Domestic financing of economic development in Turkey: with special reference to the first five-year development plan, 1963-1967

The purpose of this dissertation is to try to provide a critical analysis of the problem of domestic financing of the Turkish First Five-Year Development Plan, 1963-1967. More precisely, we shall be concerned with the following question: how the savings/income ratio in the Turkish economy could be raised from its pre-Plan level to that envisaged by the Plan as an investment/income ratio necessary for the attainment of the Plan's targets. The study begins with a detailed introduction of the social and economic framework of Turkey in Chapter 1, in which the emphasis is put on the factors which are likely to be the most effective determinants of the saving capacity of the economy. This is followed by a review of the Plan's objectives in Chapter 2, which reveals the size of the Plan. Whether the financing of a plan of that size is within the capability of the Turkish economy is examined in Chapter 3 under the heading "Strategy for Financing of the Plan". However, even if the realization of the required finance is deemed to be within the means of the economy, it will certainly require some efforts by the public to raise the savings/income ratio above its pre-Plan level. In this connection, the performance of the private sector and the obstacles to a higher propensity to save in the private sector are analysed in Chapter 4. We are thus left with the major issue of the Public Sector's savings. Among the various kinds of public revenue, taxation is singled out due to its relative importance and studied in detail in Chapter 5. Then follows in Chapter 6 a sketch of non-tax public revenues and public current expenditures and a study of the financing of the deficit of the capital account of the Public Sector. The dissertation is completed with a chapter summarizing the conclusions of the individual chapters

The Quantum Magneto Effect of Bismuth

Using a standard field modulation technique, the de Haas-van Alphen effect was measured in bismuth for various crystal orientations. Measurements performed using a d.c. magnetic field that was ramped up from -0.05 T to -0.6 T at 4.2 K with a w.01 T modulating field. Data shows a variation of dHvA period with orientation that is in good agreement with the results of Bhargava\u27

Our American Nightmare: The Anachronistic Disaster of the Electoral College

Each year the Margaret Chase Smith Library sponsors an essay contest for high school seniors. The essay prompt for 2021 asked students to offer their opinions on whether the Electoral College has outlived its usefulness, or if it is more important than ever given the country’s current deep political polarization. This is the first-place essay

Shadow Pricing and Macroeconomic Analysis: Some Illustrations from Pakistan

Shadow prices are being used increasingly in the economic analysis of projects. The purpose of this paper, however, is to argue that shadow prices are equally relevant for certain types of analysis at the macro-economic level. In theory, macroeconomic issues can be properly analyzed, if at all, only in general equilibrium frame• work. Quantification then requires the solution of an appropriate model. But, estimable general equilibrium models can seldom include many variables, and the level of aggregation must remain high. They are general only in the very partial sense of simultaneous solution of a limited set of aggregated endogenous variables. On the other hand, some of the issues addressed by shadow pricing involve quite disaggregated variables, and, of course, project analysis itself often requires very detailed estimations

The effect of suture materials with different absorption times on isthmocele: a retrospective study

Objectives: With the increasing rate of cesarean operations, the formation of niches and related early and late complications have been observed more frequently. In this study, we examined the effects of using a suture material that can be absorbed faster than conventional sutures on the formation of niches. Material and methods: This study was designed as a retrospective study and completed with a total of 101 patients. During the cesarean operation, the uterus was closed with Rapide Vicryl® in 49 patients and Vicryl® in 52 patients. The uterine niche was measured with a sonohysterogram 6 months after the operation. The primary outcome of the study was determined as uterine niche formation and the secondary outcome was the post-menstrual spotting (PMS) rate. Results: Duration of surgery, intraoperative/postoperative blood loss, and hospitalization time were similar between the two groups. Niche formation was significantly lower in the Rapide Vicryl group (22.4%) when compared to the Vicryl group (42.3%) (p = 0.046). Also, PMS was observed significantly lower in the Rapide Vicryl group (16.2% and 52.8% in Rapide Vicryl and Vicryl groups, respectively; p = 0.002). Conclusions: The formation of niches and associated PMS rates were less with suture materials that were absorbed faster

A batteryless temperature sensor based on high temperature sensitive material

The original publication is available at www.epjap.orgThe major challenge in wireless sensor networks is the reduction of energy consumption. Passive wireless sensor network is an attractive solution for measuring physical parameters in harsh environment for large range of applications requiring sensing devices with low cost of fabrication, small size and long term measurement stability. Batteryless temperature sensing techniques are an active research field. The approach developed in our work holds a promising future for temperature sensor applications in order to successfully reduce the energy consumption. The temperature sensor presented in this paper is based on the electromagnetic transduction principle using the integration of the high temperature sensitive material into a passive structure. Variation in temperature makes the dielectric constant of this material changing, and such modification induces variation in the resonant frequencies of high-Q whispering-gallery modes (WGM) in the millimeter-wave frequency range. Following the results achieved, the proposed device shows a linear response to the increasing temperature and these variations can be remotely detected from a radar interrogation.This research was supported in part by EMMAG Program, 2014, funded by the European Commission.Bakkali, A.; Pelegrí Sebastiá, J.; Laghmich, Y.; Lyhyaoui, A. (2016). A batteryless temperature sensor based on high temperature sensitive material. European Physical Journal: Applied Physics. 74(2). doi:10.1051/epjap/2015150376S2460674

Symphony No.1 "Sea of Understanding"

Symphony No.1 “Sea of Understanding” is an original musical composition written for full symphony orchestra and is a continuous one-movement work with nine sections of approximately twenty minutes in length. It does not follow a set classical form. It combines Romantic, Sacred Minimalism, Post-Minimalism, Neo-Romantic and folkloric influences. The titles of these sections, along with the subtitle, and their specific order in the symphony, are the only tools used to convey the program that the work possesses to the listener. This symphony, invites the listener to affirm the value of understanding elements of life as human beings. Each section in the symphony has a title attributed to a certain phenomenon. The nine sections evoke the meanings of these phenomena, the reasons for their existence, and their interrelations. Titles of these sections in order of appearance are as follows: Nature, Animals, Human, Ethnicity, Family, Religion, Mind, Interwoven Souls, and Eternal Being. The work has a main motif or a theme to symbolize ""the understanding"" itself, and I call this main motif the “Understanding” motif/theme. Also, this main motif or theme connects each section to each other. I use the technique of thematic transformation to transform and use the main motif at specific points in the symphony. Thus, the main motif helps the philosophical idea of understanding to interconnect the nine phenomena in the symphony to each other, as it musically connects the nine sections to each other as well. This main motif is used only once at the beginning of each section, as if saying “this phenomenon is what we will try to understand now”. The symphony starts from very rich voicing (many pitches, either in blocks of clusters, or linearly presented, as well as many lines simultaneously sounding) to less voicing as we continue through each section. The music will drop down to one voice in section ""Religion"" in a monophonic style, but sounds almost atonal and disturbing in terms of pitch material. The work starts from one voice to the section ""Mind"" and build more voicing but with fully atonal material. This section is relatively longer than previous sections while building extreme ugliness and disturbance (as in Arvo Pärt’s Symphony No.1 & 2.) until the end of the section. The work rises very high in dynamics (until ff) to the densest texture to this point. Then it makes a complete sudden stop (a grand pause) at the end of section ""Mind"". After this short grand pause, the work enters the section ""Interwoven Souls"" with a huge tutti climactic music in ff dynamic and a very dense texture. There is again an increase in voicing, however, this time with pure tonality, in a minor key or multiple minor keys. It is very embracing, neo-romantic, highly expressive, building in dynamic up to fff, as it enters the section ""Eternal Being."" There the music gets longer in duration of notes, representing increased elevations. Later, almost all voices are held in a very dense texture, still purely tonal, but this time, the music is in major keys from the beginning of the final section until it builds up to ffff and ends in a celestial realm. This symphony aims to remind its listener the philosophical message of “we are all brothers and sisters in spite of our differences” by allowing them to contemplate on each phenomena it deals with

Wireless Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors

Acquiring temperature measurements from rotating machine components using conventional methods can be costly and technically challenging. Solutions involving thermocouples often include elaborate coupling mechanisms to ensure continuity of contact between the rotating thermocouple and the measuring instrument. Infrared thermal measurement solutions, while extremely accurate, do not afford the ability to measure temperature at critical and targeted locations on the rotating structure. The advent of wireless batteryless sensing using surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology holds the promise of providing cost effective and elegant solutions to the challenges posed by rotating machine components. Through use of independent frequency bands the sensors maintain unique identification within the system architecture. Further, passively powered SAW temperature sensors that do not need either an external power supply or batteries provide the added benefit of a low maintenance and environmentally friendly temperature measurement solution