Analysis of an international distribution hub for fast moving consumer goods

Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaf 52).The focus of this research is creating a framework to accurately assess the benefits of hub capability in an international distribution network for fast moving consumer packaged goods. The traditional inventory centralization dilemma requires an evaluation of whether the reduction in holding costs outweighs the increases in transportation and handling costs. We developed a mixed integer programming model to determine the benefits of adding hub capability to Consumer Co.'s Northwest Latin American import supply chain. Consumer Co.'s NWLA division imports products from Argentina, Brazil and Mexico to eleven countries within Central and South America, each operating a distribution center. By adding hub capability in the Colon Free Trade Zone, our model determined that the lowest cost could be achieved using a "Hybrid" solution, where some channels flowed through the hub and others were shipped direct. This network design would result in a 4.4% reduction in annual relevant costs. A counter-intuitive revelation was the fact that transportation costs could actually decrease. Similar to airlines, carriers can sometimes offer lower rates for indirect shipments passing through a high volume transit point instead of shipping the product directly through a less traveled route. Hub capability in the Colon Free Trade Zone also provides Consumer Co. with the flexibility to tailor their supply chain to potential changes in the fluctuating Latin American environment. Increasing customer expectations can lead to scenarios with higher safety stocks, for which centralization can provide the highest benefits.by Sebastian Ortiz Duran and Richard Hawks.M.Eng.in Logistic

A modified backward/forward sweep-based method for reconfiguration of unbalanced distribution networks

A three-phase unbalanced power flow method can provide a more realistic scenario of how distribution networks operate. The backward/forward sweep-based power flow method (BF-PF) has been used for many years as an important computational tool to solve the power flow for unbalanced and radial power systems. However, some of the few available research tools produce many errors when they are used for network reconfiguration because the topology changesafter multiple switch actions and the nodes are disorganized continually. This paper presents a modifiedBF-PF for three-phase unbalanced radial distribution networks that is capable of arranging the system topology when reconfiguration changes the branch connections. A binary search is used to determine the connections between nodes, allowing the algorithm to avoid those problems when reconfiguration is carried out, regardless of node numbers. Tests are made to verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm in both the IEEE 13-node test feeder and the 123-node test feeder, converging in every run where constraints are accomplished. This approach can be used easily for a large-scale feeder network reconfiguration. The full version of this modified backward/forward sweep algorithm is available for research at MathWorks

Global inequalities in the double burden of malnutrition and associations with globalisation: a multilevel analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 55 low-income and middle-income countries, 1992-2018

BACKGROUND: Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a double burden of malnutrition (DBM), whereby overnutrition and undernutrition coexist within the same individual, household, or population. This analysis investigates global inequalities in household-level DBM, expressed as a stunted child with an overweight mother, and its association with economic, social, and political globalisation across country income and household wealth. METHODS: We pooled anthropometric and demographic data for 1 132 069 children (aged <5 years) and their mothers (aged 15-49 years) from 189 Demographic and Health Surveys in 55 LMICs between 1992 and 2018. These data were combined with country-level data on economic, social, and political globalisation from the Konjunkturforschungsstelle Globalisation Index and gross national income (GNI) from the World Bank. Multivariate associations between DBM and household wealth, GNI, and globalisation and their interactions were tested using multilevel logistic regression models with country and year fixed-effects and robust standard errors clustered by country. FINDINGS: The probability of DBM was higher among richer households in poorer LMICs and poorer households in richer LMICs. Economic globalisation was associated with higher odds of DBM among the poorest households (odds ratio 1·49, 95% CI 1·20-1·86) compared with the richest households. These associations attenuated as GNI increased. Social globalisation was associated with higher odds of DBM (1·39, 95% CI 1·16-1·65), independently of household wealth or country income. No associations were identified between political globalisation and DBM. INTERPRETATION: Increases in economic and social globalisation were associated with higher DBM, although the impacts of economic globalisation were mostly realised by the world's poorest. The economic patterning of DBM observed in this study calls for subpopulation-specific double-duty actions, which should further aim to mitigate the potential negative and unequal impacts of globalisation. FUNDING: UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. TRANSLATIONS: For the Spanish and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

a multilevel analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys from 55 low-income and middle-income countries, 1992–2018

Funding Information: PS, AB-O, and CM are supported by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (grant reference BB/T009004/1). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) face a double burden of malnutrition (DBM), whereby overnutrition and undernutrition coexist within the same individual, household, or population. This analysis investigates global inequalities in household-level DBM, expressed as a stunted child with an overweight mother, and its association with economic, social, and political globalisation across country income and household wealth. Methods: We pooled anthropometric and demographic data for 1 132 069 children (aged <5 years) and their mothers (aged 15–49 years) from 189 Demographic and Health Surveys in 55 LMICs between 1992 and 2018. These data were combined with country-level data on economic, social, and political globalisation from the Konjunkturforschungsstelle Globalisation Index and gross national income (GNI) from the World Bank. Multivariate associations between DBM and household wealth, GNI, and globalisation and their interactions were tested using multilevel logistic regression models with country and year fixed-effects and robust standard errors clustered by country. Findings: The probability of DBM was higher among richer households in poorer LMICs and poorer households in richer LMICs. Economic globalisation was associated with higher odds of DBM among the poorest households (odds ratio 1·49, 95% CI 1·20–1·86) compared with the richest households. These associations attenuated as GNI increased. Social globalisation was associated with higher odds of DBM (1·39, 95% CI 1·16–1·65), independently of household wealth or country income. No associations were identified between political globalisation and DBM. Interpretation: Increases in economic and social globalisation were associated with higher DBM, although the impacts of economic globalisation were mostly realised by the world's poorest. The economic patterning of DBM observed in this study calls for subpopulation-specific double-duty actions, which should further aim to mitigate the potential negative and unequal impacts of globalisation. Funding: UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council. Translations: For the Spanish and Portuguese translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.publishersversionpublishe

Comercialización de la pulpa de aguacate Hass empacado al vacío en canales mayoristas y grandes superficies en la ciudad de Villavicencio.

Imagenes,graficas, diagramasEl Aguacate Hass es a nivel internacional un producto exótico de inigualables componentes nutricionales por lo que en esta investigación busca reconocer los beneficios de este producto agrícola, dando a conocer a productores de los municipios de lejanias, mesetas y el dorado el canal de comercialización optimo para incrementar las ventas del producto en el departamento del meta, especialmente del fruto cosechado donde se concentra la mayor producción por toneladas anuales.In Colombia in recent years they are taking about fruits that are part of our economy and agriculture development. according to their quality, production and demand, in local, national and foreign markets, the Hass avocado is a very succefuly fruit, for its flavor and the benefits its provides, its name stands out for being widely accepted when its marketed in different Colombian Cities, although in Villavicencio City its not the exception since this fruit is making part of different region tipycal dishes, for locals and foreign, the Hass avocado has become a habit that has to be on their regular dishes. Due to its slight natural ripening, it's essential to generate an alternative that allows me to obtain this excellent fruit for a longer period of conservation, without reducing it's quality, it's protein and energy content. Also it's transport and accessibility has to be easy; Wich is proposed to carry out the Hass avocado system vacuum packed

Sostenibilidad empresarial en Colombia

This review research analyzes corporate sustainability in Colombia and its behavior and the survival of business organizations as a strategy for competitiveness. The study has a qualitative and descriptive approach, which consists of a bibliographic review of the literature related to the topic of study. The results reveal that business sustainability is seen as a great alternative for the creation of value, the generation of employment and the economic dynamization of the country; through economic, social and environmental criteria, however, the environmental conditions are not being provided and do not guarantee the sustainability of the new companies created, reflected in a high mortality rate in our country. For this reason, it is concluded that for the development of sustainable companies, external and internal variables in the business ecosystem must be taken into account. In the Colombian case, companies face the following external obstacles: inadequate infrastructure to compete in global scenarios, political instability, social conflict, legal regulations, informality, social inequalities, corruption, financing of productive projects, pandemic, economic factors and tax evasion, among others.En la presente investigación de revisión analiza la sostenibilidad empresarial en Colombia y su comportamiento y la supervivencia de las organizaciones empresariales como estrategia de competitividad. El estudio tiene un enfoque cualitativo y de tipo descriptivo, que consiste en una revisión bibliográfica de la literatura relacionado con el tema de estudio. Los resultados revelan que la sostenibilidad empresarial se visualiza como una gran alternativa para la creación de valor, la generación de empleo y la dinamización económica del país; a través de criterios económicos, sociales y ambientales, sin embargo, las condiciones del entorno no se están brindando y no garantizan la sostenibilidad de las nuevas empresas creadas, reflejado en una tasa de mortalidad elevada en nuestro país. Por tal motivo, se concluye que para el desarrollo de las empresas sostenibles se deben tener en cuenta variables externas e internas en el ecosistema empresarial, en el caso colombiano las empresas afrontan los siguientes obstáculos externos: infraestructura inadecuada para competir en escenarios globales, inestabilidad política, conflicto social, normatividad jurídica, informalidad, desigualdades sociales, corrupción, financiación de proyectos productivos, pandemia, factores económicos y evasión tributaria, entre otros

Diseño urbano para el mejoramiento de la movilidad en la intersección Avenida Nariño - vía Tocaima, barrio Ciudad Montes de la ciudad de Girardot

Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo brindar una solución de movilidad urbana sostenible, teniendo como base las condiciones actuales de la intersección avenida Nariño- vía Girardot Tocaima, de acuerdo a esto, se establece herramientas que permitan la articulación de la población, transporte y espacio público en una fase preliminar. En el desarrollo de esta investigación de método analítico se determinó un enfoque cualitativo, a través de tablas, imágenes, cartografía, inspección visual de la vía, permitiendo una profundización en la caracterización del área intervenida para realizar la propuesta adecuada que mitigue la situación presentada en el sector, presentando como factor la seguridad de la comunidad y el espacio público. Además, se abordó un enfoque cuantitativo permitiendo la identificación del tránsito vehicular y la población. Este estudio analiza y aplica las variables de transformación físico- espacial abordando los componentes para un diseño urbano, que permita enmarcar y suplir las condiciones que afectan actualmente el área intervenida, generando cambios favorables en su infraestructura, de esta manera se presenta este diseño que establezca un impacto positivo en el desarrollo y sustentabilidad de su infraestructura. El desarrollo de esta investigación muestra el estado actual del área intervenida, permitiendo visualizar los cambios que se tendrán con un diseño urbano que favorezca a la población y la movilidad

Potencial agroturístico del distrito de Huancaray, Andahuaylas, 2020

La investigación determinó el potencial agroturístico del distrito de Huancaray, Andahuaylas, Apurímac. Para desarrollar dicha investigación, la metodología que se ha utilizado es de enfoque cualitativo, de tipo básica, con diseño fenomenológico y de nivel descriptivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por doce pobladores, dedicados a la actividad agrícola. Los resultados de la presente investigación permiten observar que los recursos agroturísticos en el distrito de Huancaray tienen un alto potencial para su desarrollo, están principalmente conformados por recursos biogeográficos, socioeconómicos, culturales y folclore de dicho distrito. La conclusión del trabajo permite asegurar que existe un alto desconocimiento por parte de los pobladores del distrito sobre la actividad turística y de los beneficios que esta acarrea consigo. Por ello se recomienda tomar las acciones más apropiadas que podrían poner en marcha a fin de responder a las necesidades de la población y de los visitantes, para posicionarse en el mercado turístico con un destino ideal para escapar de la rutina, en un ambiente rural y natural con alternativas de realizar actividades de aventura, en donde los beneficiados sean la población visitada y el visitante, de esta forma se promoverá el desarrollo agroturístico sostenible esperado