Estado oxidante e antioxidante de crianças com bronquiolite aguda

OBJETIVO: O estresse oxidativo demonstrou contribuir para a patogênese de doenças pulmonares inflamatórias agudas e crônicas. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar o estado oxidante/antioxidante de crianças com bronquiolite aguda por meio de mensuração da capacidade antioxidante total do plasma, estado oxidante total e índice de estresse oxidativo. MÉTODOS: As crianças com bronquiolite aguda encaminhadas para o Departamento de Emergência Pediátrica do hospital universitário entre janeiro e abril 2012 foram comparadas a controles saudáveis de mesma idade. Os pacientes com bronquiolite aguda tiveram essa doença classificada como leve e moderada. O estado oxidante e antioxidante foi avaliado pela mensuração da capacidade antioxidante total do plasma, estado oxidante total e índice de estresse oxidativo. RESULTADOS: Foram incluídas 31 crianças com bronquiolite aguda com idade de três meses a dois anos e 37 crianças saudáveis. O estado oxidante total (EOT) foi maior em pacientes com bronquiolite aguda do que no grupo de controle (5,16±1,99 µmol H2O2 em comparação a 3,78±1,78 µmol H2O2 [p = 0,004]). A capacidade antioxidante total (CAT) foi significativamente menor em crianças com bronquiolite que no grupo de controle (2,51±0,37 µmol Trolox equivalente/L em comparação a 2,75±0,39 µmol Trolox Eqv/L) (p = 0,013). Os pacientes com bronquiolite moderada apresentaram níveis de EOT mais elevados que os com bronquiolite leve e os do grupo de controle (p = 0,03, p < 0,001). Os pacientes com bronquiolite moderada apresentaram níveis de IEO mais elevados que os do grupo de controle (p = 0,015). O nível de saturação de oxigênio de pacientes com bronquiolite foi inversamente correlacionado ao nível de EOT (r = -0,476, p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O equilíbrio entre os sistemas oxidante e antioxidante é interrompido em crianças com bronquiolite moderada, indicando que o fator de estresse poderá ter um papel na patogênese da doença

Melatonin attenuates phenytoin sodium-induced DNA damage

Phenytoin sodium (PHT Na+) is a potent antiepileptic drug against epileptic seizures and is used as a prophylactic treatment in traumatic brain injury. PHT Na+ leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and DNA is a crucial molecular target of ROS-initiated toxicity. Melatonin and its metabolites possess free-radical-scavenging activity. We therefore designed this study to investigate the potential protective effect of melatonin against PHT Na+-induced DNA damage by using the comet assay in a rat model in vivo. Thirty-three 3-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into five groups of control treated with isotonic sodium chloride (a single injection of isotonic sodium chloride and 100 mL in drinking water for 10 days), ethanol treated (in drinking water for 10 days containing 100 mL of ethanol in each 300-mL drinking bottle), melatonin treated (4 mg/kg body weight [b.w.] intraperitoneally [i.p.] at the start, in drinking water for 10 days), PHT Na+ treated (a single i.p. injection of 50 mg/kg) and PHT Na+ (50 mg/kg b.w., single i.p.) and melatonin (4 mg/kg b.w. i.p. at the start and 4 mg/kg in drinking water for 10 days) cotreated. To determine the protective effects of melatonin, the comet assay was performed using lymphocytes isolated in different time intervals (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes) from each group of animals. On days 1, 3, 7 and 10, blood samples were taken and the comet assay technique was performed. Our present data suggest that melatonin reversed PHT Na+-induced DNA damage

Investigating the in vitro effect of taurine on the infant lymphocytes by sister chromatid exchange

Taurine (2-aminoethane sulphonic acid) is normally present in most mammalian tissues and the most abundant free amino acid in lymphocytes. It participates in various important physiological activities including modulation of the functioning of the central nervous system, cell proliferation, viability and prevention of oxidant-induced injury in many tissues. Its levels in human milk are very high which may be the most important difference from cow's milk. In contrast, an inverse association between breast-feeding and carcinogenesis in childhood or later in life has been suggested by several studies

P300 auditory event-related potentials in children with obesity: is childhood obesity related to impairment in cognitive functions?

Objective: To investigate alterations in P300 auditory event-related potentials in children with obesity to detect changes in cognitive functions

Importance of Plasma N-Terminal Pro B-Type Natriuretic Peptide, Epicardial Adipose Tissue, and Carotid Intima-Media Thicknesses in Asymptomatic Obese Children

This study aimed to analyze the variations of N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide, epicardial adipose tissue thickness, and carotid intima-media thickness in childhood obesity. The study participants consisted of 50 obese children in the study group and 20 nonobese children referred for evaluation of murmurs who proved to have an innocent murmur and were used as control subjects. All the subjects underwent transthoracic echocardiographic examination for determination of left ventricular systolic function and mass index, myocardial tissue rates, and myocardial performance index. Epicardial adipose tissue thickness and carotid intima-media thickness also were measured during echocardiography. Serum N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels were measured at the time of evaluation. The left ventricle mass index was 40.21 +/- A 10.42 g/m(2) in the obese group and 34.44 +/- A 4.51 g/m(2) in the control group (p > 0.05). The serum N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide level was 109.25 +/- A 48.53 pg/ml in the study group and 51.96 +/- A 22.36 pg/ml and in the control group (p = 0.001). The epicardial adipose tissue thickness was 5.57 +/- A 1.45 mm in the study group and 2.98 +/- A 0.41 mm in the control group (p = 0.001), and the respective carotid intima-media thicknesses were 0.079 +/- A 0.019 cm and 0.049 +/- A 0.012 cm (p = 0.001). The left ventricular systolic and diastolic functions showed no statistically significant correlations with N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide levels, carotid intima-media thickness, or epicardial adipose tissue thickness values. The results show that measurement of serum N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide level, carotid intima-media thickness, and epicardial adipose tissue thickness in asymptomatic obese children is not needed

Levels of SIRT1, eNOS, PON-1, TAS, TOS, and OSI in children, adults, and older people.

<p>The results are shown as mean ± Standart error of mean (SEM). * indicates significant difference against to children, # indicates significant difference against to adults. *p<0.05 and #p<0.05. Statistical evaluation by One-way ANOVA with post hoc Tukey’s test.</p

Distribution of rs7895833 A>G, rs7069102 C>G and rs2273773 C>T genotypes and alleles in study groups.

<p>n, number of individuals. Statistical evaluation by the Chi-square test. *p<0.05.</p><p>Distribution of rs7895833 A>G, rs7069102 C>G and rs2273773 C>T genotypes and alleles in study groups.</p

Representative PCR gel pictures of SIRT1 gene polymorphisms.

<p><b>A)</b> The genotype for rs7895833 SNP of <i>SIRT1</i> gene. <b>B)</b> The genotype for rs7069102 SNP of <i>SIRT1</i> gene. <b>C)</b> The genotype for rs2273773 SNP of <i>SIRT1</i> gene. The first lanes of each gel contain a 50 bp DNA ladder.</p