My American Uncle, America Cries Uncle, and Other Fantastic Tales from France: Iegor Gran\u27s Jeanne d\u27Arc fait tic-tac

Ella Shohat and Robert Stam\u27s proposal that beliefs about nations often crystallize in the form of stories could serve as both summary and generative matrix for Jeanne d\u27Arc fait tic-tac. In keeping with a number of recent fictional works united by the attempt to understand French and American cultures in a comparative context, the first part of Iegor Gran\u27s clever 2005 novel consists of eleven stories whose common focus on the danger represented by American culture for French national identity makes the second part of the novel, in which France declares war and invades the United States, almost inevitable. In the opening section of Jeanne d\u27Arc, Gran both rewrites the traditional folktale for a self-reflective postmodern age and revises and satirizes the conventions of fantastic literature. The primary comic strategy of the second half of the novel, constructed as a parody of the current American conflict in Iraq, pays homage to the most recent source of tension between the United States and France. Throughout the novel Gran caricatures French chauvinism and insularity as much as he mocks American arrogance and consumerism, and the metaphorical demise of the oncle d’Amérique,” the specifically French version of the American dream, continually reminds us of the sheer power and pleasure of narrative

Enmascarar y desenmascarar el(los) sujeto(s): "Puente de Alma" de Julián Ríos

Given the intricacy and critical inexhaustibility of Puente de Alma, this essay, despite the promise of its title, can necessarily explore only a limited number of the subjects and textual strategies at play in the text. Moreover, as we will see, the paths one chooses to follow into and through Ríos’s dense, labyrinthine, multilayered “tower of Babel” have as much, if not more, to do with the activity of the reader than with that of the writer.Dada la complejidad y la inexhaustabilidad crítica de Puente de Alma, este ensayo, a pesar de la promesa del título, puede explorar necesariamente solo una cantidad limitada de temas y estrategias textuales que forman parte del texto. Además, como veremos, los caminos, que se eligen seguir dentro y a través de la “torre de Babel” densa, laberíntica y de múltiples capas de Ríos, tienen tanto que ver, si no más, con la actividad del lector como con la del escritor

Enmascarar y desenmascarar el(los) sujeto(s): "Puente de Alma" de Julián Ríos

Given the intricacy and critical inexhaustibility of Puente de Alma, this essay, despite the promise of its title, can necessarily explore only a limited number of the subjects and textual strategies at play in the text. Moreover, as we will see, the paths one chooses to follow into and through Ríos’s dense, labyrinthine, multilayered “tower of Babel” have as much, if not more, to do with the activity of the reader than with that of the writer.Dada la complejidad y la inexhaustabilidad crítica de Puente de Alma, este ensayo, a pesar de la promesa del título, puede explorar necesariamente solo una cantidad limitada de temas y estrategias textuales que forman parte del texto. Además, como veremos, los caminos, que se eligen seguir dentro y a través de la “torre de Babel” densa, laberíntica y de múltiples capas de Ríos, tienen tanto que ver, si no más, con la actividad del lector como con la del escritor

T-Cell Infiltration and Adaptive Treg Resistance in Response to Androgen Deprivation With or Without Vaccination in Localized Prostate Cancer

Purpose: Previous studies suggest that androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) promotes antitumor immunity in prostate cancer. Whether a vaccine-based approach can augment this effect remains unknown. Experimental Design: Therefore, we conducted a neoadjuvant, randomized study to quantify the immunologic effects of a granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)-secreting allogeneic cellular vaccine in combination with low-dose cyclophosphamide (Cy/GVAX) followed by degarelix versus degarelix alone in patients with high-risk localized prostate adenocarcinoma who were planned for radical prostatectomy. Results: Both Cy/GVAX plus degarelix and degarelix alone led to significant increases in intratumoral CD8+ T cell infiltration and PD-L1 expression as compared to a cohort of untreated, matched controls. However, the CD8+ T cell infiltrate was accompanied by a proportional increase in regulatory T cells (Treg), suggesting that adaptive Treg resistance may dampen the immunogenicity of ADT. Although Cy/GVAX followed by degarelix was associated with a modest improvement in time-to-PSA progression and time-to-next treatment as well as an increase in PD-L1, there was no difference in the CD8 T-cell infiltrate as compared to degarelix alone. Gene expression profiling demonstrated that CHIT1, a macrophage marker, was differentially upregulated with Cy/GVAX plus degarelix compared to degarelix alone. Conclusions: Our results highlight that ADT with or without Cy/GVAX induces a complex immune response within the prostate tumor microenvironment. These data have important implications for combining ADT with immunotherapy. In particular, our finding that ADT increases both CD8+ T cells and Tregs, supports the development of regimens combining ADT with Treg-depleting agents in the treatment of prostate cancer

Film remakes, the black sheep of translation

Film remakes have often been neglected by translation studies in favour of other forms of audiovisual translation such as subtitling and dubbing. Yet, as this article will argue, remakes are also a form of cinematic translation. Beginning with a survey of previous, ambivalent approaches to the status of remakes, it proposes that remakes are multimodal, adaptive translations: they translate the many modes of the film being remade and offer a reworking of that source text. The multimodal nature of remakes is explored through a reading of Breathless, Jim McBride's 1983 remake of Jean-Luc Godard's À bout de souffle (1959), which shows how remade films may repeat the narrative of, but differ on multiple levels from, their source films. Due to the collaborative nature of film production, remakes involve multiple agents of translation. As such, remakes offer an expanded understanding of audiovisual translation

Optimal Adaptation in Fred Vargas\u27s and Régis Wargnier\u27s Pars Vite et Reviens Tard

Knowledge of both Fred Vargas\u27s Pars vite et reviens tard and Régis Wargnier\u27s adaptation not only adds to our appreciation of novel and film but also enriches our understanding of the process of adaptation itself in somewhat curious and unexpected ways. The success of Pars vite et reviens tard depends on the representation of place, both generally and specifically. Although the character of Chief Inspector Adamsberg, the hero of the two works, is often cited as the primary obstacle to adaptation, Wargnier turns Vargas\u27s introspective hero into an exemplary Parisian flâneur and Paris into the star of the film

Bridging the Gaps: the Construction of Paris in Luc Besson\u27s Angel-A (2005)

Luc Besson\u27s Angel-A (2005), whose seemingly incompatible characters, genres and intertextual allusions reach reconciliation only in and by virtue of the space in which they are contained, foregrounds an eclecticism characteristic of twenty-first-century French films set in Paris. Like the film\u27s heroes, Besson seeks to \u27make the most\u27 of Paris by turning the city into the film\u27s chief protagonist and the bridges of Paris, particularly the pont Alexandre III, into the film\u27s key signifiers of passage, suspension and connection. The sheer extravagance of Besson\u27s view of the city also provides the key to the film\u27s generic identity, which recalls the screwball comedies of the 1930s and early 1940s. The visual and structural importance of Paris in Angel-A further serves to figure the metaphorical bridge that Besson creates between his own work and a number of other films, both classical and contemporary. © 2011 Intellect Ltd

Modernism and Mystery, The Curious Case of the Lost Generation

Examines recent American mystery novels set in 1920s Paris within the context of the modernist movement, noting stylistic and thematic links between the modern and the mystery. Regards A Moveable Feast and The Sun Also Rises as important influences on the writing of the Parisian experience. Durham concludes that the fluidity between fact and fiction in much of Hemingway’s writings on Paris has postmodern tendencies

Adapting Impressionism: Hou Hsiao-hsien’s Le Voyage du ballon rouge

The 2007 release of a film directly inspired by a beloved French children’s movie made fifty years earlier would have been surprising enough without the additional fact that the adaptation was the work of a Taiwanese filmmaker who had never before filmed outside Asia and who spoke no French.  Hou hsiao-hsien’s Le Voyage du ballon rouge is not only a startling original film in its own right but it is also richly illustrative of the value of broadening our understanding of the intricate dialogic relations among texts.  Hou’s reinterpretation of Lamorisse’s film intersects not only with his own recurrent stylistic preferences and prior work as a filmmaker but also with a variety of self-reflective art works ranging from Chinese puppet shows to the statues in the Luxembourg garden to scenes from an internal remake of Le Ballon rouge to a visit to the Musée d’Orsay to see Félix Vallotton’s “Le Ballon.” In keeping with the extraordinary focus within the film on lighting and the color red, Hou’s homage to Lamorisse is all about allusion, reflections, and impressions.  Appropriately, one of the works it evokes is the Claude Monet painting, “Impression, soleil levant,” whose reddish sun looks strikingly like a red balloon floating through the sky and whose title named a movement which has not only endured but expanded to include analogous styles in a variety of visual arts and other media.</p