Crimen, criminalidad y ficción: : el asesinato de Jimmy Hoffa, mafia y la literatura

Objective: This article analyzes the book I Heard You Paint Houses, translated into Spanish as El Irishman. Hoffa, case closed. The book reconstructs various events in the recent history of organized crime and politics in the United States and presents a new version of the death of union leader Jimmy Hoffa. Methodology: is an analysis and interpretation of a non-fiction work that is systematically contrasted withother similar works. The text locates the historical background of Francis Sheeran's biography on Hoffa, presents some of the most relevant facts of the development of the mafia in the United States between 1957-1990 and the debates generated by the book. It serves as a pretext to return to analyzes of the relationships between fiction and non-fiction in the social sciences. Results: The result of the analysis is that this book presents a plausible version of the facts due to the handling of the sources, the verification of the facts and because it has not yet been refuted with new evidence.Objetivo: en este artículo se analiza el libro I Heard You Paint Houses, traducido al español como El irlandés. Hoffa, caso cerrado. El libro reconstruye diversos eventos de la historia reciente del crimen organizado y de la política de Estados Unidos y presenta una nueva versión sobre la muerte del líder sindicalista Jimmy Hoffa. Metodología: es un análisis e interpretación de una obra de no ficción que se contrasta de forma sistemática con otras obras similares. El texto ubica el trasfondo histórico de la biografía de Francis Sheeran sobre Hoffa, presenta algunos de los hechos más relevantes del desarrollo de la mafia en Estados Unidos entre 1957-1990 y los debates generados por el libro. Sirve de pretexto para volver los análisis de las relaciones entre ficción y no ficción en las ciencias sociales. Resultados: este libro analizado presenta una versión verosímil de los hechos por el manejo de las fuentes, por la verificación de los hechos y porque no ha sido refutada aún con nuevas evidencias

Crimen, criminalidad y ficción: : el asesinato de Jimmy Hoffa, mafia y la literatura

Objective: This article analyzes the book I Heard You Paint Houses, translated into Spanish as El Irishman. Hoffa, case closed. The book reconstructs various events in the recent history of organized crime and politics in the United States and presents a new version of the death of union leader Jimmy Hoffa. Methodology: is an analysis and interpretation of a non-fiction work that is systematically contrasted withother similar works. The text locates the historical background of Francis Sheeran's biography on Hoffa, presents some of the most relevant facts of the development of the mafia in the United States between 1957-1990 and the debates generated by the book. It serves as a pretext to return to analyzes of the relationships between fiction and non-fiction in the social sciences. Results: The result of the analysis is that this book presents a plausible version of the facts due to the handling of the sources, the verification of the facts and because it has not yet been refuted with new evidence.Objetivo: en este artículo se analiza el libro I Heard You Paint Houses, traducido al español como El irlandés. Hoffa, caso cerrado. El libro reconstruye diversos eventos de la historia reciente del crimen organizado y de la política de Estados Unidos y presenta una nueva versión sobre la muerte del líder sindicalista Jimmy Hoffa. Metodología: es un análisis e interpretación de una obra de no ficción que se contrasta de forma sistemática con otras obras similares. El texto ubica el trasfondo histórico de la biografía de Francis Sheeran sobre Hoffa, presenta algunos de los hechos más relevantes del desarrollo de la mafia en Estados Unidos entre 1957-1990 y los debates generados por el libro. Sirve de pretexto para volver los análisis de las relaciones entre ficción y no ficción en las ciencias sociales. Resultados: este libro analizado presenta una versión verosímil de los hechos por el manejo de las fuentes, por la verificación de los hechos y porque no ha sido refutada aún con nuevas evidencias

Low order modelling of flow-control techniques for turbulent skin-friction reduction

In the present thesis a linearized formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations is used to study two main subjects: the generation of near-wall streaks in turbulent boundary layers and the response of turbulent wall-bounded flows to streamwise-travelling waves of spanwise oscillations of the bounding walls. For the purposes of the present work, these oscillations of the wall have been considered as a flow control mechanism. A mathematical model, based on a velocity-vorticity formulation linearized around a turbulent mean base flow, is adopted to simulate the fluid flow equations. A hybrid spectral-finite differences solver has been employed to numerically implement the linearized system. A review on turbulent streak generation is presented and the concepts of exponential growth, algebraic growth and viscous dissipation of small-scale perturbations are linked to the concept of transient growth. Mechanisms of generation of near-wall streaks are explored using a large set of sources of excitation for the linearized Navier- Stokes equations (LNSE). Two types of sources, here labelled as Excitation Mechanisms (EM), are employed: a body-force source and an initial condition. The selection of parameters for the excitation mechanisms is performed based on the definition of a multi-step optimization problem. The different EMs studied consist of a restricted number of parameters, and therefore can be considered as a Low Order Model (LOM) for the generation of streaks. It is shown that both types of EM produce satisfactory results for the streak generation process evaluated in terms of experimentally expected optimal spanwise scales. Finally, a large set of numerical experiments are conducted to evaluate the response of the LNSE with optimised EM, to the flow control by a spanwise oscillating wall. By comparing the results between the response of the LNSE considered here to this type of flow control against a drag-reduction map obtained by DNS in other studies, it is possible to assess the correlation between streak evolution and disruption of the skin-friction drag. A good agreement between these two responses is found for the parameter space of the streamwise-travelling spanwise oscillation waves

Exploiting timescale separation in micro and nano flows

In this paper we describe how timescale separation in micro/nano flows can be exploited for computational acceleration. A modified version of the seamless heterogenous multiscale method (SHMM) is proposed: a multi-step SHMM. This maintains the main advantages of SHMM (e.g., re-initialisation of micro data is not required; temporal gearing (computational speed-up) is easily controlled; and it is applicable to full and intermediate degrees of timescale separation) while improving on accuracy and greatly reducing the number of macroscopic computations and micro/macro coupling instances required. The improved accuracy of the multi-step SHMM is demonstrated for two canonical one-dimensional transient flows (oscillatory Poiseuille and oscillatory Couette flow) and for rarefied-gas oscillatory Poiseuille flow

Time-step coupling for hybrid simulations of multiscale flows

A new method is presented for the exploitation of time-scale separation in hybrid continuum-molecular models of multiscale flows. Our method is a generalisation of existing approaches, and is evaluated in terms of computational efficiency and physical/numerical error. Comparison with existing schemes demonstrates comparable, or much improved, physical accuracy, at comparable, or far greater, efficiency (in terms of the number of time-step operations required to cover the same physical time). A leapfrog coupling is proposed between the ‘macro’ and ‘micro’ components of the hybrid model and demonstrates potential for improved numerical accuracy over a standard simultaneous approach. A general algorithm for a coupled time step is presented. Three test cases are considered where the degree of time-scale separation naturally varies during the course of the simulation. First, the step response of a second-order system composed of two linearly-coupled ODEs. Second, a micro-jet actuator combining a kinetic treatment in a small flow region where rarefaction is important with a simple ODE enforcing mass conservation in a much larger spatial region. Finally, the transient start-up flow of a journal bearing with a cylindrical rarefied gas layer. Our new time-stepping method consistently demonstrates as good as or better performance than existing schemes. This superior overall performance is due to an adaptability inherent in the method, which allows the most-desirable aspects of existing schemes to be applied only in the appropriate conditions

La circulación de la clase política en Colombia: El congreso de la republica durante el frente nacional

Este artículo analiza la circulación de la clase política en Colombia durante el periodo del Frente Nacional (1958-1974). En primer lugar, el artículo mide el grado de circulación de la clase política institucionalizada, tanto inter-electoral como el promedio para todo el periodo analizado. En segundo lugar, plantea los factores que inciden en que un régimen político con serias restricciones democráticas presente una alta tasa de circulación de su clase política. En esta dirección el texto analiza la incidencia del faccionalismo y de la presencia de movimientos de oposición con éxito electoral en la alta circulación de los miembros del congreso. En tercer lugar, el texto enfatiza en la presencia de diversos círculos al interior de la clase política colombiana, de acuerdo con su estabilidad en el congreso, su presencia en las esferas decisionales del congreso y su inserción en los cargos directivos de los partidos

Gobernadores y corrupción en la costa atlántica. Clanes políticos, políticos de negocios y paramilitarismo

El artículo analiza la corrupción entre los gobernadores en la región Atlántica colombiana. Se trata de un reporte de investigación que indaga sobre los niveles de corrupción entre los gobernadores y los factores que inciden en esta. El argumento central es que esta región presenta altos niveles de corrupción (con excepciónde de Atlántico) en los que se articulan dos modalidades, la primera  modalidad expresa la conjunción de clanes o familias políticas, políticos de negocios y redes de contratistas, la segunda incluye, además, a los grupos criminales paramilitares como actores de apropiación de los recursos públicos y de distorsión de la competencia política democrática. Se resalta también que la acción de los entes de control es muy activa, pero se caracteriza por se fundamentalmente sancionatoria y funciona como un control ex post, tardío y lento

O conhecimento da política: conhecimento acadêmico, senso comum e ação política

The article discusses and differentiates four types of knowledge related to politics: political philosophy, political science, common sense and knowledge resulting from political practice. It analyzes the specificity of each of these knowledge areas about politics, their characteristics, scope and purposes. It also reconstructs the conflicting relationships that have arisen between philosophers and political scientists, their confrontations and mutual misgivings and, more recently, their appeasement, coexistence and convergence. Finally, the article warns about the demarcation between knowing and giving an opinion, between episteme and doxa.El artículo discute y diferencia cuatro tipos de conocimiento relacionados con la política: la filosofía política, la ciencia política, el sentido común y el conocimiento producto de la práctica política. Analiza la especificidad de cada uno de estos saberes sobre la política, sus características, alcances y finalidades. También reconstruye las conflictivas relaciones que se han presentado entre filósofos y politólogos, sus confrontaciones y mutuos recelos y, más recientemente, su apaciguamiento, convivencia y convergencia. Asimismo, advierte sobre la demarcación entre saber y opinar, entre episteme y doxa.O artigo discute e diferencia quatro tipos de conhecimento relacionados à política: filosofia política, ciência política, o senso comum e conhecimento resultante da prática política. Analisa a especificidade de cada um desses conhecimentos sobre política, suas características, alcances e finalidades. Também reconstrói as relações conflitantes que têm surgido entre filósofos e politólogos, seus confrontos e apreensões mútuas e, mais recentemente, seu apaziguamento, convivência e convergência. Além disso, adverte sobre a demarcação entre saber e opinar, entre episteme e doxa

Colombia, political leadership in a context of violence. César Gaviria Trujillo

Este artículo reconstruye la trayectoria de uno de los actores políticos más importantes de la vida política de Colombia en las últimas cuatro décadas. Se analiza a César Gaviria Trujillo, sus comienzos en la política, su consolidación política y el acceso a la Presidencia de la República. También se aborda la construcción de su liderazgo, su proyección, su desempeño como presidente y su papel en la política desde la década de 1980 hasta la actualidad. El artículo da cuenta de un estudio de caso de un liderazgo relevante mediante el cual se puede ilustrar varias de las dinámicas políticas del país.This article reconstructs the trajectory of one of the most important political actors of the political life of Colombia in the last four decades. It analyzes the case of Cesar Gaviria Trujillo, his beginnings in politics, its consolidation and access to the Presidency of the Republic. It also addresses the construction of his leadership, his projection, his performance as president and his role in politics from the 1980s to the present. The article gives an account of a case study of relevant leadership through which several of the country's political dynamics can be illustrated