3,164 research outputs found
Alien Registration- Harris, Mary K. (Portland, Cumberland County)
https://digitalmaine.com/alien_docs/24166/thumbnail.jp
The Class 0 Protostar BHR71: Herschel Observations and Dust Continuum Models
We use Herschel spectrophotometry of BHR71, an embedded Class 0 protostar, to
provide new constraints on its physical properties. We detect 645 (non-unique)
spectral lines amongst all spatial pixels. At least 61 different spectral lines
originate from the central region. A CO rotational diagram analysis shows four
excitation temperature components, 43 K, 197 K, 397 K, and 1057 K. Low-J CO
lines trace the outflow while the high-J CO lines are centered on the infrared
source. The low-excitation emission lines of H2O trace the large-scale outflow,
while the high-excitation emission lines trace a small-scale distribution
around the equatorial plane. We model the envelope structure using the dust
radiative transfer code, Hyperion, incorporating rotational collapse, an outer
static envelope, outflow cavity, and disk. The evolution of a rotating
collapsing envelope can be constrained by the far-infrared/millimeter SED along
with the azimuthally-averaged radial intensity profile, and the structure of
the outflow cavity plays a critical role at shorter wavelengths. Emission at
20-40 um requires a cavity with a constant-density inner region and a power-law
density outer region. The best fit model has an envelope mass of 19 solar mass
inside a radius of 0.315 pc and a central luminosity of 18.8 solar luminosity.
The time since collapse began is 24630-44000 yr, most likely around 36000 yr.
The corresponding mass infall rate in the envelope (1.2x10 solar mass
per year) is comparable to the stellar mass accretion rate, while the mass loss
rate estimated from the CO outflow is 20% of the stellar mass accretion rate.
We find no evidence for episodic accretion.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 33 pages; 34 figures; 4 table
Benchmarking of 3D space charge codes using direct phase space measurements from photoemission high voltage DC gun
We present a comparison between space charge calculations and direct
measurements of the transverse phase space for space charge dominated electron
bunches after a high voltage photoemission DC gun followed by an emittance
compensation solenoid magnet. The measurements were performed using a
double-slit setup for a set of parameters such as charge per bunch and the
solenoid current. The data is compared with detailed simulations using 3D space
charge codes GPT and Parmela3D with initial particle distributions created from
the measured transverse and temporal laser profiles. Beam brightness as a
function of beam fraction is calculated for the measured phase space maps and
found to approach the theoretical maximum set by the thermal energy and
accelerating field at the photocathode.Comment: 11 pages, 23 figures. submitted to Phys Rev ST-A
Vacancy assisted arsenic diffusion and time dependent clustering effects in silicon
We present results of kinetic lattice Monte Carlo (KLMC) simulations of
substitutional arsenic diffusion in silicon mediated by lattice vacancies.
Large systems are considered, with 1000 dopant atoms and long range \textit{ab
initio} interactions, to the 18th nearest lattice neighbor, and the diffusivity
of each defect species over time is calculated. The concentration of vacancies
is greater than equilibrium concentrations in order to simulate conditions
shortly after ion implantation. A previously unreported time dependence in the
applicability of the pair diffusion model, even at low temperatures, is
demonstrated. Additionally, long range interactions are shown to be of critical
importance in KLMC simulations; when shorter interaction ranges are considered
only clusters composed entirely of vacancies form. An increase in arsenic
diffusivity for arsenic concentrations up to is
observed, along with a decrease in arsenic diffusivity for higher arsenic
concentrations, due to the formation of arsenic dominated clusters. Finally,
the effect of vacancy concentration on diffusivity and clustering is studied,
and increasing vacancy concentration is found to lead to a greater number of
clusters, more defects per cluster, and a greater vacancy fraction within the
clusters.Comment: 22 pages, 16 figure
Revisiting the Quantum Group Symmetry of Diatomic Molecules
We propose a q-deformed model of the anharmonic vibrations in diatomic
molecules. We analyse the applicability of the model to the phenomenological
Dunham's expansion by comparing with experimental data. Our methodology
involves a global consistency analysis of the parameters that determine the
q-deformed system, when compared with fitted vibrational parameters to 161
electronic states in diatomic molecules. We show how to include both the
positive and the negative anharmonicities in a simple and systematic fashion.Comment: 15 pages, 3 Table
The Spitzer c2d Survey of Nearby Dense Cores: VI. The Protostars of Lynds Dark Nebula 1221
Observations of Lynds Dark Nebula 1221 from the Spitzer Space Telescope are
presented. These data show three candidate protostars towards L1221, only two
of which were previously known. The infrared observations also show signatures
of outflowing material, an interpretation which is also supported by radio
observations with the Very Large Array. In addition, molecular line maps from
the Five College Radio Astronomy Observatory are shown.
One-dimensional dust continuum modelling of two of these protostars, IRS1 and
IRS3, is described. These models show two distinctly different protostars
forming in very similar environments. IRS1 shows a higher luminosity and larger
inner radius of the envelope than IRS3. The disparity could be caused by a
difference in age or mass, orientation of outflow cavities, or the impact of a
binary in the IRS1 core.Comment: accepted for publication in Ap
The RMS Survey: Ammonia and water maser analysis of massive star forming regions
The Red MSX Source (RMS) survey has identified a sample of ~1200 massive
young stellar objects (MYSOs), compact and ultra compact HII regions from a
sample of ~2000 MSX and 2MASS colour selected sources. We have used the 100 m
Green Bank telescope to search for 22-24 GHz water maser and ammonia (1,1),
(2,2) and (3,3) emission towards ~600 RMS sources located within the northern
Galactic plane. We have identified 308 H2O masers which corresponds to an
overall detection rate of ~50%. Abridged: We detect ammonia emission towards
479 of these massive young stars, which corresponds to ~80%. Ammonia is an
excellent probe of high density gas allowing us to measure key parameters such
as gas temperatures, opacities, and column densities, as well as providing an
insight into the gas kinematics. The average kinetic temperature, FWHM line
width and total NH3 column density for the sample are approximately 22 K, 2
km/s and 2x10^{15} cm^{-2}, respectively. We find that the NH3 (1,1) line width
and kinetic temperature are correlated with luminosity and finding no
underlying dependence of these parameters on the evolutionary phase of the
embedded sources, we conclude that the observed trends in the derived
parameters are more likely to be due to the energy output of the central source
and/or the line width-clump mass relationship. The velocities of the peak H2O
masers and the NH3 emission are in excellent agreement with each other, which
would strongly suggest an association between the dense gas and the maser
emission. Moreover, we find the bolometric luminosity of the embedded source
and the isotropic luminosity of the H2O maser are also correlated. We conclude
from the correlations of the cloud and water maser velocities and the
bolometric and maser luminosity that there is a strong dynamical relationship
between the embedded young massive star and the H2O maser.Comment: 17 pages and 17 figures and 8 tables. Tables\,2 and 5 and full
versions of Figs. 3 and 7 are only available in electronic form at the CDS
via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.125.5) or via
http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A
Teaching Breast Self-Examination in the High School
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73530/1/j.1746-1561.1977.tb01051.x.pd
Protostellar accretion traced with chemistry. High resolution C18O and continuum observations towards deeply embedded protostars in Perseus
Context: Understanding how accretion proceeds is a key question of star
formation, with important implications for both the physical and chemical
evolution of young stellar objects. In particular, very little is known about
the accretion variability in the earliest stages of star formation.
Aims: To characterise protostellar accretion histories towards individual
sources by utilising sublimation and freeze-out chemistry of CO.
Methods: A sample of 24 embedded protostars are observed with the
Submillimeter Array (SMA) in context of the large program "Mass Assembly of
Stellar Systems and their Evolution with the SMA" (MASSES). The size of the
CO emitting region, where CO has sublimated into the gas-phase, is
measured towards each source and compared to the expected size of the region
given the current luminosity. The SMA observations also include 1.3 mm
continuum data, which are used to investigate whether a link can be established
between accretion bursts and massive circumstellar disks.
Results: Depending on the adopted sublimation temperature of the CO ice,
between 20% and 50% of the sources in the sample show extended CO
emission indicating that the gas was warm enough in the past that CO sublimated
and is currently in the process of refreezing; something which we attribute to
a recent accretion burst. Given the fraction of sources with extended CO
emission, we estimate an average interval between bursts of 20000-50000 yr,
which is consistent with previous estimates. No clear link can be established
between the presence of circumstellar disks and accretion bursts, however the
three closest known binaries in the sample (projected separations <20 AU) all
show evidence of a past accretion burst, indicating that close binary
interactions may also play a role in inducing accretion variability.Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A, 21 pages, 13 figure
Large Eddy Simulation of Transonic Flow Field in NASA Rotor 37
The current paper reports on numerical investigations on the flow characteristics in a transonic axial compressor, NASA Rotor 37. The flow field was used previously as a CFD blind test case conducted by American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1994. Since the CFD blind-test exercise, many numerical studies on the flow field in the NASA Rotor 37 have been reported. Although steady improvements have been reported in both numerical procedure and turbulence closure, it is believed that all the important aspects of the flow field have not been fully explained with numerical studies based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solution. Experimental data show large dip in total pressure distribution near the hub at downstream of the rotor at 100% rotor speed. Most original numerical solutions from the blind test exercise did not predict this total pressure deficit correctly. This total pressure deficit at the rotor exit was attributed to a hub corner flow separation by the author. Several subsequent numerical studies with different turbulence closure model also calculated this dip in total pressure rise. Also, several studies attributed this total pressure deficit to a small leakage flow coming from the hub in the test article. As the experimental study cannot be repeated, either explanation cannot be validated. The primary purpose of the current investigation is to investigate the transonic flow field with both RANS and a Large Eddy Simulation (LES). The RANS approach gives similar results presented at the original blind test exercise. Although the RANS calculates higher overall total pressure rise, the total pressure deficit near the hub is calculated correctly. The numerical solution shows that the total pressure deficit is due to a hub corner flow separation. The calculated pressure rise from the LES agrees better with the measured total pressure rise especially near the casing area where the passage shock interacts with the tip clearance vortex and flow becomes unsteady due to this interaction. The LES simulation also calculates the total pressure rise deficit near the hub and it agrees well with the measured data
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