MONITORING OF ANTITHROMBOTICS’ADVERSE EFFECT ON UNSTABLE ANGINA PECTORIS PATIENTS IN A PUBLIC HOSPITAL OF YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA

Patients with unstable angina pectoris are at risk of death or recurrent ischemic events, despite receiving aspirin and heparin. The benefit from using aspirin in high‐risk vascular disease patients comes at the cost of increased gastrointestinal complications. The complications include gastroduodenum ulcerations, dyspepsia, esophagitis and ulcerations in the stomach and duodenum. This research investigated the monitoring of antithrombotics adverse effect in a public hospital of Yogyakarta during January 2006‐December 2007. This research used patients’medical records as patients’database in adverse drug effect monitoring. The populations were all unstable angina inpatients in a public hospital of Yogyakarta January 2006 to December 2007. We identified that the adverse effects’ monitoring has been done well. The monitoring has been done to the gastrointestinal distrubance (100%), bleeding risk (30%), thrombocytopenia (35%) and renal dysfunction (20%). There were 35% patients experienced antithrombotics’adverse effects, such as bleeding, thrombocytopenia and renal dysfunction. Clinical manifestation of dual antithrombotic therapy was experienced by 10% patients

Polymorphisms of organic cation transporter 1 and the drugs response

Polymorphisms of proteins which have an important role in drug transport, metabolism, and disposition in the bodycould affect the drugs efficacy and toxicity. The organic cation transporter 1 (OCT1), encoded by SLC22A1 gene,has been known as one of the polyspecific protein transporters which could affect some of the cationic drugresponse such as metformin, levodopa and imatinib. However, the findings of many studies an association of OCT1polymorphisms and drug response both in Caucasian and Asian were still inconsistent. Moreover, this study’s topicin Asians was still uncommon. This review was aimed to explore the polymorphisms of OCT 1 in Asians and Caucasiansand to find the challenges of the next studies in Asians. The articles about OCT1 polymorphisms were searched inthe PubMed with the keywords; OCT1 or SLC22A1, polymorphisms. There were ten articles of OCT1 polymorphismswhich are related to the drug response and most of the studies were performed in Caucasian subjects. In Caucasians,the rs622342 variant might associated with the response of metformin and levodopa. Moreover, the R61C and420del variants still showed the inconsistent findings associated with metformin response. The non-synonymousvariants which were found in Caucasians were not found in Asian. However, the new non-synonymous variantswere found in Japanese, Chinese, Indian and Korean population and some of them were associated with the metforminresponse. The recent findings found in Caucasians cancer patients, were related to the association of non-synonymousvariants haplotype and the 5-Hydroxytriptamine Receptor Antagonists drug response. The inconsistent results ofOCT1 polymorphisms studies could be related to the study’s sample size and design of the studies. Further studieswhich exploring the association of OCT1 polymorphisms and drug pharmacokinetic profiles and/or drug response,which were adjusted by genetic variants of proteins involved in drug tansport, metabolism and disposition are stillneeded in both Caucasians and Asians. Additional large studies also considering non-genetic risk factors are warranted,to implement the results of the various studies into clinical practice.Key words: OCT1- polymorphisms – Asians – Caucasians - drug respons

Assesment of Antibiotic Utilization on Pediatric Patients with Upper Respiratory Tract Infection at Public Health Centers, Gunung Kidul Period of January-June 2000

Abstract The study about the use of antibiotics on paediatric patients with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) has been carried out at Public Health Centres (PHC), Gunung Kidul during January - June 2007. This research was aimed to know the use of antibiotics on paediatric patients and the antibiotics rationality, which held in Public Health Centres Gunung Kidul Yogyakarta. The study was a descriptive study with retrospective data collecting. We used all outpatient prescriptions of paediatric (2-12 years old) patients who diagnosed as URTI. The antibitotics rationality was analyzed based on the analysis of right indication, type of drug, patient, and dosage. We found 1008 persicription in paediatrics with URTI at four Public Health Centres at the rural area of Gunung Kidul. Amoxycillin was the most prescribed antibiotic in the URTI (mean = 41.8%). Common cold was the most URTI experienced by paediatric patients. The average of rationality among four PHC was 30.3%. The. used of antibiotics in children with URTI in Gunung Kidul was high, but the rationality of the antibiotics used is still need to be evaluated, principally with the right indication of antibiotic Key word : Antibiotic, Paediatric, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection, Public Health Centre

POTENSI PERAN FARMASIS DALAM MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS HIDUP PASIEN LANJUT USIA: PERSPEKTIF RAWAT RUMAH

The Home Health Care program is getting popular as well. One of the outcomemeasured in this program is patient’s quality of life. Home Health Care program is amultidisciplin program, which need the pharmacist role. The aim of this study was tofind out the potencial pharmacist role in increasing elderly patients’quality of lifeparticipated in Home Health Care program. This study used descriptive design withprospective data sampling. (World Health Organization Quality of Life) We usedWHOQoL as the instrument. The study period was conducted for 13 week in 2009 byvisiting the patients at their homes. The patients were participated in Home HealthCare program of Dr Sardjito hospital, Yogyakarta. Data was descriptively analized.We're recruited seven subjects in this study. In average, their quality of life was low(46,1±4,4). All of the patients received polypharmacy and were found the patientsincompliance in taking the medicines. The role of pharmacist were important in HomeHealth Care program for elderly patients to increase their quality of life. Thepharmacists are supposed to do the drug used monitoring, especially to the elderlypatients with polypharmacy. The advance technique for communication, information,and education is suggested to the pharmacist in this program