Current Imbalance Detection Method based on Vector Space Decomposition Approach for Five-Phase Induction Motor Drives

The inherent fault-tolerant capability against open-phase faults (OPFs) of multiphase machines is an appreciated advantage in applications where high-reliability is a main concern. This desirable feature has usually required fault localization and post-fault control reconfiguration to provide a suitable performance in this anomaly situation. However, recent model predictive control (MPC) based on virtual voltage vectors (VVs) has validated the multiphase machine fault-tolerant capability without post-fault control reconfiguration. This fact allows to relax some of the OPF detection methods requirements. On the other hand, incipient faults or damaged connections can generate resistance dissymmetry (RD) situations that produces overheating and control degradation. Although the origin of OPFs and RDs can be of a different nature, the symptoms of both anomalies are common: a current imbalance that generates non-null x-y currents appears. Focusing on this approach, this work suggests new settings for an OPF detection method based on the vector space decomposition (VSD) in order to make it universally valid both in OPF and RD situations. The proposed current imbalance detection (CID) method is implemented together with a natural fault-tolerant direct torque control (DTC) for five-phase induction motor drives. Experimental results are employed to verify the goodness of the proposed method.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Measures to evaluate quality of care in renal cancer: results of a Delphi study in Spain.

Purpose: To review current measures for renal cancer care and develop a comprehensive and updated list of measures for their practical use. Methods: The study was developed by Fundación ECO, a Spanish foundation aiming to improve oncology quality of care. A systematic literature review was carried out to identify measures and knowledge gaps. A scientific committee composed of 9 experts reviewed the literature findings and added measures. A preliminary list of 42 measures was evaluated with the Delphi method to gather feedback from 47 medical oncology experts in Spain. Experts scored the appropriateness of the measures and ranked their priority in 2 consecutive online surveys. The scientific committee reviewed the Delphi results and developed the measures. A technical group from Universidad Francisco de Vitoria conducted and oversaw the Delphi method. Results: The Delphi method led to consensus on all 42 measures. The scientific committee used a prioritisation matrix to select 25 of these measures for evaluating quality of care in renal cancer. These measures regarded structure, process, and outcome and covered general management, diagnosis, treatment, follow-up, and evaluation of health outcomes. Easy-to-use index cards were developed for all 25 measures, including their definition, formula, acceptable level of attainment, and rationale. Conclusions: This manuscript aims to provide healthcare professionals with expert- and evidence-based measures that are useful for evaluating quality of care in renal cancer and cover all aspects and stages.pre-print451 K

Symmetrical six-phase induction machines: a solution for multiphase direct control strategies

Six-phase induction machines are considered an interesting multiphase option because they can benefit from the well-known three-phase converter technology. These multiphase machines can be classified according to the spatial distribution of their windings into two main groups: asymmetrical and symmetrical six-phase machines. In the case of symmetrical sixphase machines, some sets of voltage vectors show an important advantage from the point of view of the - current mitigation. They provide an active production in the - plane with a completely null injection of - components. This fact is a desired feature for direct control strategies, such as standard model predictive control (MPC), where a single switching state is applied during the entire sampling period. Based on these statements, this work proposes an MPC strategy for symmetrical six-phase induction machines using voltage vectors with null - voltage production in order to obtain the flux/torque generation with minimum - currents. Simulated results have been included to validate the goodness of the developed control scheme.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Targeting Protects Against Ischemic Damage After Fibrin-Rich Thrombotic Stroke Despite Non-Reperfusion.

Stroke is one of the most prevalent diseases worldwide caused primarily by a thrombotic vascular occlusion that leads to cell death. To date, t-PA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) is the only thrombolytic therapy approved which targets fibrin as the main component of ischemic stroke thrombi. However, due to its highly restrictive criteria, t-PA is only administrated to less than 10% of all stroke patients. Furthermore, the research in neuroprotective agents has been extensive with no translational results from medical research to clinical practice up to now. Since we first described the key role of NETs (Neutrophil Extracellular Traps) in platelet-rich thrombosis, we asked, first, whether NETs participate in fibrin-rich thrombosis and, second, if NETs modulation could prevent neurological damage after stroke. To this goal, we have used the thromboembolic in situ stroke model which produces fibrin-rich thrombotic occlusion, and the permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery by ligature. Our results demonstrate that NETs do not have a predominant role in fibrin-rich thrombosis and, therefore, DNase-I lacks lytic effects on fibrin-rich thrombosis. Importantly, we have also found that NETs exert a deleterious effect in the acute phase of stroke in a platelet-TLR4 dependent manner and, subsequently, that its pharmacological modulation has a neuroprotective effect. Therefore, our data strongly support that the pharmacological modulation of NETs in the acute phase of stroke, could be a promising strategy to repair the brain damage in ischemic disease, independently of the type of thrombosis involved.This work was supported by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III and co-financed by the European Development Regional Fund “A Way to Achieve Europe” PI20/00535 and RETICS RD16/0019/ 0009 (IL), from Regional Madrid Government B2017/BMD- 3688 (IL), from Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation PID2019- 106581RB-I00 (MÁM), from Leducq Foundation for Cardiovascular Research TNE-19CVD01 (MÁM), from Fundación La Caixa HR17_00527 (MM). The CNIC is supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (MCIN) and the Pro CNIC Foundation, and is a Severo Ochoa Center of Excellence (SEV-2015-0505).S

Control of six-phase voltage source converters using dynamic voltage vectors

The use of a single switching state during the whole sampling period in the current regulation of six-phase voltage source converters (VSCs) inevitably generates undesired parasitic - currents. Aiming to solve this problem, the creation of virtual/synthetic voltage vectors (VVs) has been recently proposed to ensure zero average - voltage production. However, the off-line calculation of VVs makes them static and suboptimal. This paper introduces new approach where the virtual voltages are created on-line within a model predictive control (MPC) based current regulation strategy. Since the selection of the switching states and the dwell times varies each sampling period, the resulting vector are termed dynamic voltage vectors (DVVs). This new concept allows an online optimization of the output voltage production depending on the operating point at the expense of a higher computational cost. Simulation results confirm that six-phase VSCs can be successfully regulated using DVVs in an MPC-based current control scheme.The use of a single switching state during the whole sampling period in the current regulation of six-phase voltage source converters (VSCs) inevitably generates undesired parasitic - currents. Aiming to solve this problem, the creation of virtual/synthetic voltage vectors (VVs) has been recently proposed to ensure zero average - voltage production. However, the off-line calculation of VVs makes them static and suboptimal. This paper introduces new approach where the virtual voltages are created on-line within a model predictive control (MPC) based current regulation strategy. Since the selection of the switching states and the dwell times varies each sampling period, the resulting vector are termed dynamic voltage vectors (DVVs). This new concept allows an online optimization of the output voltage production depending on the operating point at the expense of a higher computational cost. Simulation results confirm that six-phase VSCs can be successfully regulated using DVVs in an MPC-based current control scheme.IEEE Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Direct Torque Control based on Virtual Voltage Vector for a Six-phase Induction Machine

[EN] Direct torque control (DTC) strategy is one of the methods used to control multiphase machines. This strategy has been popular in recent decades owing to its speed, robustness and simplicity in the control scheme. However, the appearance of the new secondary x-y currents components typical of multiphase systems can deteriorate the currents quality and increase the losses in the stator copper if they are not regulated properly. That is why the definition and use of the called virtual voltage vectors allow the reduction of these x-y components, thus alleviating the main problem of the direct extension of the DTC to systems with more than three phases. This paper presents the implementation of virtual voltage vectors in a direct torque control for the speed regulation of a six-phase induction machine, validating the goodness of the control strategy proposed by experimental results.[ES] La estrategia de control directo de par (DTC por sus siglas en inglés) es uno de los métodos empleados para el control de máquinas multifásicas. Esta estrategia ha sido popular en las últimas décadas gracias a su rapidez, robustez y simplicidad en el esquema de control. Sin embargo, la aparición de las nuevas componentes secundarias de corrientes x-y propias de los sistemas multifásicos pueden deteriorar la calidad de las corrientes y aumentar las pérdidas en el cobre del estator si no se regulan adecuadamente. Es por ello por lo que la definición y el uso de los denominados vectores virtuales de tensión permiten la reducción de estas componentes x-y, paliando así el principal problema de la extensión directa del DTC a sistemas con más de tres fases. Este artículo presenta la implementación de vectores virtuales de tensión en un control directo de par para la regulación de la velocidad de máquina de inducción de seis fases, validando la bondad de la estrategia de control propuesta mediante resultados experimentales.García Entrambasaguas, P.; González Prieto, I.; Durán Martínez, MJ.; Bermúdez Guzmán, M.; Barrero García, FJ. (2018). Vectores Virtuales de Tensión en Control Directo de Par para una Máquina de Inducción de Seis Fases. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 15(3):277-285. https://doi.org/10.4995/riai.2018.9837OJS277285153Abdel-Khalik, A.S., Masoud, M.I. y Williams, B.W. 2012. Improved flux pattern with third harmonic injection for multiphase induction machines. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics 27, No. 3, 1563-1578.Abdel-Khalik, A.S., Masoud, M.I. y Williams, B.W. 2012. Vector controlled multiphase induction machine: harmonic injection using optimized constant gains. 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