How the Psychology of Education Contributes to Research With a Social Impact on the Education of Students With Special Needs: The Case of Successful Educational Actions

One current challenge in the psychology of education is identifying the teaching strategies and learning contexts that best contribute to the learning of all students, especially those whose individual characteristics make their learning process more difficult, as is the case for students with special needs. One main theory in the psychology of education is the sociocultural approach to learning, which highlights the key role of interaction in children's learning. In the case of students with disabilities, this interactive understanding of learning is aligned with a social model of disability, which looks beyond individual students' limitations or potentialities and focuses on contextual aspects that can enhance their learning experience and results. In recent years, the interactive view of learning based on this theory has led to the development of educational actions, such as interactive groups and dialogic literary gatherings, that have improved the learning results of diverse children, including those with disabilities. The aim of this paper is to analyze the social impact achieved by a line of research that has explored the benefits of such successful educational actions for the education of students with special needs. National and European research projects based on the communicative methodology of research have been conducted. This methodology entails drawing on egalitarian dialogue with the end-users of research - including teachers, students with and without disabilities, students' relatives and other community members - to allow an intersubjective creation of knowledge that enables a deeper and more accurate understanding of the studied reality and its transformative potential. This line of research first allowed the identification of the benefits of interactive learning environments for students with disabilities educated in mainstream schools; later, it allowed the spreading of these actions to a greater number of mainstream schools; and more recently, it made it possible to transfer these actions to special schools and use these actions to create shared learning spaces between mainstream and special schools. The improvement of the educational opportunities for a greater number and greater diversity of students with special needs evidences the social impact of research based on key contributions of the psychology of education

Socialización preventiva y nuevas masculinidades

Las investigaciones científicas constituyen una base fundamental en el campo de la coeducación. Desde hace tiempo, se trabaja en una línea de investigación que desarrolla el concepto de socialización preventiva, dentro de la que se enmarca un estudio que profundiza en dos cuestiones esenciales para la prevención de la violencia de género: el amor ideal y las nuevas masculinidades. En este artículo se exponen algunos de sus resultados

Caracterización de voz empleando análisis tiempo - frecuencia aplicada al reconocimiento de emociones

La voz además de permiter comunicarnos (habla), es también una señal biológica que contiene información extra-lingüística sobre características físicas, estados fisiológicos y emocionales. Se presenta en este trabajo una metodología para la caracterización de la señal de voz aplicada en el reconocimiento de estados emocionales. Los diferentes estados emocionales de un hablante producen cambios fisiológicos en el aparato fonador, lo que se ve reflejado en la variación de dichas características. Las técnicas empleadas en el análisis de la señal de voz se pueden dividir en dos categorías: Transformadas Tiempo-Frecuencia y Análisis Paramétrico. La primera de estas categorías hace referencia a la representación de la señal en espacios conjuntos del tiempo y la frecuencia, permitiendo conocer la ubicación temporal del contenido espectral, esta técnica es efectiva en el tratamiento de señales no estacionarias como es la señal de voz. El análisis paramétrico busca estimar un modelo matemático que de forma aproximada represente el sistema de producción vocal. Este documento se divide en la siguiente forma: en el Capítulo 1 se describe la fisiología del mecanismo de producción de voz y la naturaleza de los sonidos. En el Capítulo 2 se hace una introducción a la naturaleza de las emociones, su clasificación y efectos en el habla. En el Capítulo 3 se encuentran las técnicas de análisis empleadas para la extracción de características. En el Capítulo 4 se hace una descripción de las características extraídas de acuerdo a la técnica de análisis empleada. En el Capítulo 5 se desarrolla la metodología de evaluación y se muestran los resultados obtenidos.The voice besides contains information that allows comunication (speech) is also a biological signal that contains information about phisycal features, functional and emotional states. This work presents a methodology for the characterization of voice signal applied to the recognition of emotional states. The different emotional states produce physiologyc changes in vocal producction system, wich are reflected in the variation of these features. The techniques used in the voice signal analysis can be divided in two categories: Time-Frequency Representation and Parametric Analysis. The first one makes reference to the signal representation in a time-frequency joint domain, this alternative let know the spectral content in the temporal domain without losing the resolution in any of the two spaces, it makes good to the analysis of non-stationary signal like the voice. The second category search to estimate mathematic models that represents the vocal production system, reducing the number of parameters used in the analysis. This document is divided in the following way: Chapter 1 descibes the physiology of the vocal production mechanism and the sound nature. Chapter 2 makes an introducction of emotion nature and effects in the speech. In Chapter 3 are found the analysis technique employed in features extraction. Chapter 4 makes a description of the extracted features according to the analysis technique employed. Chapter 5 develop the evaluation methodology and saw the obtained results

Female university students' preferences for different types of sexual relationships: implications for gender-based violence prevention programs and policies

Background: Gender-based violence among young women is a growing problem worldwide. The consequences of this victimization have been well reported in the scientific literature, among which negative health outcomes stand out. The factors influencing this problem are many; one highlighted by research is socialization into a dominant coercive discourse that associates sexual-affective attraction to males with violent attitudes and behaviors, while in turn, such discourse empties males with egalitarian behaviors from sexual attractiveness. This coercive discourse may be shaping the sexual preferences of female youth. The current paper explores young women's preferences for different types of sexual relationships and, more particularly, for what type of sexual affective relationships they coercively preferred men with violent attitudes and behavior. Methods: A quantitative, mixed-design vignette study was conducted with 191 college females in Spain. We focused the analysis only on responses about vignettes including narratives of men with violent attitudes and behaviors. In addition, we examined whether participants would report higher coerced preferences for violent men when asked about the coerced preferences of their female friends than when asked about their own preferences. Results: Only 28.95% of participants responded that their female friends would prefer a young man with violent behavior for a stable relationship, meanwhile 58.42% would do it for hooking up. When reporting about themselves, the difference was greater: 28.42% would prefer a young man with violent behavior for hooking up and just 5.78% for a stable relationship. Conclusions: The dominant coercive discourse that links attractiveness to people with violent attitudes and behaviors may be explaining the results obtained in this study. The findings can help eliminate the stereotype largely adopted by some intervention and prevention programs which assume that gender-based violence occurs mainly in stable relationships, considering that falling in love is the reason that lead women to suffer from violence. Our results can also support health professionals and others serving young women to enhance their identification of gender violence victimization, as well as our findings point to the need to include the evidence of gender violence in sporadic relationships in prevention programs and campaigns addressed to young women

'Your Friends do Matter': Peer Group Talk in Adolescence Gender and Violence

Research on gender violence has identified as one main component leading to gender violence a dominant socialization process which associates attractiveness to men who show violent behaviors and attitudes, while egalitarian and non-violent men are emptied of attractiveness. This is known as coercive dominant discourse. Starting from the evidence that the peer group is a main context of socialization in adolescence, quantitative data were collected from six classes of secondary education (14-15-year-old adolescents) to explore whether the coercive dominant discourse is displayed in social interactions in the peer group and, if so, how it influences attractiveness patterns and sexual-affective behavior in adolescence. The analyses reveal that the coercive dominant discourse is often reproduced in the peer group interactions, creating group pressure, and pushing some girls to violent relationships. Alternative ways of interaction are also reported, which allow a socialization leading to more freedom, less coercion, and more healthy relationships

Impersonations. The Artifice of Brahmin Masculinity in South Indian Dance

La masculinidad se ha analizado de forma amplia desde un prisma sobretodo occidental, básicamente centrándose en la hegemonía del hombre heterosexual de raza blanca. A eso hace referencia la autora del libro cuando empieza a analizar la construcción de la masculinidad en la cultura Brahmin

Creating Learning Environments Free of Violence in Special Education Through the Dialogic Model of Prevention and Resolution of Conflicts

Violence suffered by children is a violation of human rights and a global health problem. Children with disabilities are especially vulnerable to violence in the school environment, which has a negative impact on their well-being and health. Students with disabilities educated in special schools have, in addition, more reduced experiences of interaction that may reduce both their opportunities for learning and for building protective social networks of support. This study analyses the transference of evidence-based actions to prevent violence in schools - the dialogic model of prevention and resolution of conflicts (DMPRC) - in the context of a special school, and its impact on the reduction of violence, the creation of egalitarian relationships, and the prevention of bullying. A case study with a communicative approach was conducted including in-depth interviews and communicative focus groups with the diverse participants to analyze the process of transformation carried out in the school and the main actions that give students a voice in the management and creation of egalitarian non-violent relationships. The results show that the inclusion of the students' voices in the resolution and prevention of conflicts reduces violence, empowers special education students, strengthens friendship relationships, caring behavior, and active positioning among the community. The positive impact of the transference of the DMPRC to special schools contributes to students' well-being and healthy development by offering safe and protective educational spaces and quality emotional education, also contributing to the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals related to the elimination of all forms of violence in childhood

Costos laborales y no laborales y su impacto sobre el desempleo, la duración del desempleo y la informalidad en Colombia, 1980-2007

Este documento describe y analiza la evolución del desempleo desde 1980 estimando el efecto de los costos laborales no salariales (parafiscales) y salario mínimo sobre la tasa y duración del desempleo así como el efecto de los costos mencionados sobre la informalidad. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que aumentos en las regulaciones laborales aumentan la informalidad, el desempleo y su duración. Al medir el impacto de los cambios en los costos no laborales desde comienzos de los noventa, se encuentra que aquellos generaron un desempleo adicional de por lo menos en 3.5 puntos porcentuales y 5.3 puntos de informalidad, además de aumentar en 6 semanas la duración del desempleo. De esta manera, este documento confirma lo que ha sido señalado en otras investigaciones en relación al impacto negativo sobre indicadores del mercado laboral del aumento en los costos laborales y no laborales.desempleo, informalidad, duración del desempleo, costos laborales, salario mínimo, impuestos parafiscales

Bartenders and Customers' Interactions. Influence on Sexual Assaults in Nightlife

Nightlife establishments are meeting points for what the scientific literature has called "hookups" or "one-night stands" that is, uncommitted sexual relationships that can sometimes result in unwanted or even violent experiences. The scientific literature has identified that sexual assault has usually been connected with alcohol abuse. Other studies have found that nightlife staff can be an active or passive party to violent events (sexual or otherwise), especially bouncers. However, less attention has been paid to bartenders, and their involvement in such events has not been analyzed in depth. This article presents an exploration of how some male bartenders interact with some male customers in the nightlife context to promote sexual relationships and how their interactions might influence possible sexual assault situations. The results of this study shed light on and help us to understand why sexual assault occurs in these spaces

Analysis of the influence of the different variables involved in a damage progression probability model

Motivated by these difficulties, Castillo et al. (2012) made some suggestions on how to build consistent stochastic models avoiding the selection of easy to use mathematical functions, which were replaced by those resulting from a set of properties to be satisfied by the model