Chronique bibliographique : l'objet diaspora en questions

Georges Prévélakis, Les réseaux des diasporas, Paris-Nicosie, L’Harmattan-KYKEM, 1996. Robin Cohen, Global diasporas. An introduction, Londres, UCL Press, coll. Global diasporas, 1997. Nicholas van Hear, New diasporas. The mass exodus, dispersal and regrouping of migrant communities, Londres, UCL Press, coll. Global diasporas, 1998. « J’y consens, leur dis-je, car je ne dispute jamais du nom, pourvu qu’on m’avertisse du sens qu’on lui donne » Pascal, Première provinciale Depuis une dizaine ..

« Diasporas » et identifications transétatiques

Stéphane Dufoix, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-X L’objectif que s’était donné cet enseignement était de fournir un cadre pour comprendre et expliquer la prolifération contemporaine du terme de « diaspora » pour décrire nombre de phénomènes pensés comme particulièrement actuels, qu’il s’agisse du transnationalisme ou de la mondialisation de certaines identités. Pour ce faire, il paraissait nécessaire de tenir ensemble le mot et l’idée pour tenter de comprendre et d’expliquer comme..

« Diasporas » et identifications transétatiques

Stéphane Dufoix, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-X L’objectif que s’était donné cet enseignement était de fournir un cadre pour comprendre et expliquer la prolifération contemporaine du terme de « diaspora » pour décrire nombre de phénomènes pensés comme particulièrement actuels, qu’il s’agisse du transnationalisme ou de la mondialisation de certaines identités. Pour ce faire, il paraissait nécessaire de tenir ensemble le mot et l’idée pour tenter de comprendre et d’expliquer comme..

« Diasporas » et identifications transétatiques

Stéphane Dufoix, maître de conférences à l’Université Paris-X Pour la deuxième et dernière année de cet enseignement, l’objectif était bien évidemment de s’appuyer sur les acquis de l’an dernier. Nous avions alors entrepris de tenir ensemble le mot et l’idée pour tenter de comprendre et d’expliquer comment un mot ancien (diaspora) et une idée ancienne (la possibilité de maintenir ou de fonder une identité par-delà la distance et la discontinuité du territoire de cette identité) ont progressiv..

Le centre d’interprétation de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine de Chalon-sur-Saône

À partir de l’exemple du centre d’interprétation de l’Architecture et du Patrimoine de Chalon-sur-Saône, l’auteur analyse les difficultés rencontrées pour viabiliser ce type d’établissement, présente les faiblesses de la structure et dresse un inventaire des mesures envisagées pour améliorer son attractivité

Larger Amygdala Volume Mediates the Association Between Prenatal Maternal Stress and Higher Levels of Externalizing Behaviors: Sex Specific Effects in Project Ice Storm

Introduction: The amygdala is a brain structure involved in emotional regulation. Studies have shown that larger amygdala volumes are associated with behavioral disorders. Prenatal maternal depression is associated with structural changes in the amygdala, which in turn, is predictive of an increase in behavioral problems. Girls may be particularly vulnerable. However, it is not known whether disaster-related prenatal maternal stress (PNMS), or which aspect of the maternal stress experience (i.e., objective hardship, subjective distress, and cognitive appraisal), influences amygdala volumes. Nor is it known whether amygdala volumes mediate the effect of PNMS on behavioral problems in girls and boys.Aims: To assess whether aspects of PNMS are associated with amygdala volume, to determine whether timing of exposure moderates the effect, and to test whether amygdala volume mediates the association between PNMS and internalizing and externalizing problems in 11½ year old children exposed in utero, to varying levels of disaster-related PNMS.Methods: Bilateral amygdala volumes (AGV) and total brain volume (TBV) were acquired using magnetic resonance imaging, from 35 boys and 33 girls whose mothers were pregnant during the January 1998 Quebec Ice Storm. The mothers' disaster-related stress was assessed in June 1998. Child internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed at 11½ years using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Hierarchical regression analyses and mediation analyses were conducted on boys and girls separately, controlling for perinatal and postnatal factors.Results: In boys, subjective distress was associated with larger right AGV/TBV when mothers where exposed during late pregnancy, which in turn explained higher levels of externalizing behavior. However, when adjusting for postnatal factors, the effect was no longer significant. In girls, later gestational exposure to the ice storm was associated with larger AGV/TBV, but here, higher levels of objective PNMS were associated with more externalizing problems, which was, in part, mediated by larger AGV/TBV. No effects were detected on internalizing behaviors.Conclusion: These results suggest that the effects of PNMS on amygdala development and externalizing symptoms, as assessed in boys and girls in early adolescence, can be influenced by the timing of the stress in pregnancy, and the particular aspect of the mother's stress experience

Madness decolonized?: Madness as transnational identity in Gail Hornstein’s Agnes’s Jacket

The US psychologist Gail Hornstein’s monograph Agnes’s Jacket: A Psychologist’s Search for the Meanings of Madness (2009) is an important intervention in the identity politics of the mad movement. Hornstein offers a resignified vision of mad identity that embroiders the central trope of an “anti-colonial” struggle to reclaim the experiential world “colonized” by psychiatry. A series of literal and figurative appeals make recourse to the inner world and (corresponding) cultural world of the mad, as well as to the ethno-symbolic cultural materials of dormant nationhood. This rhetoric is augmented by a model in which the mad comprise a diaspora without an origin, coalescing into a single transnational community. The mad are also depicted as persons displaced from their metaphorical homeland, the “inner” world “colonized” by the psychiatric regime. There are a number of difficulties with Hornstein’s rhetoric, however. Her “ethnicity-and-rights” response to the oppression of the mad is symptomatic of Western parochialism, while her proposed transmutation of putative psychopathology from limit upon identity to parameter of successful identity is open to contestation. Moreover, unless one accepts Hornstein’s porous vision of mad identity, her self-ascribed insider status in relation to the mad community may present a problematic “re-colonization” of mad experience

An anarchy of cultures: aesthetics and the changing school

It is the contention of this paper that schools are currently sandwiched between demands of the economy on one side and increasingly fundamentalist communities on the other; that schools need some degree of autonomy from each; that the greatest challenge of the century is how we can live together despite our differences; and that the only way of successfully meeting this challenge is for schools to put social justice at the heart of their activities, activities that are best informed by the cultivation of reasoned imagination – that is, by an aesthetic approach to the development of intellectual, social, cultural, economic and personal identities