L’action collective pensée par Hannah Arendt : comprendre l’agir ensemble pour le favoriser

Les organisateurs communautaires ont besoin de connaitre et de comprendre les fondements de l’action collective afin de savoir comment intervenir pour en favoriser l’exercice, afin également de réfléchir au sens de leur pratique. Le recours à la philosophie politique s’impose. Les concepts développés par Hannah Arendt pour définir l’exercice du politique sont à cet égard d’une grande richesse et peuvent servir de repères à l’intervenant pour soutenir le processus d’action collective. Chacun de ces concepts sera présenté pour ensuite examiner brièvement la façon dont ils peuvent être transposés à l’intervention ainsi que le rôle joué par l’intervenant.Community organizers need to know and understand what the bases for collective action are, in order to recognize how their intervention can help making it occur, as well as to give thought to the meaning of their practice. The guidance of political philosophy is essential. Concepts developed by Hannah Arendt in defining the political experience are to that matter containing treasures and may be used by the practitioner as milestones for him/her to support the collective action process. Following a presentation of each of these concepts, they are briefly looked at to explore in which ways they can be transposed to the practice

Le Centre de femmes du Témiscamingue : un acteur majeur dans le développement local

Le Centre de femmes du Témiscamingue est devenu un acteur majeur dans le développement local malgré les difficultés qui limitent généralement la présence des femmes aux instances décisionnelles. L’analyse de cette expérience exceptionnelle permet de comprendre les conditions favorisant un tel engagement, conditions liées à la dynamique témiscamienne, à la façon dont le Centre de femmes conçoit sa mission et définit le développement, ainsi qu’au caractère de la présence du Centre de femmes sur la scène locale : représentations externes, participation aux initiatives de développement, crédibilité des déléguées, souci d’élargir l’espace démocratique.The Témiscamingue Women’s Center (Centre des femmes du Témiscamingue) has become a major player in local development, despite the difficulties that usually limit the involvement of women in decision centres. Analysing this exceptional experience helps understand the factors underlying such an involvement, and those factors are related to the Témiscamingue dynamics, to how the Women’s Centre views its mission and defines development, and, finally, to how the Centre is involved in the community through external representation, participation in development initiatives, delegates’ credibility, and desire to broaden the democratic arena

Weight‐Related Differences in Salience, Default Mode, and Executive Function Network Connectivity in Adolescents

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156135/2/oby22853.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/156135/1/oby22853_am.pd

Bringing Molecular Tools into Environmental Resource Management: Untangling the Molecules to Policy Pathway

New advances in molecular biology can be invaluable tools in resource management, but they are best incorporated through a collaborative process with managers who understand the most pressing questions, practical limitations, and political constraints

Pedigree analysis of 220 almond genotypes reveals two world mainstream breeding lines based on only three different cultivars

Loss of genetic variability is an increasing challenge in tree breeding programs due to the repeated use of a reduced number of founder genotypes. However, in almond, little is known about the genetic variability in current breeding stocks, although several cases of inbreeding depression have been reported. To gain insights into the genetic structure in modern breeding programs worldwide, marker-verified pedigree data of 220 almond cultivars and breeding selections were analyzed. Inbreeding coefficients, pairwise relatedness, and genetic contribution were calculated for these genotypes. The results reveal two mainstream breeding lines based on three cultivars: “Tuono”, “Cristomorto”, and “Nonpareil”. Descendants from “Tuono” or “Cristomorto” number 76 (sharing 34 descendants), while “Nonpareil” has 71 descendants. The mean inbreeding coefficient of the analyzed genotypes was 0.041, with 14 genotypes presenting a high inbreeding coefficient, over 0.250. Breeding programs from France, the USA, and Spain showed inbreeding coefficients of 0.075, 0.070, and 0.037, respectively. According to their genetic contribution, modern cultivars from Israel, France, the USA, Spain, and Australia trace back to a maximum of six main founding genotypes. Among the group of 65 genotypes carrying the Sf allele for self-compatibility, the mean relatedness coefficient was 0.125, with “Tuono” as the main founding genotype (24.7% of total genetic contribution). The results broaden our understanding about the tendencies followed in almond breeding over the last 50 years and will have a large impact into breeding decision-making process worldwide. Increasing current genetic variability is required in almond breeding programs to assure genetic gain and continuing breeding progress.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Transposons played a major role in the diversification between the closely related almond and peach genomes: Results from the almond genome sequence

We sequenced the genome of the highly heterozygous almond Prunus dulcis cv. Texas combining short and long‐read sequencing. We obtained a genome assembly totaling 227.6 Mb of the estimated 238 Mb almond genome size, of which 91% is anchored to eight pseudomolecules corresponding to its haploid chromosome complement, and annotated 27,969 protein‐coding genes and 6,747 non‐coding transcripts. By phylogenomic comparison with the genomes of 16 additional close and distant species we estimated that almond and peach (P. persica) diverged around 5.88 Mya. These two genomes are highly syntenic and show a high degree of sequence conservation (20 nucleotide substitutions/kb). However, they also exhibit a high number of presence/absence variants, many attributable to the movement of transposable elements (TEs). TEs have generated an important number of presence/absence variants between almond and peach, and we show that the recent history of TE movement seems markedly different between them. TEs may also be at the origin of important phenotypic differences between both species, and in particular, for the sweet kernel phenotype, a key agronomic and domestication character for almond. Here we show that in sweet almond cultivars, highly methylated TE insertions surround a gene involved in the biosynthesis of amygdalin, whose reduced expression has been correlated with the sweet almond phenotype. Altogether, our results suggest a key role of TEs in the recent history and diversification of almond and its close relative peach.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Are attitudes towards medication adherence associated with medication adherence behaviours among patients with psychosis? A systematic review and meta analysis

Background Studies have shown patient attitudes to be an important predictor for health related behaviours including medication adherence. It is less clear whether patient attitudes are also associated with medication adherence among patients with psychoses. Method We conducted a systematic review and meta analysis of the data of studies that tested the association of attitude measures with medication adherence among patients with psychoses. 14 studies conducted between 1980 and 2010 were included. Results Results show a small to moderate mean weighted effect size (r + = 0.25 and 0.26 for Pearson and Spearman correlations, respectively). Conclusions Theory based interventions that target potentially modifiable attitude components are needed to assess the relationship between positive patient attitudes and adherence behaviours among patients with psychoses

Environmental Exposure and Leptospirosis, Peru

Human infection by leptospires has highly variable clinical manifestations, which range from subclinical infection to fulminant disease. We conducted a population-based, cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study in Peru to determine potential relationships of environmental context to human exposure to Leptospira and disease associated with seroconversion. Three areas were studied: a flooded, urban slum in the Peruvian Amazon city of Iquitos; rural, peri-Iquitos villages; and a desert shantytown near Lima. Seroprevalence in Belen was 28% (182/650); in rural areas, 17% (52/316); and in a desert shantytown, 0.7% (1/150). Leptospira-infected peridomestic rats were found in all locales. In Belen, 20 (12.4%) of 161 patients seroconverted between dry and wet seasons (an incidence rate of 288/1,000). Seroconversion was associated with history of febrile illness; severe leptospirosis was not seen. Human exposure to Leptospira in the Iquitos region is high, likely related both to the ubiquity of leptospires in the environment and human behavior conducive to transmission from infected zoonotic sources

Computer Therapy for the Anxiety and Depressive Disorders Is Effective, Acceptable and Practical Health Care: A Meta-Analysis

Background: Depression and anxiety disorders are common and treatable with cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), but access to this therapy is limited. Objective: Review evidence that computerized CBT for the anxiety and depressive disorders is acceptable to patients and effective in the short and longer term. Method: Systematic reviews and data bases were searched for randomized controlled trials of computerized cognitive behavior therapy versus a treatment or control condition in people who met diagnostic criteria for major depression, panic disorder, social phobia or generalized anxiety disorder. Number randomized, superiority of treatment versus control (Hedges g) on primary outcome measure, risk of bias, length of follow up, patient adherence and satisfaction were extracted. Principal Findings: 22 studies of comparisons with a control group were identified. The mean effect size superiority was 0.88 (NNT 2.13), and the benefit was evident across all four disorders. Improvement from computerized CBT was maintained for a median of 26 weeks follow-up. Acceptability, as indicated by adherence and satisfaction, was good. Research probity was good and bias risk low. Effect sizes were non-significantly higher in comparisons with waitlist than with active treatment control conditions. Five studies comparing computerized CBT with traditional face-to-face CBT were identified, and both modes of treatment appeared equally beneficial. Conclusions: Computerized CBT for anxiety and depressive disorders, especially via the internet, has the capacity to provide effective acceptable and practical health care for those who might otherwise remain untreated.10 page(s