Unlocking the potential of RNA interference as a therapeutic tool

The existence of an intrinsic biochemical pathway enabling specified regulation of gene expression was unheard of until the final years of the last decade. The identification of ribonucleic acid interference (RNAi) in mammalian cells has nowadays become of extreme importance in the field of functional genomics and translational medicine. The advent of RNAi technology has brought to the scientific research and pharmaceutical communities the ability to regulate expression of any desired gene in a reproducible manner. Consequently, such technology may be utilised in the design of novel therapeutics for clinical conditions having dys-regulated gene expression. Since most RNAi-based therapies in the drug development pipeline of pharmaceutical companies utilise short interfering RNA (siRNA), this review will focus on the role of siRNA in drug development.peer-reviewe

Movements of Channel Catfish and Flathead Catfish in Beaver Reservoir, Northwest Arkansas

A total of 497 channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, and flathead catfish, Pylodictis olivaris. were tagged in Beaver Reservoir during two November-April tagging periods (1967-68 and 1968-69); total recaptures were 9.5 and 11.7% respectively. The longest time between tagging and recapture was 1622 days (4.4 years) for channel catfish and 494 days (1.4 years) for flathead catfish. The longest distances traveled were 43.1 km by a channel catfish and 44.3 km by a flathead catfish. Fisherman returns indicated that catfish were caught primarily from April through July. The many recaptures, even after long periods, within 1.6 km of the tagging point, suggested that fish moved little, or had homing tendencies. Captures of fish in trap nets indicated that rainfall and inflow possibly stimulated movements of channel catfish during the winter and early spring

Daisy Miller: A Study of Patriarchal Perception

This paper examines patriarchal perception in Henry James\u27 novella Daisy Miller. The novella does not provide objective presentations of the characters; instead, the narrative presents a subjective depiction, mostly of Daisy Miller, according to the inner thoughts of only one character, Frederick Winterbourne. Yet Winterbourne is not technically the narrator; his thoughts are disclosed by an unknown character in the story some time after the story occurs. Winterbourne\u27s subjectivity being relayed through another character-narrator portrays Winterbourne\u27s perceptions without explicitly analyzing his behavior. I argue that this complex narrative structure transparently divulges pre-established patriarchal notions that affect Winterbourne\u27s perceptions of Daisy, thus executing a social critique. For example, Winterbourne\u27s familial, social, and geographical circumstances construct a patriarchal distribution of information. Geneva, where Winterbourne develops his beliefs of male-female relations, has its own standards for women\u27s behaviors that include abiding by propriety and submissiveness. Winterbourne\u27s relatives, such as his aunt, attempt to prohibit interaction with Daisy because her behavior deviates from this template. Winterbourne subjects Daisy to oppressive classifications, and his observations of her reflect his proclivity to establish a formula that applied to Miss Daisy Miller (James 12). He holds various notions of Daisy from American flirt (James 12) to young lady whom a gentleman need no longer be at pains to respect (James 60). All of these notions and formulas result from a pre-established patriarchal metric that Winterbourne adopts and inherits via the patriarchal distribution of information

Review of Madeleine L.H. Campbell\u27s Animals, Ethics and Us

In Animals, Ethics, and Us, Dr. Madeleine L.H. Campbell offers insight into the moral landscape of human-animal relations through a specific ethical framework that rejects the rights of non-human animals, opting instead for a “qualified utilitarian approach” (2019, 9). For Campbell, animal ethics should not be bound to animal rights or the autonomy of individual animals; she asserts that animal rights should not factor into the moral consideration of animals at all. Since she does not confer animals a moral status or form of rights and instead relies on the utilitarian approach, Campbell attempts to locate the justifying logic of necessity (or non-necessity) in each of these issues and demonstrate how the human use of animals in a particular situation is, or is not, legitimate. There are some notable issues with this approach: Campbell’s moral framework can essentially justify anything done to animals—if it is ‘beneficial’ to humans in any capacity. In this review, I briefly summarize her argument and its applications, then delve into some criticisms of her views

Following a Sigmoid Progression: Some Jurisprudential and Pragmatic Considerations Regarding Territorial Acquisition Among Nation-States

This article analyzes methods and doctrines used by States to acquire territories. The role of the United Nations in resolving disputes between nations and the inhabitants directly affected by the disputes is also addressed, including the jurisdictional, jurisprudential, and practical considerations of territorial acquisition. Finally, traditional territorial acquisition doctrines are applied to extraterrestrial and outer space acquisition. As Western civilization etched out territories and borders across its known world, international norms of diplomatic behavior appeared in the form of customs. These customs eventually grew into codifications, which in turn grew into the elaborate international system enjoyed and protested today. Laws emerged among international States to formalize the growing body of norms of interaction across them. Modern territorial sovereignty provides the State an “exclusive right” to perform State functions within that territory, but with a realization that no State may exercise its authority within the territorial limits of other States

Recent Advances in Synovial Fluid Analysis

Synovial fluid analysis is a frequently ignored examination except in suspected cases of septic conditions. It has been shown that it is an extremely valuable procedure in making rapid and accurate diagnoses in many types of joint diseases

Two Wrongs Do/Can Make a Right: Remembering Mathematics, Physics, & Various Legal Analogies (Two Negatives Make a Positive; Are Remedies Wrong?) The Law Has Made Him Equal, But Man Has Not

This article demonstrates the incomplete logic and inconsistent legal reasoning used in the argument against affirmative action. The phrase two wrongs don\u27t make a right is often heard in addressing various attempts to equalize, to balance, and to correct the acknowledged wrongs of slavery and segregation and their derivative effects. Yet, two wrongs do/can make a right has a positive connotation. This article reviews the history of societal and judicial wrongs against Blacks, as well as the evolution of the narrowing in legal reasoning concerning discrimination against minorities, including Blacks. Next, the legal reasoning behind legacy programs will be reviewed to show the inconsistency with the rationale against affirmative action in the area of discrimination against Blacks. The article then takes a brief look at the philosophy behind slavery and suppression, the first wrong, and the possible remedy of affirmative action, the alleged second wrong. Finally, it concludes with a review of legal analysis in areas where two wrongs do make a right

An investigation of the drying properties of the lead, manganese, and cobalt soaps of tung oil

"Approved. Louis E. Wise. L.S. Palurce [or Paluese - note is handwritten and unclear]."Typescript.Lead, manganese, and cobalt linoleates are well known "driers" of linseed oil, and the drying properties of oils boiled with litharge and manganese dioxide are thought due, at least in part, to the formation of linoleates in the oil. Because of the isomerism existing between linoletic acid, and alpha-elaeostearic acid, and also because of the rapid drying properties of the tung oil, the following investigation was undertaken: 1. the preparation and purification of the elaeostearates of lead, manganese, and cobalt; 2. a study of the "drying" properties of these soaps dissolved in linseed oil as compared with standard driers, e.g., litharge and manganese dioxide.Includes bibliographical reference