Intestinal malrotation in children

Pediatric Surgery, Orthopedics and Anesthesiology Department, Nicolae Testemitanu State University of Medicine and Pharmacy of the Republic of MoldovaIntroduction. Surgery of congenital intestinal (duodenum) malrotation in children exists for almost 50 years, but only this decade it has been correctly codified as regards the intercurrent diagnoses, this possibility being strictly related to modern paraclinical assessment: ultrasounds, computed tomography scan, and other surgical technical possibilities. Aim of the study. Estimating clinical and paraclinical features of both medical and surgical treatment peculiarities in intestinal malrotation in children. Materials and methods. The paper was carried out in the clinic of the National Scientific and Practical Pediatric Surgery Centre N. Gheorghiu. The study includes the analysis of clinical and anamnestic data, prenatal and postnatal development data, environmental conditions, paraclinical tests, medical and surgical treatment in children with congenital malformations of small intestine, namely of duodenum. Results. Following the surgical treatment, under endotracheal anesthesia, it has been managed to perform the adhesiolisys based on bont method and electrocoagulation. Evolution was simple. After the surgery, these children followed a conservative treatment. Having a good general condition, with primary cicatrisation of wound, children have been discharged. Conclusions. Presently, developing new criteria for congenital malrotation diagnosis remains an insufficiently studied issue in the pediatric surgery. Prenatal diagnosis in these duodenal malformative types has improved a lot of patients’ forecasts. Management of surgical congenital disorders in children shows that currently duodenum anomalies in children continue to increase, due to little studied causes, with related complications that worsen both disease evolution and forecasts. Intestinal (duodenum) malrotation is a congenital anomaly due to disorder of rotation and fixing of duodenum, which interconnects the disorder of evacuomotor function of the duodenum and duodenostasis. The diagnostic algorithm of intestinal malrotation includes consecutive clinical manifestations, biological features, fibrogastroduodenoscopy, pH measurement, traditional lower gastrointestinal series and double-contrast barium enema, and three-dimensional duodenography by CT, peripheral ECEG. Studies show that surgical treatment techniques in intestinal malrotation continue to be developed. The surgical treatment is adapted depending on the form of malformation, clinical and evolutional stage of related complications

Swelling of PDMS Networks in Solvent Vapours; Applications for Passive RFID Wireless Sensors

The relative degree of swelling of a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) network in organic vapours is demonstrated to be related to the chemical and physical properties of the organic compounds. The swelling ratio, based on volume change, QV, is directly correlated with the Hansen solubility parameters, dd, dp and dh and the vapour pressures of the organic vapours employed. A practical use for such PDMS networks in combination with an understanding of the relationship is demonstrated by the use of PDMS as a mechanical actuator in a prototype wireless RFID passive sensor. The swelling of the PDMS displaces a feed loop resulting in an increase in transmitted power, at a fixed distance

High Performance and Flexible Supercapacitors based on Carbonized Bamboo Fibers for Wide Temperature Applications

High performance carbonized bamboo fibers were synthesized for a wide range of temperature dependent energy storage applications. The structural and electrochemical properties of the carbonized bamboo fibers were studied for flexible supercapacitor applications. The galvanostatic charge-discharge studies on carbonized fibers exhibited specific capacity of similar to 510F/g at 0.4 A/g with energy density of 54 Wh/kg. Interestingly, the carbonized bamboo fibers displayed excellent charge storage stability without any appreciable degradation in charge storage capacity over 5,000 charge-discharge cycles. The symmetrical supercapacitor device fabricated using these carbonized bamboo fibers exhibited an areal capacitance of similar to 1.55 F/cm(2) at room temperature. In addition to high charge storage capacity and cyclic stability, the device showed excellent flexibility without any degradation to charge storage capacity on bending the electrode. The performance of the supercapacitor device exhibited similar to 65% improvement at 70 degrees C compare to that at 10 degrees C. Our studies suggest that carbonized bamboo fibers are promising candidates for stable, high performance and flexible supercapacitor devices

In quest of a systematic framework for unifying and defining nanoscience

This article proposes a systematic framework for unifying and defining nanoscience based on historic first principles and step logic that led to a “central paradigm” (i.e., unifying framework) for traditional elemental/small-molecule chemistry. As such, a Nanomaterials classification roadmap is proposed, which divides all nanomatter into Category I: discrete, well-defined and Category II: statistical, undefined nanoparticles. We consider only Category I, well-defined nanoparticles which are >90% monodisperse as a function of Critical Nanoscale Design Parameters (CNDPs) defined according to: (a) size, (b) shape, (c) surface chemistry, (d) flexibility, and (e) elemental composition. Classified as either hard (H) (i.e., inorganic-based) or soft (S) (i.e., organic-based) categories, these nanoparticles were found to manifest pervasive atom mimicry features that included: (1) a dominance of zero-dimensional (0D) core–shell nanoarchitectures, (2) the ability to self-assemble or chemically bond as discrete, quantized nanounits, and (3) exhibited well-defined nanoscale valencies and stoichiometries reminiscent of atom-based elements. These discrete nanoparticle categories are referred to as hard or soft particle nanoelements. Many examples describing chemical bonding/assembly of these nanoelements have been reported in the literature. We refer to these hard:hard (H-n:H-n), soft:soft (S-n:S-n), or hard:soft (H-n:S-n) nanoelement combinations as nanocompounds. Due to their quantized features, many nanoelement and nanocompound categories are reported to exhibit well-defined nanoperiodic property patterns. These periodic property patterns are dependent on their quantized nanofeatures (CNDPs) and dramatically influence intrinsic physicochemical properties (i.e., melting points, reactivity/self-assembly, sterics, and nanoencapsulation), as well as important functional/performance properties (i.e., magnetic, photonic, electronic, and toxicologic properties). We propose this perspective as a modest first step toward more clearly defining synthetic nanochemistry as well as providing a systematic framework for unifying nanoscience. With further progress, one should anticipate the evolution of future nanoperiodic table(s) suitable for predicting important risk/benefit boundaries in the field of nanoscience