Clinician experiences of treating eating disorders and the use of clinical supervision

Objective: Clinicians working with individuals with eating disorders encounter unique emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses. Such responses may impact on clinician self-care and wellbeing, and are linked to clinician burnout and poor treatment outcomes. Supervision can protect against such deleterious consequences. At present there is limited theoretical literature and no empirical literature relating to the supervision of eating disorder clinicians. Method: A three round Delphi Methodology was employed to explore the experiences of clinicians from a range of professional backgrounds who work therapeutically with individuals with anorexia nervosa, along with the role of supervision and relevant key supervision requirements. Results: Positive experiences were more frequently reported than negative experiences. Key negative emotions comprised sadness, anxiety, frustration and inadequacy. The impact on clinicians thinking about food and their own body-image were divergent. A large number of statements reflecting the core elements of supervision including areas of discussion, reflection, outcomes, supervisor qualities, the supervisory relationship, barriers and facilitators reached consensus. No consensus was reached regarding discussing clinicians’ thoughts about food, body-image or personal eating disorder history. Discussion: Implications for clinical practice include using these findings to challenge persistent beliefs that individuals with anorexia nervosa are undesirable to treat, and to help identify appropriate support where challenging experiences arise. Results relating to supervision can form the basis of future supervision guidelines in this field. Study limitations and implications for future research are discussed

Light emitting devices based on nanostructured semiconductors

Light emitting devices based on high-efficiency photoluminescence (PL) fluorescent nanocrystals have been investigated in terms of the generation of light from the structure using a variety of deposition methods. An automated modified layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly technique has been employed to produce multilayers of thiol-capped red fluorescing CdTe nanocrystals. Indium- tin-oxide (ITO) and aluminium electrodes were used as the electrodes. Morphological characterization was carried out through Schottky field effect (SFEG) SEM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The structures built presented clear red electroluminescence (EL) to the naked eye. Turn on voltages were found to be in the range of 3-6 volts while the onset current was in the order of tens of microamperes. The role of structure homogeneity, the presence of pinholes and lifetime extension were features addressed during this investigation. Samples with a lifetime of continuous operation in air longer than 60 minutes and highly stable EL spectra were achieved; EL was visible to the unaided eye, although the brightness was still below the commercial standards and has not yet been qualified

Experimental Animal Decompressions to a Near-Vacuum Environment

Rapid decompression of dogs to near vacuum environment to estimate times of consciousness, collapse, and surviva

Intravital Multiphoton Microscopy with Fluorescent Bile Salts in Rats as an In Vivo Biomarker for Hepatobiliary Transport Inhibition

The bile salt export pump (BSEP) is expressed at the canalicular domain of hepatocytes, where it mediates the elimination of monovalent bile salts into the bile. Inhibition of BSEP is considered a susceptibility factor for drug-induced liver injury that often goes undetected during nonclinical testing. Although in vitro assays exist for screening BSEP inhibition, a reliable and specific method for confirming Bsep inhibition in vivo would be a valuable follow up to a BSEP screening strategy, helping to put a translatable context around in vitro inhibition data, incorporating processes such as metabolism, protein binding, and other exposure properties that are lacking in most in vitro BSEP models. Here, we describe studies in which methods of quantitative intravital microscopy were used to identify dose-dependent effects of two known BSEP/Bsep inhibitors, 2-[4-[4-(butylcarbamoyl)-2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)sulfonylamino]phenoxy]-3-methoxyphenyl]acetic acid (AMG-009) and bosentan, on hepatocellular transport of the fluorescent bile salts cholylglycyl amidofluorescein and cholyl-lysyl-fluorescein in rats. Results of these studies demonstrate that the intravital microscopy approach is capable of detecting Bsep inhibition at drug doses well below those found to increase serum bile acid levels, and also indicate that basolateral efflux transporters play a significant role in preventing cytosolic accumulation of bile acids under conditions of Bsep inhibition in rats. Studies of this kind can both improve our understanding of exposures needed to inhibit Bsep in vivo and provide unique insights into drug effects in ways that can improve our ability interpret animal studies for the prediction of human drug hepatotoxicity

Investigating the Potential of Fee-Based Recreation on Private Lands in the Lower Mississippi River Delta

Private landowners may be willing to allow public access for fee-based wildlife-associated recreation. A survey and econometric techniques are proposed to determine what characteristics may influence the probability to decide to offer recreation, what organizational form landowners may prefer to manage and market fee-based recreation, and how liability concerns and other possible disincentives collectively influence landowners' access decisions.wildlife-associated recreation, liability perceptions, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy,

Aerodynamic preliminary analysis system 2. Part 1: Theory

An aerodynamic analysis system based on potential theory at subsonic and/or supersonic speeds and impact type finite element solutions at hypersonic conditions is described. Three dimensional configurations having multiple nonplanar surfaces of arbitrary planform and bodies of noncircular contour may be analyzed. Static, rotary, and control longitudinal and lateral directional characteristics may be generated. The analysis was implemented on a time sharing system in conjunction with an input tablet digitizer and an interactive graphics input/output display and editing terminal to maximize its responsiveness to the preliminary analysis problem. The program provides an efficient analysis for systematically performing various aerodynamic configuration tradeoff and evaluation studies

Water vapor in the lower stratosphere measured from aircraft flight

Water vapor in the lower stratosphere was measured in situ by two aluminum oxide hygrometers mounted on the nose of an RB57 aircraft. Data were taken nearly continuously from January to May 1974 from an altitude of approximately 11 km to 19 km as the aircraft flew between 70 deg N and 50 deg S over the land areas in the Western Hemisphere. Pseudomeridional cross sections of water vapor and temperature are derived from the flight data and show mixing ratios predominantly between 2 and 4 micron gm/gm with an extreme range of 1 to 8 micron gm/gm. Measurement precision is estimated by comparing the simultaneously measured values from the two flight hygrometer systems. Accuracy is estimated to be about + or - 40 percent at 19 km. A height-averaged latitudinal cross section of water vapor shows symmetry of wet and dry zones