effect ofparaffn to beeswax ratio on the linear thermal expansion (LTE) of modelling wax. The modelling waxes consist of paraffin (Pertamina, Kalimantan), beeswax (SEA, Yogyakarta), carnauba wax (PT Bratachem, Indonesia), and dammar(Kalimantan). Five compositions of waxes were made with different paraffin to beeswax ratio (paraffin: beeswax: carnauba wax: dammar in % weight): K1 = 70:20:4:6, K2 = 72.5:17,5:4:6, K3 = 75:15:4:6, K4 = 77.5:12.5:4:6, and K5 =80:10:4:6. Six specimens (305 x 22.2 x 14.3 mm) were made of each composition. The specimens were immersed inbathing water at 25°C and 40°C for 20 minutes, and the specimen length was measured by travelling microscope aftereach immersion. The percentage of the LTE was measured. Data were analyzed by one-way Anova and LSD0.05. Theresults showed that the LTE of modelling waxes was between 0.27 + 0.02 % (70:20 ratio) and 0.73 + 0.06 % (80:10ratio). The Paraffin to beeswax ratio influenced the LTE of modelling waxes and showed the significant differencesbetween all compositions (p&lt;0.5). As conclusion, the paraffin to beeswax ratio influenced the linear thermal expansion ofmodelling wax

Pengaruh Konsentrasi Suspensi Cu-zeolit Alam Aktif dalam Akuades terhadap Daya Antimikroba pada Candida albicans

Activated Cu-natural zeolite is an antimicrobial agent (fungicide) combination of copper and carrier agent activated natural zeolite. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of concentration of activated Cunatural zeolitesuspension in aquadest on antimicrobial activity in C albicans. Materials used were natural zeolite (Wonosari), 2 M HCl solution, CuCl2.2H O powder (Merck, Germany), cultured C. albicans, and Sabouraud agar (Merck, Germany). Natural zeolite (50 g) was activated with500 mL 2 M HCl (1 hour/100o C). Activated natural zeolite was reacted with 250 mL 0.2 M CuCl2 (1 hour/100 C). Cu-natural zeolite suspension in aquadest were divided to 3 groups (9 mg/mL, 18 mg/mL, and 36 mg/mL) (n=4). The suspensionwas contacted with C. albicans(120 minutes), diluted, grown on Sabouraud agar, then incubated (48 hours/37oC). The colonies was countedin CFU/mL. Data were analyzed with one way ANOVA test (a = 0,05)&nbsp; and LSD The mean and standard deviation were 36.800 &nbsp;6.453 (9 mg/mL), 31.675&nbsp; 6.445 (18 mg/mL), and 22.375 &nbsp;3.025 (36 mg/mL) (CFU/mL). The result of one way ANOVA test showed that there is influence of the concentration of the suspension to antimicrobial activity in C. albicans (p&lt;0,05). The result of LSD0,05 test showed significant differences between the concentration 36 mg/mL with 9 mg/mL and 18 mg/mL (p&lt;0,05). High concentration of activated Cu-natural zeolite could increase its antimicrobial activity against C. albicans