Socio-environmental sustainability: a case study in the good future community in barcarena in the Paraense amazon / Sustentabilidade socioambiental: um estudo de caso na comunidade do futuro bom em barcarena, na amazônia Paraense

The present article brings some critical reflections regarding the socio - spatial and environmental condition of the Comunidade of Bom Futuro, in the municipality of Barcarena - PA. These are observations made from the field work, aiming to carry out an analysis of the impacts caused in the community, having as main instrument the geographic analysis observed in the field, the empirical data of the local inhabitants and secondary data, which provide the basis for this discussion , these data will be discussed from the results obtained by the tables and graphs of the tool of analysis of the state of sustainability - MESMIS. The results show that the use of natural resources and socio-spatial and environmental changes have drastically transformed the local landscape, demonstrating that the interest of the capital invested by the company Hydro Alunorte linked to the Norwegian group Norsk Hydro aims at the unrestrained use of resources, without guaranteeing quality of life of the majority of the population. It concludes that the systematization through MESMIS reached a value considered far below the critical level of its global sustainability (Note 2.5: 10.0), which proposes immediate actions by the public power to soften the current situation in the community in question. 

SABERES LOCAIS COMO ALTERNATIVAS DE CONSERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL

As discussões sobre a conservação ambiental ganharam destaque ao longo do século 20, mas, sobretudo, no início dos anos 2000 esses debates tomaram força com a instituição do Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação-SNUC, partindo da ideia de que para proteger a biodiversidade não é necessário que a mesma esteja intocada, mas que seja manejada de forma sustentável por todas as populações que habitam tradicionalmente a área. Nesse sentido, este artigo, a partir de pesquisa de campo utilizando instrumentos do método etnográfico, procura compreender os modos de vida da população residente em Unidades de Conservação no lago da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí no estado do Pará. “Focado” exclusivamente na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Alcobaça, em um contexto rural a partir do cultivo de diversificadas espécies nativas, em um cenário já fortemente impactado pelo empreendimento hidrelétrico, analisou-se as maneiras de uso e acesso a recursos comuns, considerando os saberes e prática locais a partir do contexto da conservação ambiental

Avaliação do uso da casca do fruto e das folhas de Caesalpinia ferrea Martius como suplemento nutricional de Fe, Mn e Zn Evaluation of the use of the fruit peel and leaves of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius as a nutritional supplement of Fe, Mn and Zn

As plantas medicinais podem ser usadas como fontes alternativas de nutrientes minerais na dieta alimentar. Elementos como ferro, manganês e zinco apresentam biodisponibilidade variável em função de suas formas químicas (espécies) presentes em um alimento. Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o teor e a biodisponibilidade de ferro, manganês e zinco em extratos da casca do fruto e das folhas de Caesalpinia ferrea Martius por Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica com Chama (FAAS). Os agentes extratores testados foram as soluções de NaOH 0,05 mol. L-1, tampão Tris-HCl 0,05 mol.L-1 (pH= 8), tampão Tris-HCl 0,05 mol.L-1 (pH = 8) em dodecil sulfato de sódio (SDS) 1% (m/v), HCl 0,05 mol.L-1 e água quente (60 ºC). A casca do fruto e as folhas de Caesalpinia ferrea Martius apresentaram níveis altos de ferro e manganês quando comparados aos de outras plantas medicinais. Os elementos estudados mostraram predominante associação com compostos de alta e baixa massa molecular, espécies solúveis e insolúveis em água. Dentre os elementos analisados, o ferro apresentou melhor biodisponibilidade na casca do fruto e nas folhas. Manganês e zinco se mostraram mais biodisponível nas folhas. A casca do fruto e as folhas de Caesalpinia ferrea Martius podem ser uma fonte alternativa de ferro, manganês e zinco na dieta alimentar.<br>Medicinal plants can be used as alternative sources of mineral nutrients in the alimentary diet. Elements such as iron, manganese, and zinc present variable bioavailability due to their chemical form (species) present in foods. This work has the objective of evaluating the concentration and bioavailability of iron, manganese, and zinc in extracts of the peel and leaves of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). The extraction agents tested were 0.05 mol.L-1 NaOH, 0.05 mol.L-1 Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.05 mol.L-1 Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) containing 1% (m/v) sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS), 0.05 mol.L-1 HCl, and hot water at 60 ºC. The peel and leaves of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius presented higher levels of iron and manganese when compared to other medicinal plants. The elements studied showed predominant association with compounds of high and low molecular weight and soluble and insoluble species in water. Among the analyzed elements, the iron presented the best bioavailability in the peel and leaves of the fruit. Manganese and zinc presented higher bioavailability in the leaves. The peel and leaves of Caesalpinia ferrea Martius can be an alternative source of iron, manganese, and zinc in the alimentary diet

Chemical composition and nutritional value of leaves and fruits of Aninga (Montrichardia linifera, Araceae) for large herbivores

The aninga (Montrichardia linifera, Araceae) is often found in the floodplain ecosystems of the Amazon and is the natural diet of animals such as manatees, turtles, fish, buffalo and cattle. Aiming to contribute to the chemical knowledge and nutritional value of this plant, leaves and fruits of M. linifera were collected on the banks of the Guama and Maratauira rivers, Para State, Brazil. We determined the moisture content, ash mineral composition, lipids, protein, fiber, carbohydrate and caloric value of the fruits and leaves. The mineral composition (Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn) was obtained by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The leaves and the fruits of M. linifera had caloric values of 289.75 kcal and 355.12 kcal, respectively; and a low protein concentration, 0.44% for leaves and 0.24% for fruits. Manganese concentrations were 3279.46 mg kg-1 for leaves and 18151.53 mg kg-1 for fruits. These Mn concentrations are considered toxic, as they exceed the maximum tolerable for the ruminants (1000 mg kg-1). The M. linifera has the capacity to absorb and bioaccumulate large amounts of Ca, Mg and Mn in the soil, which makes it inappropriate for exclusive use as food for turtles, cattle and buffaloes, requiring more studies for its application as part of the diet.Montrichardia linifera (Araceae), conhecida popularmente como 'aninga', faz parte dos ecossistemas de várzea da Amazônia e da dieta natural de animais como peixe-boi, tartarugas, peixes, búfalo e gado. Com o objetivo de contribuir para o conhecimento químico e valor nutricional da mesma, folhas e frutos de M. linifera foram coletados às margens dos rios Guamá e Maratauíra, no Estado do Pará, Brasil. Em folhas e frutos foram realizadas análises de umidade, resíduo mineral fixo (cinzas), lipídios, proteínas, fibra bruta, concentração de carboidratos e valor calórico. A composição mineral (Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, Zn e Mn) foi obtida por espectrometria de absorção atômica de chama. Observou-se que tanto as folhas quanto os frutos da aninga, apesar de calóricos (289,75 kcal e 355,12 kcal, respectivamente), possuem baixo valor protéico (0,44% e 0,24 %, respectivamente). As concentrações de manganês obtidas (folha = 3279,46 mg kg-1e fruto = 18151,53 mg kg-1) foram consideradas tóxicas, extrapolando o limite máximo tolerável para ruminantes (1000 mg kg-1). A M. linifera, tem capacidade de absorver e bioacumular grandes quantidades de Ca, Mg e Mn presentes no solo, o que torna inadequada a sua utilização exclusiva na alimentação de quelônios, bovinos e bubalinos, havendo necessidade de mais estudos para sua aplicação como parte da ração.MÜLLER, R. C. S.; DANTAS, K. G. F.; ALVES, C. N. Universidade Federal do Par

Determinação espectrofotométrica de arsênio em amostras de solo usando 2-(5-bromo-2-piridilazo)-5-di-etilaminofenol (Br-PADAP)

In this paper, a new, simple and sensitive method for arsenic determination in soil is proposed. This is based on the reduction of silver (I) and iron (III) ions by arsine followed by a complexation reaction of iron (II) with the spectrophotometric reagent Br-PADAP 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-di-ethylaminophenol. Arsenic determination with a Sandell's sensitivity of 3.1 10-4 cm-2, linear range from 0.1 µg ml-1 to 2.0 µg ml-1 (r560 = 0.9995), molar absorptivity of 2.45 105 l mol-1 cm-1 and a concentration detection limit of 1.4 ng ml-1 (3s) were obtained using a 10 ml sample volume. Selectivity was increased with the use of EDTA as a masking agent. The proposed method was applied for arsenic determination in the presence of several ions amounts in digested soil samples. The results revealed that antimony (III), mercury (II), germanium (IV), platinum (IV) interferes at all analyzed proportions. The interferences can be easily removed by the use of EDTA. Precision and accuracy obtained were satisfactory with a R.S.D. < 5 %. Recovery of arsenic in soil samples varied from 95.55 to 102.70 % with a mean of 99.63 %. These results demonstrated that the proposed method is applicable for arsenic analysis in different soil samples.Um novo método, simples e sensível para a determinação de arsênio em solo é proposto neste trabalho. Este método é baseado na redução de prata (I) e ferro (III) pela arsina seguida da reação de complexação do ferro (II) com o reagente espectrofotométrico 2-(5-bromo-2-piridilazo)-5-di-etilaminofenol (Br-PADAP). A determinação de arsênio apresentou uma sensitividade de Sandell de 3.1x10-4 cm-2, foi linear na faixa de 0.1 µg ml-1 to 2.0 µg ml-1 (r560 = 0.9995), apresentou uma absortividade molar de 2.45x105 l mol-1 cm-1 e um limite de detecção de 1.4 ng ml-1 (3s) estes dados foram obtidos para 10 ml de amostra. A seletividade foi melhorada com o uso de EDTA com agente mascarante. O método proposto foi aplicado na determinação do arsênio na presença de outros íons e em amostras de solo. Os resultados revelaram que antimônio (III), mercúrio (II), germânio (IV), platina (IV) interferem na análise em todas as proporções analisadas. As interferências podem ser facilmente removidas pelo uso do EDTA. A precisão e a exatidão deram resultados satisfatórios, com desvio padrão relativo abaixo de 5%. As recuperações de arsênio em solo variaram de 95,55 a 102,70% com uma média de 99,63%. Estes resultados demonstraram que o método proposto é aplicável para a análise do arsênio em diferentes amostras de solo

Geochemical background concentrations of potentially toxic elements in soils of the Carajás Mineral Province, southeast of the Amazonian Craton

Federal Rural University of Amazon. Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal Rural University of Amazon. Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará. Institute of Studies on Xingu. São Felix do Xingu, PA, Brazil.Federal University of the South and Southeast of Pará. Regional Agrarian Development Studies Institute. Marabá, PA, Brazil.Federal Rural University of Amazon. Institute of Animal Health and Production. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal Rural University of Amazon. Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.The objective of this study was to establish background concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in soils from the Carajás Mineral Province (CMP), southeastern Amazonian Craton. The PTEs Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Ti, V, and Zn were digested in microwaves and quantified by optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The variability of physical-chemical and mineralogical attributes contributed to variation in PTE concentrations. High background concentrations of Al, Fe, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Ti, and V and, in particular, the PTE concentrations of Cd, Cu, Cr, Ba, and Co were greater than the prevention values defined by the Brazilian National Council of Environment. Soil quality reference values (QRVs) were greater than those determined for most Brazilian states and soils in the state of Pará. The high background concentrations and QRVs of PTEs show that the region is strongly influenced by the source material, rich in ferruginous deposits and other associated minerals. The results are an important tool for establishing soil quality standards and public policies for environmental protection in regions naturally PTE enriched

Bioaccumulation and human health risks of potentially toxic elements in fish species from the southeastern Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil

National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq - Brazil) (Grant IDs 425312/2018-6 and 305819/2018-6 ) and the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES - Brazil)Federal Rural University of the Amazon. Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Belém, Pará, Brazil.Federal Rural University of the Amazon. Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Belém, Pará, Brazil.Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará. Xingu Institute of Studies. São Félix do Xingu, PA, Brazil.Federal University of Southern and Southeastern Pará. Institute of Studies on Regional Agrarian Development. Marabá, PA, Brazil.Federal Rural University of the Amazon. Institute of Health and Animal Production. Belém, PA, Brazil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Federal Rural University of the Amazon. Socioenvironmental and Water Resources Institute. Belém, PA, Brazil.Federal Rural University of the Amazon. Institute of Agricultural Sciences. Belém, PA, Brazil.Anthropogenic activities may have increased the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in fish from the southeastern Carajás Mineral Province in Brazil, which has not yet been studied. The objectives were to determine the quality parameters of surface water and bottom sediments, and to assess the bioaccumulation and risks of Al, Fe, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Ti, V and Zn in fish species from the southeastern Carajás Mineral Province. Water, sediments and fish species (Colossoma macropomum, Curimata cyprinoides, Geophagus sp., Leporinus trifasciatus, and Serrasalmus eigenmanni) were collected in 14 areas in the municipalities of Parauapebas, Marabá and Canaã dos Carajás, contemplating the Gelado Stream and the Parauapebas, Tapirapé and Itacaiúnas Rivers. Water samples were subjected to physicochemical analysis using a multiparameter meter. Concentrations of PTEs in all samples were quantified by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Enrichment factor (EF) and geoaccumulation index (Igeo) were calculated to study the sediment enrichment and contamination. Ecological and human health risk assessments were performed to determine the risks to the environment and population's health. EF and Igeo revealed that the sediments from the Parauapebas River and Gelado Stream are respectively enriched by Ba, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Pb, and Ba, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb and V. The concentrations of Fe (1.67 mg L−1) and Mn (0.11 mg L−1) in water and the concentrations of Cr (>0.1 mg kg−1) and Pb (>2 mg kg−1) in fish were above the Brazilian legislation thresholds. The ecological risk assessment revealed considerable risk from Ni and moderate risk from multiple PTEs in sediments from the Gelado Stream. Human health risks were detected for Pb in all fish species and for Mo in L. trifasciatus. These results indicate that techniques for monitoring and controlling contamination must be implemented by the environmental agencies