Jassai sur la prise a partie des magistral en matiere repressive.

LEIDSSTELSELToulouse.OPLADEN-RUG0

L’évolution de l’agriculture dans l’Aribinda, Burkina-Faso (1975-1983)

En 1875, le terroir concentré jusque là autour de la bourgade commence à s’étendre au nord, puis au sud où des villages sont créés. Ce mouvement de colonisation agricole se poursuit librement pendant toute la période coloniale. Entre 1955 et 1981, cette extension des terres cultivées peut être appréhendée plus finement grâce aux couvertures aériennes faites à ces deux dates : extension des cultures sur les sables, mise en culture des bas-fonds. L’Aribinda, région de faible émigration, est par..

Contributions à la reconnaissance de l'écriture cursive à l'aide des modèles de Markov cachés

PARIS5-BU Saints-Pères (751062109) / SudocSudocFranceF

Genetic investigation of fibromuscular dysplasia identifies risk loci and shared genetics with common cardiovascular diseases

International audienceFibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an arteriopathy associated with hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction, affecting mostly women. We report results from the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of six studies including 1556 FMD cases and 7100 controls. We find an estimate of SNP-based heritability compatible with FMD having a polygenic basis, and report four robustly associated loci (PHACTR1, LRP1, ATP2B1, and LIMA1). Transcriptome-wide association analysis in arteries identifies one additional locus (SLC24A3). We characterize open chromatin in arterial primary cells and find that FMD associated variants are located in arterial-specific regulatory elements. Target genes are broadly involved in mechanisms related to actin cytoskeleton and intracellular calcium homeostasis, central to vascular contraction. We find significant genetic overlap between FMD and more common cardiovascular diseases and traits including blood pressure, migraine, intracranial aneurysm, and coronary artery disease

Comparative Immunovirological and Clinical Responses to Antiretroviral Therapy Between HIV-1 Group O and HIV-1 Group M Infected Patients

International audienceBACKGROUND:Genetic divergence of HIV-1/O relative to HIV-1/M impacts virological monitoring and drug susceptibility, but little is known about impact on therapeutic outcomes. We aimed to determine if responses to standardized cART were similar between groups despite strain divergence.METHODS:We performed an open non-randomized study comparing the immunological, virological and clinical responses to cART based on 2NRTIs+1PI/r, in naive and paired HIV-1/O- versus HIV-1/M-infected patients (ratio 1:2), matched on sex, age, CD4 count, hemoglobin level, and HBsAg status. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with undetectable plasma viral load (pVL, threshold 60 cp/mL) at W48. Secondary endpoints were the proportion of patients with undetectable pVL at W24 and W96 and CD4 evolution between baseline and W24, W48 and W96.RESULTS:47 HIV-1/O and 94 HIV-1/M patients were included. Mean pVL at baseline was significantly lower by 1 log for HIV-1/O versus HIV-1/M patients. At W48, no significant difference was observed between populations with undetectable pVL in 80.9% of HIV-1/O versus 75.5% of HIV-1/M patients. Differences at W24 and W96 were not significant. A difference in CD4 gain was observed in favor of HIV-1/M at W48 and W96, but this was not significant when adjusted on both matched criteria and pVL at baseline.CONCLUSIONS:Our data demonstrate similar immuno-virological and clinical response between HIV-1/O and HIV-1/M patients, suggesting that genetic divergence does not impact therapeutic outcomes. They also reveal significantly lower baseline replication for HIV-1/O variants, suggesting specific virological properties and physiopathology that now need to be addressed

Genetic investigation of fibromuscular dysplasia identifies risk loci and shared genetics with common cardiovascular diseases

Fibromuscular dysplasia is a cardiovascular disease affecting mostly women with a mostly unknown genetic basis. Here the authors have performed a genome-wide association meta-analysis of Fibromuscular dysplasia to identify genetic loci, some of which are shared with common cardiovascular disease and traits.Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is an arteriopathy associated with hypertension, stroke and myocardial infarction, affecting mostly women. We report results from the first genome-wide association meta-analysis of six studies including 1556 FMD cases and 7100 controls. We find an estimate of SNP-based heritability compatible with FMD having a polygenic basis, and report four robustly associated loci (PHACTR1, LRP1, ATP2B1, and LIMA1). Transcriptome-wide association analysis in arteries identifies one additional locus (SLC24A3). We characterize open chromatin in arterial primary cells and find that FMD associated variants are located in arterial-specific regulatory elements. Target genes are broadly involved in mechanisms related to actin cytoskeleton and intracellular calcium homeostasis, central to vascular contraction. We find significant genetic overlap between FMD and more common cardiovascular diseases and traits including blood pressure, migraine, intracranial aneurysm, and coronary artery disease

Les Hommes face aux sécheresses

Fléaux parmi les plus dévastateurs, les sécheresses marquent depuis longtemps et d'une façon périodique l'histoire des populations. Aujourd'hui, elles sont à la fois mieux connues gr âce au progrès scientifiques, et plus graves socialement parce que les hommes concernés sont plus nombreux. Mettant toujours à l'épreuve les autorités des pays atteints et entra înant souvent l'intervention de la communauté internationale, elles constituent un problème politique majeur. Comparant le Nordeste intérieur du Brésil et le Sahel africain, deux espaces récemment sinistrés, l'ouvrage analyse d'abord la géographie physique de l'accident : baisse des précipitations, appauvrissemenf de la couverture végétale, fragilisation de l'écosystème. Il décrit ensuite les réponses des hommes, que ce soit les adaptations paysannes ou les stratégies des Etats, les interventions des ONG (organisations non gouvernementales) ou les travaux des chercheurs. Il ressort de ce débat que, si certains milieux naturels sont vulnérables, la sécheresse est aussi un phénomène social : la réflexion multidisciplinaire peut alors aider à construire un meilleur équilibre entre les hommes et leur espace