Power and persuasion: processes by which perceived power can influence evaluative judgments

This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. Please do not copy or cite without author's permission. The final article is available, upon publication, at: http://doi.org/10.1037/gpr0000119The present review focuses on how power—as a perception regarding the self, the source of the message, or the message itself—affects persuasion. Contemporary findings suggest that perceived power can increase or decrease persuasion depending on the circumstances and thus might result in both short-term and long-term consequences for behavior. Given that perceptions of power can produce different, and even opposite, effects on persuasion, it might seem that any relationship is possible and thus prediction is elusive or impossible. In contrast, the present review provides a unified perspective to understand and organize the psychological literature on the relationship between perceived power and persuasion. To accomplish this objective, present review identifies distinct mechanisms by which perceptions of power can influence persuasion and discusses when these mechanisms are likely to operate. In doing so, this article provides a structured approach for studying power and persuasion via antecedents, consequences, underlying psychological processes, and moderators. Finally, the article also discusses how power can affect evaluative judgments more broadl

Nuclear Saturation with in-Medium Meson Exchange Interactions

We show that the assumption of dropping meson masses together with conventional many-body effects, implemented in the relativistic Dirac-Brueckner formalism, explains nuclear saturation. We use a microscopic model for correlated $2\pi$ exchange and include the standard many-body effects on the in-medium pion propagation, which initially increase the attractive nucleon-nucleon ($NN$) potential with density. For the vector meson exchanges in both the $\pi\pi$ and $NN$ sector, we assume Brown-Rho scaling which---in concert with `chiral' $\pi\pi$ contact interactions---reduces the attraction at higher densities.Comment: 5 pages REVTeX, 2 eps-figures included, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let

Management-intensive grazing impacts on total \u3ci\u3eEscherichia coli, E. coli\u3c/i\u3e O157: H7, and antibiotic resistance genes in a riparian stream

The impacts of management-intensive grazing (MIG) of cattle on concentrations of total Escherichia coli, total suspended solids (TSS), and nitrate-nitrite nitrogen (NO3+NO2-N), and occurrence of E. coli O157:H7 and selected antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in stream water and/or sediments were evaluated. Cattle were grazed for twoweek periods in May in each of three years. Overall, grazing increased total E. coli in downstream water by 0.89 log10 MPN/100 mL (p \u3c 0.0001), and downstream total E. coli concentrations were higher than upstream over all sampling intervals. Downstream TSS levels also increased (p ≤ 0.0294) during grazing. In contrast, there was a main effect of treatment for downstream NO3 + NO2-N to be lower than upstream (3.59 versus 3.70 mg/L; p = 0.0323). Overwintering mallard ducks increased total E. coli and TSS concentrations in January and February (p \u3c 0.05). For precipitation events during the 24 h before sampling, each increase of 1.00 cm of rainfall increased total E. coli by 0.49 log10 MPN/100 mL (p=0.0005). In contrast, there was no association of previous 24 h precipitation volume on TSS (p=0.1540), and there was a negative linear effect on NO3+NO2-N (p=0.0002). E. coli O157: H7 prevalence was low, but the pathogen was detected downstream up to 2½ months after grazing. Examination of ARGs sul1, ermB, blactx-m-32, and intI1 identified the need for additional research to understand the impact of grazing on the ecology of these resistance determinants in pasture-based cattle production. While E. coli remained higher in downstream water compared to upstream, MIG may reduce the magnitude of the downstream E. coli concentrations. Likewise, the MIG strategy may prevent large increases in TSS and NO3+NO2-N concentrations during heavy rain events. Results indicate that MIG can limit the negative effects of cattle grazing on stream water quality

Medium Modification of The Pion-Pion Interaction at Finite Density

We discuss medium modifications of the unitarized pion-pion interaction in the nuclear medium. We incorporate both the effects of chiral symmetry restoration and the influence of collective nuclear pionic modes originating from the p-wave coupling of the pion to delta-hole configurations. We show in particular that the dropping of the sigma meson mass significantly enhances the low energy structure created by the in-medium collective pionic modes.Comment: 26 pages, 7 figures included, Latex fil

Pseudovector vs. pseudoscalar coupling in one-boson exchange NN potentials

We examine the effects of pseudoscalar and pseudovector coupling of the pi and eta mesons in one-boson exchange models of the NN interaction using two approaches: time-ordered perturbation theory unitarized with the relativistic Lippmann-Schwinger equation, and a reduced Bethe-Salpeter equation approach using the Thompson equation. Contact terms in the one-boson exchange amplitudes in time-ordered perturbation theory lead naturally to the introduction of s-channel nucleonic cutoffs for the interaction, which strongly suppresses the far off-shell behavior of the amplitudes in both approaches. Differences between the resulting NN predictions of the various models are found to be small, and particularly so when coupling constants of the other mesons are readjusted within reasonable limits.Comment: 24 pages, 4 figure

Effective Field Theory for Bulk Properties of Nuclei

Recent progress in Lorentz-covariant quantum field theories of the nuclear many-body problem ({\em quantum hadrodynamics}, or QHD) is discussed. The importance of modern perspectives in effective field theory and density functional theory for understanding the successes of QHD is emphasized. The inclusion of hadronic electromagnetic structure and of nonanalytic terms in the energy functional is also considered.Comment: 11 pages, 0 figures, REVTeX 3.0; Invited talk at the 11th Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories (MB 11), Manchester, UK, July 9--13, 200

Enhancement of πA→ππA\pi A \to \pi\pi A Threshold Cross Sections by In-Medium ππ\pi\pi Final State Interactions

We address the problem of pion production in low energy $\pi$-nucleus collisions. For the production mechanism we assume a simple model consisting of a coherent sum of single pion exchange and the excitation---followed by the decay into two pions and a nucleon---of the $N^*(1440)$ resonance. The production amplitude is modified by the final state interaction between the pions calculated using the chirally improved J\"ulich meson exchange model including the polarization of the nuclear medium by the pions. The model reproduces well the experimentally observed $\pi A \to \pi\pi A$ cross sections, especially the enhancement with increasing $A$ of the $\pi^+\pi^-$ mass distribution in the threshold region.Comment: 5 pages RevTeX, 3-eps figure

Quark Potential in a Quark-Meson Plasma

We investigate quark potential by considering meson exchanges in the two flavor Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model at finite temperature and density. There are two kinds of oscillations in the chiral restoration phase, one is the Friedel oscillation due to the sharp quark Fermi surface at high density, and the other is the Yukawa oscillation driven by the complex meson poles at high temperature. The quark-meson plasma is strongly coupled in the temperature region $1\le T/T_c \lesssim 3$ with $T_c$ being the critical temperature of chiral phase transition. The maximum coupling in this region is located at the critical point.Comment: 8 pages and 8 figure

What is the structure of the Roper resonance?

We investigate the structure of the nucleon resonance N^*(1440) (Roper) within a coupled-channel meson exchange model for pion-nucleon scattering. The coupling to pipiN states is realized effectively by the coupling to the sigmaN, piDelta and rhoN channels. The interaction within and between these channels is derived from an effective Lagrangian based on a chirally symmetric Lagrangian, which is supplemented by well known terms for the coupling of the Delta isobar, the omega meson and the 'sigma', which is the name given here to the strong correlation of two pions in the scalar-isoscalar channel. In this model the Roper resonance can be described by meson-baryon dynamics alone; no genuine N^*(1440) (3 quark) resonance is needed in order to fit piN phase shifts and inelasticities.Comment: 55 pages, 14 figure

The Return of The Prodigal Goldstone Boson

We propose that the mass of the $\eta^\prime$ meson is a particularly sensitive probe of the properties of finite energy density hadronic matter and quark gluon plasma. We argue that the mass of the $\eta^\prime$ excitation in hot and dense matter should be small, and therefore that the $\eta^\prime$ production cross section should be much increased relative to that for pp collisions. This may have observable consequences in dilepton and diphoton experiments.Comment: LaTeX, 15 pages; revised version to appear in Phys.Rev.