A Review on Plant-Derived Immunomodulatory Agents: Hopes as an Alternative Medicine in the Management of Immune-Related Disorders

In humans, the immune system serves as a protective barrier against infection; however, when the immune system is out of balance, it can harm the host. Immunomodulators are chemicals or medications that have been employed in the clinic to treat an unbalanced immune response. The majority of immunological medicines in clinical use are cytotoxic. They harm the patient's quality of life by causing various side effects and being associated with higher production costs, longer lead times, and a high failure rate. Furthermore, obtaining single-compound chemicals with low toxicity, high efficacy, and selectivity for specified disorders is difficult for researchers. As a result, techniques based on alternative medicine are gaining traction in drug development, focusing on innovative natural compounds utilized to treat various disorders. Many plant molecules founded to have biologically beneficial properties. This review aimed to look at the immunomodulatory activity of plant-derived chemicals from widely used plants that treat a range of diseases worldwide

Impact of Vitamins and Minerals Enriched Flora in the Management of Calciphytoliths: A Special Focus on Vitamin E

Calciphytoliths (calcium oxalate calculi) have a great influence on human health and are a disease with a high likelihood of recurrence at a rate of more than 10% within a year. Plant flavonoids, saponins, and tannins are reported to be Litholytic by inhibiting calcium oxalate crystals or by their calcium channel blocking activity. Vitamins and minerals containing flora completely prevent deposition of oxalate by preventing pre-oxidation injury and restoring renal tissue antioxidants. So vitamin therapy also might protect against oxalate calculi deposition in the human kidneys. The present chapter discusses the impact of vitamins especially vitamin E, calcium, and low oxalate-containing plants for the management of various urinary or kidney disorders

A combination of resveratrol and 3,3′-diindolylmethane, a potent radioprotector

<p><b>Purpose:</b> Exposure to ionizing radiation causes damage to the genomic integrity and stability of the cell. Though a large number of molecules have been studied for their radioprotective capability, no single agent is available today that meets all the requirements of a good radiprotector. In this study, we have investigated a combination of Resveratrol (RSV) and 3,3′-Diindolyl methane (DIM) for its efficacy for radioprotection. It is our hypothesis that this combination that possesses less toxicity than synthetic compounds, free radical scavenging potential, and the capacity to interfere with the several of the signaling cascades that trigger damage to cell by ionizing radiation may possess good radioprotective capability.</p> <p><b>Materials and methods:</b> Mice were pre-treated with a combination of RSV and DIM and the 30-day mortality assay, endogenous antioxidant levels in intestinal mucosa, metaphase chromosomal aberrations, and micronuclei formation were assessed after exposed to ionizing radiation.</p> <p><b>Results:</b> The dose modifying factor (DRF) obtained for RSV, DIM, and the combination is 1.15, 1.17, and 1.3, respectively. Pre-treatment of mice with the combination results in significant (***<i>p</i> = .001) protection of the endogenous antioxidant levels, chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei formation, after exposure to ionizing radiation.</p> <p><b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that pre-treatment with the combination of RSV and DIM protects effectively from the ionizing radiation-induced damage at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels by counteracting both the direct and indirect effects.</p

A review on upregulation of glucokinase expression by selected plants and their phytoconstituents

Glucokinase is, an allosteric enzyme involved in glycolysis, is rapidly regulated in the liver through glucokinase regulatory protein and remains essential for blood glucose homeostasis. The present review provides brief information about the effects of a few selected plants and phytochemicals on human glucokinase activation and gene modulation. A thorough and relevant literature search from several scientific databases, comprising Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed, was carried out. We highlighted the&nbsp; seven plants (Acorus tatariowii Schott, Allium hirtifolium Boiss, Apache red maize, Mulberry species, Pterocarpus marsupium, Sapium ellepticum, Mangifera indica) and their phytoconstituents ( Tatanans A-C, alliogenin , gitogenin , kaempferol , quercetin and shallomin,1-deoxynojirimycin,cyanidin-3-rutinoside,resveratrol,cyanidin-3-glucoside,oxyresveratrol,&nbsp;lupeol,&nbsp;alpha-tocopherol, uteolin-7-glucoside, amentoflavone, and&nbsp; Mangiferin)&nbsp;on human glucokinase enzyme activation&nbsp; and gene modulation. This review concluded that investigation of glucokinase activators of plant origin is the major research focus in the management of type 2 diabetes

Inhibition of calculi forming oxalate by dietary Basella rubra organs: Litholytic activity

The inhibition of calculi forming oxalate by dietary&nbsp;Basella rubra&nbsp;plant organs leaf and stem pod has been investigated. The weight reduction assay was studied. Also a concoction of the plant organs was tested. Leaf extract was found with considerable activity whereas the concoction seems to be not much active as the stem pod extract. Soluble oxalate of the plant organs are partially removed prior to extraction of active constituents. The active component/s seem to be a non-protein and non-tannin molecule/s that may act through inhibition of calcium accumulation there by proving the positive activity against the calculi or kidney stone. Regular consumption of leaf and stem pod extracts of our plant would be helpful in calculi prophylaxis

A Review on Upregulation of Glucokinase Expression by Selected Plants and Their Phytoconstituents

Glucokinase is, an allosteric enzyme involved in glycolysis, is rapidly regulated in the liver through glucokinase regulatory protein and remains essential for blood glucose homeostasis. The present review provides brief information about the effects of a few selected plants and phytochemicals on human glucokinase activation and gene modulation. A thorough and relevant literature search from several scientific databases, comprising Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed, was carried out. We highlighted the&nbsp; seven plants (Acorus tatariowii Schott, Allium hirtifolium Boiss, Apache red maize, Mulberry species, Pterocarpus marsupium, Sapium ellepticum, Mangifera indica) and their phytoconstituents ( Tatanans A-C, alliogenin , gitogenin , kaempferol , quercetin and shallomin,1-deoxynojirimycin,cyanidin-3-rutinoside,resveratrol,cyanidin-3-glucoside,oxyresveratrol,&nbsp;lupeol,&nbsp;alpha-tocopherol, uteolin-7-glucoside, amentoflavone, and&nbsp; Mangiferin)&nbsp;on human glucokinase enzyme activation&nbsp; and gene modulation. This review concluded that investigation of glucokinase activators of plant origin is the major research focus in the management of type 2 diabetes